Solving Quadratic Equations The following properties can be used to solve quadratic equations that can be written

in the form 𝑥 2 = 𝑘:

1. If 𝑘 > 0, then 𝑥 2 = 𝑘 has two real solutions or roots: 𝑥 = ±√𝑘.

We can solve real-life problems in different ways so as quadratic equations. In
2. If 𝑘 = 0, then 𝑥 2 = 𝑘 has one real solutions or roots: 𝑥 = 0.
solving quadratic equations, we are looking for the right value or values of the variable to
3. If 𝑘 < 0, then 𝑥 2 = 𝑘 has no real solutions or roots.
make the equation true. These values are called roots or solutions of the given equation.
It is very important that you will choose the easiest way to solve a given quadratic
Example 1
equation for you to save time and avoid errors to happen.
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝟎 Given

Review 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 + 𝟒 add 𝟒 on both sides of the equation (Addition Property)

Instruction: Factor each of the following quadratic expression. 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒 by simply adding the terms

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 √𝒙𝟐 = √𝟒 extract the square roots of both sides of the equation

𝒙 = ±𝟐 these are the two solutions of the equation
2
2. 5𝑥 − 25𝑥
Example 2
3. 𝑥 2 − 16 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎 Given

4. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 √𝒙𝟐 = √𝟎 extract the square roots of both sides of the equation

𝒙=𝟎 0 is the only solution
5. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6
Example 3

You should recall your knowledge in factoring before proceeding to this lesson. If you 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 Given
can’t do it using your notes from your grade 8 mathematics, you can check it on this YouTube
𝒙𝟐 = −𝟏𝟔 Since we cannot get a number multiplied to its self to get
video of Math Bender.
−16 the equation has no real solutions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhxnUm_hDGw
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
Let us discuss the different methods in solving quadratic equations.
To solve quadratic equations by factoring, follow the procedures below.
Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting Square Roots
1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form.
The square root of a real number 𝑎, is getting the number used as a factor twice to
2. Factor the quadratic equation.
have a product of 𝑎.
3. Apply the zero-product property by equating each factor of the quadratic
For example: expression to 0.

The square root of 9 can be 3 because (3)(3) = 9. Zero-Product Property

If the product of two real numbers is 0, then either of the to is equal to 0, or
It can also be −3 because (−3)(−3) = 9 both numbers are equal to 0.
4. Solve each resulting equation.
5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting them to the original
equation.
 Example 4
Example 2
𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 Given (in standard form)
𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟎 Given (in standard form)
(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝟎 Factor the quadratic expression
𝒙 ( 𝒙 − 𝟒) = 𝟎 Factor the quadratic expression
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 𝒙+𝟏=𝟎 Apply the zero-product property
(common monomial factoring)
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟓 𝒙 = −𝟏 by equating each factor to zero
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙−𝟒 =𝟎 Apply the zero-product property by equating each 𝟓
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙=𝟒 factor to 0 then solve for 𝑥. 𝒙=𝟑 𝒙 = −𝟏 then solve for 𝑥

For 𝒙 = 𝟎: Checking by substitution For 𝒙 = 𝟑:

𝟓
Checking by substitution
𝟎𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟎) = 𝟎 𝟓 𝟓
𝟑( )𝟐 − 𝟐 ( ) − 𝟓 = 𝟎
𝟑 𝟑
For 𝒙 = 𝟒
𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟒) = 𝟎 − −𝟓=𝟎
𝟑 𝟑

𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 −𝟓 =𝟎
𝟑
Example 3 𝟓−𝟓 = 𝟎
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟔𝒙 = −𝟓 Given For 𝒙 = −𝟏
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 Transform the equation in standard form 𝟑(−𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟐(−𝟏) − 𝟓 = 𝟎
(𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝟎 Factor the quadratic expression 𝟓−𝟓 = 𝟎
The factors of 5 that give a sum of 6 Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
are 5 and 1. Another method of solving quadratic equations is by transforming 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
𝒙+𝟓 =𝟎 𝒙+𝟏=𝟎 Apply the zero-product property into the form (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 ≥ 0.

𝒙 = −𝟓 𝒙 = −𝟏 by equating each factor to zero then solve for 𝑥 To solve the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 by completing the square, you may
follow these steps:
For 𝒙 = −𝟓: Checking by substitution
1. Divide both sides of the equation by 𝑎 then simplify.
(−𝟓)𝟐 + 𝟔(−𝟓) = −𝟓 2. Write the equation such that the constant term is on the right side and the other
two terms are on the left side.
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑𝟎 = −𝟓 3. Add the square of one-half of the coefficient of 𝑥 on both sides of the equation. It
will make the left side of the equation a perfect square trinomial.
For 𝒙 = −𝟏:
4. Express the left side of the equation as a square of a binomial.
(−𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟔(−𝟏) = −𝟓 5. Solve the resulting equation by extracting square roots.
6. Solve the resulting linear equations.
𝟏 − 𝟔 = −𝟓 7. Check the solutions using the original equation.
Example 5 Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula

𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 Given The solutions of any quadratic equation in the standard form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 can be
solved using the quadratic formula given below.
𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟐𝒙+𝟗 𝟎
=𝟑 Step 1 Divide both sides by 3. −𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟑 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟎
Example 6
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 = −𝟑 Step 2 The constant term 3 becomes negative on
the left side of the equation. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 Given

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 = −𝟑 + 𝟒 Step 3 The number added on both sides of the 𝒂 = 𝟏, 𝒃 = 𝟕, 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟎 Identify the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
4
equation came from (2)2 = 4.
−(𝟕)±√(𝟕)𝟐 −𝟒(𝟏)(𝟏𝟎)
𝒙= Substitute the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 to the formula
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟏 𝟐(𝟏)

−𝟕±√𝟒𝟗−𝟒𝟎
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏 Step 4 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 = (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 𝒙= Solve for 𝑥
𝟐

√(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 = √𝟏 Step 5 Extract the square roots of both sides of the −𝟕±√𝟗
𝒙= 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐 = ±𝟏 equation. −𝟕±𝟑
𝒙= 𝟐
𝒙 = −𝟐 ± 𝟏 Step 6 By addition property, 2 becomes −2 on the
other side of the equation. 𝒙=
−𝟕+𝟑
=
−𝟒
= −𝟐 These are the two rational roots or solutions of
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 = −𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒙 = −𝟐 − 𝟏 the given quadratic equation
−𝟕−𝟑 −𝟏𝟎
𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒙 = −𝟑 𝒙= = = −𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
For 𝒙 = −𝟏 Step 7 Check the solutions by substituting the For 𝑥 = −2: Checking using the original equation
values to 𝑥 in the original equation.
(−𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟕(−𝟐) + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟑(−𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(−𝟏) + 𝟗 = 𝟎
𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟑(𝟏) − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
−𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
For 𝒙 = −𝟓
−𝟗 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
(−𝟓)𝟐 + 𝟕(−𝟓) + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
For 𝒙 = −𝟑:
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟑(−𝟑)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(−𝟑) + 𝟗 = 𝟎
−𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟑(𝟗) − 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
𝟐𝟕 − 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
−𝟗 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
Example 7 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟔
= divide both sides by 4
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟒 =𝟎 Given
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒
𝒂 = 𝟏, 𝒃 = 𝟎, 𝒄 = 𝟒 Identify the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
√𝒙𝟐 = √𝟒 extract the square roots of both sides of the equation
−(𝟎)±√(𝟎)𝟐 −𝟒(𝟏)(𝟒)
𝒙= Substitute the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 to the formula 𝒙 = ±𝟐 these are the roots or solutions of the equation
𝟐(𝟏)
𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒙 = −𝟐
±√−𝟏𝟔
𝒙= Since we have a square root of a negative number,
𝟐 For 𝒙 = 𝟐: checking by substitution to the original equation
this means that we have no real solutions for
𝟒(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
𝟒(𝟒) − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
Example 8
𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 Given
For 𝒙 = −𝟐:
𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = −𝟓, 𝒄 = 𝟏 Identify the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
𝟒(−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
−(−𝟓)±√(−𝟓)𝟐 −𝟒(𝟐)(𝟏)
𝒙= Substitute the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 to the formula 𝟒(𝟒) − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟐(𝟐)

𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟓±√𝟐𝟓−𝟖
𝒙= Solve for 𝑥 Example 10
𝟒

𝟓±√𝟏𝟕 If the quadratic equation is in the form of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = 0, you can use common
𝒙= 𝟒 monomial factoring to solve it easily.
𝟓+√𝟏𝟕 𝟓−√𝟏𝟕
𝒙= 𝒙= These are the two irrational solutions of 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = 𝟎 Given
𝟒 𝟒

𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 𝟑𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟎 use common monomial factoring on the left side of

the equation
The quadratic formula works on all forms of quadratic equations but it is convenient
to be used on those which are not factorable. 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 using the zero-product property, equate each factor

It is important that you will choose the most appropriate method on solving a specific to zero then solve for 𝑥.
form of a quadratic equation. 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒙 = −𝟐 these are the roots or solutions of the equation
Example 9 For 𝒙 = 𝟎:
2
If the quadratic equation is in this form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, the most appropriate and easiest 𝟑(𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟔(𝟎) = 𝟎 check by substituting to the original equation
method to be used is extracting square roots.
For 𝒙 = −𝟐:
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 Given
𝟑(−𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟔(−𝟐) = 𝟎
𝟒𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 by addition property −16 becomes positive on the
other side 𝟑(𝟒) + 𝟔(−𝟐) = 𝟎
𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Example 11 Example 12

If the quadratic equation in the form of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, and neither 𝑏 or 𝑐 are equal A rectangular paper has a length of 25 𝑖𝑛 longer than the width. If the area of the
to zero, you can use factoring as a method if it is factorable. If it is not factorable, it is advisable paper is 150 𝑖𝑛2 . What are the dimensions of the paper?
to use the quadratic formula.

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 Given, use factoring since it is factorable

𝒍 = 𝒘 + 𝟐𝟓 𝒊𝒏 Given
(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟔) = 𝟎 factor the left side of the equation
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒊𝒏𝟐
think of factors of 12 which has a sum of 8
𝑨 = 𝒍𝒘 the formula for area
those are 2 and 6
𝟏𝟓𝟎 = (𝒘 + 𝟐𝟓)(𝒘) substitute the values in terms of 𝑤.
𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 use the zero-product property by equating each
𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝒘𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒘 multiply 𝑤 to 𝑤 + 25 by distributive property
factor to zero
𝒘𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒘 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎 add −150 on both sides of the equation to transform the
𝒙 = −𝟐, 𝒙 = −𝟔 these are the roots or solutions of the equation
equation to the standard form of a quadratic equation
For 𝒙 = −𝟐:
−150 = (−5)(30) factors of −150
(−𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟖(−𝟐) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 check by substituting to the original equation
25 = (−5) + (30) the give a sum of 25
𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
(𝒘 − 𝟓)(𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎)=0 factor the quadratic expression
−𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒘 − 𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝒘 + 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎 apply the zero-product property by equating each factor to
For 𝒙 = −𝟔:
𝒘 = 𝟓, 𝒘 = −𝟑𝟎 zero then solve for 𝑤
(−𝟔)𝟐 + 𝟖(−𝟔) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
These are the roots or solutions of the original equation.
𝟑𝟔 − 𝟒𝟖 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Since the problem asks for the dimensions the value for 𝑤 should be positive since we are
−𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 talking about length. 𝑤 = 5 𝑖𝑛 and the length is 𝑤 + 25 = 30 𝑖𝑛.
Independent Activity 4 Independent Assessment 4

Instruction: Solve the following quadratic equations using any of the methods Instructions: Answer the following real-life problems. Show your solutions.
that you learned from the discussion.
(5 points each)
1. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = 𝟎

1. The length of a computer monitor is twice as long as its width. The area of the monitor
is 2 𝑓𝑡 2 . What are the dimensions of the monitor?

2. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 = 𝟎

2. The product of the height and base of a triangle is 6 𝑖𝑛2. The height is 4 𝑖𝑛 shorter than
3. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎 the base. What is the height of the triangle?

4. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓

5. 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

Name: ___________________________________
Grade and Section: ______________________

Date of Submission: ______________________