Islamiyat revision notes

Class 9

2024-2025

Nida fatima

The city school

 Syllabus paper 1 timing: 1hr:30min total arks: 50

Question #1 [marks: 8] Question # 2 [ marks : 14]

 Quranic passages 1-5 Part a: 10 marks part b: 4

Allah in him self  The history and importance of quran

The major theme or themes of the The revelation and preservation of the Qur’an to the
Prophet (pbuh) between the years 610 and 632
Qur’an that appear in each

passage

The importance of these themes in

the lives of Muslims today.

Question # 3 and 4 [marks:14] Question # 4 and 5 [marks: 14]

 The life of holy prophet (p.b.u.h)  The Islamic community

Scribes
1-13 year of prophethood Total scribes: 9
Life in makka Wives of holy prophet (p.b.u.h)
Total wives : 13
Total topics :12
 Syllabus paper 2 timing :1hr:30min total marks:50

Question # 2 [marks:14]
Question # 1 [marks:8]
Compulsory question Compulsory question
 1-5 ahadith  History and importance of ahadith
Individual ahadith : 1,3,4 The basic types of Hadith as
Communal ahadith : 2,5 saying,actions, silent approvals and
Hadith-e-qadsi and Hadith -e-nabwi

Compilation of ahadith

1.prophet 2. Companions

3.tabeen(successor)

4.tabe-tabeen(successor of successor)

Question #4 and 5 [marks:14]

Question #3,4 [marks:14]
 Hazrat Abu bakr(R.A)  Articles of faith
Believe in oneness,books,angels
 Pillars of Islam
Shahadah,fasting
Understanding command words
Command words tell you how to answer a specific exam question or complete an
assessment task. The command words published in the syllabus will be in exam
and assessment materials from 2022 onwards.

The definitions will help you understand what the words are asking you to do. Any
subject-specific command words will also be listed in the syllabus. The list does
not include simple instruction words like write, circle or find.

Analyse
examine in detail to show meaning, and identify elements and the relationship
between them
Assess
make an informed judgement
Comment
give an informed opinion
Compare
identify/comment on similarities and/or differences
Contrast
identify/comment on differences
Define
give a precise meaning
Describe
state the points of a topic / give characteristics and main features
Develop
take forward to a more advanced stage or build upon given information
Discuss
write about issue(s) or topic(s) in depth in a structured way
paper 1

Question no 1

Quranic passages
PASSAGE NO.1 [2:255]

THEME: Main theme of this passage is Allah in Himself. It begins with the expressing the
qualities of Allah and moves on to explain different aspects of the unity of God. It opens by
telling the believers that their Lord is the one who is worthy of worship. The “verse of throne”
teaches Muslims the attributes of Allah through which it becomes easier to recognize Him as
they make Him unique and different from the created (the attributes mentioned as Al Qayoom
– ever alert). Firstly it tells that Allah is free from human weaknesses. He does not feel tired or
sleepy watching and guarding this entire universe, like the humans. Allah is absolute. He is
there from start and will continue to be there forever. Secondly it explains that Allah is the
ultimate possessor of power- the Lord (thus the name verse of throne) or is omnipotent and all-
knowing or omniscient. Meaning by nothing can happen without his knowledge and
permission. He knows the present, past and the future. Quran mentions in Surah Al Mulk,
“Blessed is He in Whose Hands is the dominion; He has power over all thing s.”

IMPORTANCE: These themes carry great importance in the life of a Muslim. The belief in
unity of Allah saves a Muslim from bowing down to other dieties and even to one’s own
desires. It saves his self-respect and human dignity.

The understanding that He is beyond human limitations makes man subject to Him even more.
One turns to Him in humbleness, realizing that Allah is capable of doing what no one can do.

The theme of His throne affirms a Muslim’s belief that all the creations are under His authority.
Therefore he recites this verse to throw himself in His protection. The Prophet is reported to
have said, “If one recites Ayatul Kursi before going to sleep, Allah will send an Angel to come
and look after you and protect.” Also that no one can do any good or harm to the other
without his consent makes him satisfied for whatever Allah decides for His creation is in the
best interest of man. Furthermore, none of Allah’s decisions is influenced by any of His
creations’ wishes so the bad feelings do not generate among masses.
PASSAGE NO.2 [6:101-103]

THEME: The theme of this Quran passage is Allah in himself. It tells us that Allah is the one
who created the world and everything there in without any material and without any pattern.
He is the sole cause and source of creation. Thus unique is his creative power. His authority is
supreme in creating and destroying what He may consider at the same time. He is free from all
human characteristics of family ties. Surah Ikhlas says, “He begets not, nor is He begotten.” He
has knowledge of all and has grasp over all of His creations, their needs and decides in the best
interest of them, the wisdom of which the humans are incapable to understand. He is
independent and as Quran further elaborates this saying “For God is He who understands the
finest Mysteries”

IMPORTANCE: These verses strengthen man’s relation with God as the belief gets stronger
and stronger in His power and ability to create not only the humans but also the heavenly
bodies. Man gets conscious that all that the creation is made of is in Allah’s knowledge thus
whatever one does cannot be hidden from Him. Thus man recognizes Him as the originator and
fashioner of the whole world. Therefore worhips Him alone and in a better manner. Man
registers that he has limited knowledge and therefore needs to rely with faith on Allah’s
wisdom as He always attends to man’s needs. The Quran says, “…and He is with you where ever
you are.”

Thus by perceiving the themes of these verses Muslims develop a clear concept of Tawhid and
fully understand to bow down to Allah only.
PASSAGE NO.3 [41:37]

THEME: The theme of this Quranic passage Allah in himself. It tells us about his unique power
of creation. Not only living beings has He created but also massive heavenly bodies. Not only
this but has also set the systems for operating this world such as the day and the night moving
in a cycle of 24 hours. These act as the signs for the wise to recognize God. The Quran says in
3:190 “Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and
the day are signs for those of understanding.”

The people of that time would wonder about the sun and the moon as massive and powerful
lords who were controlling the world. Their falsehood of this belief is exposed here. These
heavenly bodies only serve as signs of the grandeur of their creator. Man must therefore
recognize the power of Allah through these creations and is encouraged to bow down to Him
realizing His unity and supreme authority and that Allah is the sole cause and source of all the
creations.

IMPORTANCE: it is important as it highlights Allah’s power over the celestial bodies and thus
strengthens their faith in His unity and omnipotence. It invites the believers to observe and
ponder over Allah’s creations and after understanding Him believe in Him and obey His
commands truly. All that He has created is for the benefit of human beings and keeps one away
from the sin of shirk. It makes them realize that their Lord is such who demands them to
willingly prostrate to Him and not His creations. Same as Ibrahim did.

PASSAGE NO. 4 [42:4-5]

THEME: The main theme of this passage is Allah in Himself. These verses speak that this whole
universe belongs to Allah. He is the exclusive Master and no one else has any part or share in
His Kingdom. His Highness is such that the highest heavens cannot stand the magnificence of
His grandeur. It is as if they would shatter into pieces. He has created the angels to sing Glory
and Praise to the Lord of the worlds and at the same time they are commanded to implore Him
for Forgiveness and Mercy for the erring creatures on the earth. These angels are doing as
commanded without any reasoning of why they glorify their Lord. The man obeys Allah after
understanding that only He is to be worshipped. Yet if he commits mistakes Allah forgives him
Verse 7 of Surah Mo'min also describes a similar situation where it is said that the angels who
sustain the Throne and those around it sing Glory and Praise to their Lord, and implore
Forgiveness for those who believe and who turn in repentance. He is Oft-Forgiving and His
Mercy is for all creatures. "... but My Mercy extends to all things ..." (7: 156).

IMPORTANCE: When a person believes that Allah Alone is the Creator of the universe and
there is no partner with Him in His Authority and Power, he will not seek help from worldly
deities who are themselves created. A number of the so-called holy men and custodians of the
shrines exploit their followers economically. He will get rid of superstitious beliefs and will be
safe from committing shirk. His belief in Oneness of Allah will become stronger.

If angels implore Mercy and Forgiveness for the dwellers of the earth, believers should also
seek His Forgiveness regularly, and at the same time they can encourage others to stay away
from sins and still seek forgiveness.

Humans are not innocent; they are liable to sins. If a person commits a sin, he should not be
disappointed. Allah's doors of repentance are always open for all. If he feels guilty and pledges
not to commit the sin again, he will be pardoned because Allah is the Forgiving and Merciful.
Our God even forgives thousands of sins when someone repents. His Grace and Mercy outstrips
His Wrath. It is only Allah's Mercy and Grace that He grants enough time even to those who
have touched the extreme limits of disbelief, sinfulness and polytheism. If they come back
through repentance, they will not be asked about their previous wrongdoings.

PASSAGE NO. 5 [112]

THEME: Theme of this early Makkan Surah is God in himself in terms of His unique person. It
outlines the most fundamental and cardinal aspects of Tawhid (oneness of God). It out rightly
declares God’s unity and emphatically negates the false belief of God having ancestors and
descendants. It further highlights God’s unity by saying that God’s nature or person can never
be compared to anyone throughout the universe. It also mentions God’s freedom from time
and space by saying that he has always been and will always be there. This way, the passage
crystallizes the belief of Tawhid. It offers a unique introduction of God to the mankind and
provides a clear understanding of His divine being. Surah al anbiya verse 25 says, “There is no
deity but Me, so worship Me alone.”

IMPORTANCE: it brings man closer to Allah as it contains the essence of absolute nature of
Allah and refutes all forms of shirk in beliefs and actions. It negates all corrupted beliefs of the
Arab society and makes todays nation realize the shapes shirk can take , therefore puts man on
guard of his faith in Tawhid. Man gets to know that since Allah has no family therefore no one is
more loved due to family ties but the logic drives him to understand that peity is the key to
attain closeness of Allah. Thus all the other faiths considering that angels are His daughters or
jesus or Uzair were his sons are shunned down. This surah therefore purifies one’s faith.
Reciting it thrice carries the reward of reciting the whole Quran. The prophet is reported to
have said, ‘If any one recites two hundered times daily, ‘Say He is Allah, the One and Only,’ the
sins of fifty years will be wiped out …”

Question no 2:
Chapter no 2: The history and importance of holy quran

Describe the ways in which the Holy Quran was revealed between the years 610
AD and 632 AD?

Event of first Revelation:

With age and growing understanding, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) became more
and more aware of the corrupt Arabian society around him as it troubled him a
lot. He often thought of the God of his forefathers. In his late thirties he became
fond of solitude. He started retiring to the cave of Hira with a supply of food and
water. There he would meditate and ponder over the truth. One day towards
the end of Ramadan in the year 610 AD when the Prophet (PBUH) was 40 years
of age, the angel Jibrael (AS) appeared before him and asked him to read.

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) replied, “I cannot read.” After this the angel squeezed
him so tightly that he thought he would die of suffocation. This same procedure
was repeated for a total of 3 times after which the Prophet (PBUH) asked,
“What shall I read?” The angel then revealed the first five verses of Surah Al-
Alaq: “Read in the name of your Lord Who created; Created man out of a (mere)
clot of congealed blood; Read and your Lord is Most Bountiful; He who taught
(the use of pen); Taught man that which he knew not” These were the first five
verses of Surah Al Alaq and this marks the beginning of the revelations.

These verses were imprinted on the prophet’s mind there and then. From then
onwards the Prophet kept getting revelations for almost 23 years.

Battle of Badr (Surah Al-Anfal): Different verses were revealed in accordance

with the situation and it is possible to link many of revelations with important
moments in the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) life. For example the Holy Quran tells us
about the Battle of Badr in the following verses of Surah Al- Anfal… “And
remember when you met, He showed them to you as few in your eyes, and He
made you appear as contemptible in their eyes: so that Allah might accomplish
a matter already decided” The rest of the Surah gives us the detailed account if
this battle which was fought in 624 AD.
The two forces were very unequal, with the Muslims outnumbered three to
one. However, this Surah tells us that Muslims won this battle due to help of
Allah.

Surah Al-Kausar: Another example is that of Surah Al Kausar which said, “We
have granted you the Abundance. Therefore Turn to your Lord in prayer and
sacrifice. For he who hates you he will be cut off (from Future hope).” These
verses were revealed when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was passing through a
period of great difficulty.

The Quraysh had turned against him due to his propagation of Islam and when
his two sons died in infancy, they said that he was cut off from the community.
Hence this Surah was revealed to console the Prophet (PBUH) and to foretell the
destruction of his opponents.

Features of Makki&MadniSurahs: These revelations were then compiled in the

form of surahs and these surahs can be divided into Makki and Madni Surahs.
Makki Surahs were revealed before the migration to Medina whereas Madni
Surahs are those which were reveled after the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) migration.
The Makki Surahs are generally brief.

They deal with belief in Allah and other Articles of Faith and contain teachings
to develop one’s moral character. Makki surahs had a strong vocabulary and
language and they usually start with the phrase, “O you mankind” They also
stress on the importance of fear of Allah, His powers and His knowledge. Surah
Al- Ikhlas is an example of Makki Surah which is a short passage stressing upon
the concept of Tauheed.

On the other hand Madni surahs were much longer as compared to Makki
surahs. They deal with pillars of Islam and social, economic and political
obligations of Muslims. For example Surah Al- Maida is a Madni Surah which
contains laws about social life of Muslims like food laws.

They usually start with the phrase, “O you who believe”. Sensations: Whenever
a revelation came the Prophet (PBUH) experienced different sensations.
Sometimes he would hear ringing sounds which he said was the hardest on him.
Hazrat Ayesha narrated thatsometimes he (PBUH) would start perspiring in the
cold(Sahih Bukhari).

Sometimes he would become so heavy that the animal carrying him and his
companions could feel his weight. Once Holy Prophet (PBUH) was travelling
with Hazrat Zaid, and revelation came, and Hazrat Zaid narrated that he felt a
lot of pressure on his leg. Sometimes the angels would come in human form and
talk to the Prophet which was the easiest for him (PBUH).

At times Prophet (PBUH) also used to receive the revelations in his dreams.
Twice he (PBUH) saw angel Jibrael in his actual form e.g. in the event of Miraj
(as mentioned in surah An Najm). In the event of Miraj Allah blessed Holy
Prophet (PBUH) with the last two verses of Surah Baqarah directly, in which
Allah told Holy Prophet (PBUH) that your Ummah would be forgiven if they
would not commit shirk.

These revelations put a lot of stress on the Prophet and he (PBUH) was not
aware when the revelation would be revealed as mentioned in Surah Al-
Qiyamah. These sensations are one of the reasons why the Quran wasn’t
revealed all at once.

Last Sermon: The last revelation revealed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was in
the plain of Arafat after he had given the sermon of Hajj. It said, “This day I have
perfected your religion for you, completed my favour upon you and have
chosen for you Islam as your religion”.With these words Allah completed his
revelation of the Holy Quran.

Brief description about recording Holy Quran: The Holy Prophet (PBUH) could
not read or write. When revelations came to him by Hazrat Jibrael, the scribes
wrote them down. They used bones of animals, leaves, pieces of pottery and
any other things that could beused to record the verses. Some companions had
even memorized the verses. Holy Prophet (PBUH) would later ask his scribes to
read out the recorded verses to check their authenticity
Life and Importance of Holy Prophet (S)
Events up until 1st Revelation
 Write about the life of the Prophet (saw) up until the first Revelation.
[10-J-10]
Q Give an account of the Prophet’s life up to the time the revelations began.
[10-Nov 14-2058/11]

Mohammad (saw) was born in 571 AD in Makkah in the family of Banu

Hashim of the tribe of Quresh. This year was also known as the year of
elephants because in this year the king of Yemen, Abraha, attacked Makkah
with the intention to destroy the holy Kaaba along with an army of elephants.
He failed because Allah sent small birds with stones in their feet and beaks
which destroyed the army. It was a very historic event in the history of Arabs.
Quran reminds this event in Sura Al Feel (elephants).

His father’s name was Abdullah and his mother was Amina. His grand-father
was Abdul Muttalib who was a highly respected person of makkah. He had
ten sons. Abdullah was the youngest son and a very handsome man. He
married to Amina who was from Yathrib, later known as Madina. Like other
Makkans, Abdullah was also a merchant. Two months before the birth of the
Prophet (sw), he went to a trade journey to Syria. When he was coming back
from there and he was close to Yathrib, he got ill and died. He was buried
there.

According to the tradition of Makkah, Mohammad (saw) was given to a lady

Halima in order to learn language skills and living in a natural atmosphere of
villages in order to get strong body and good health. He lived with her for four
years. He was taken for two years only but as soon as Halima took him, a
continuous flow of good started coming to the family. Hamima was so happy
with the child that she extended two more years and kept him until he was
four. These were the days when two angels came to him, opened his chest and
washed his chest with some blessed water.

When he was six years old, his mother took him to the grave of the father but
on her way back to Makkah, she died. She was also buried near Madina. Now
the grandfather Abdul Mutallib took his care. He was an old man of about
ninety and after two years, he also died. Now, his uncle, Abu Talib took his
responsibility.

Abu Talib had a large family with twelve children but he loved his nephew
very much. Mohammad (sw) used to sleep in his bed. In the age of twelve, he
went to a trade jorney with Abu Talib. It was the journey when a monk saw
Mohammad (sw) and felt some strange events and asked Abu Talib not to
take the child on journeys as his life could be in danger.

He also took part in battles between tribes. One battle which took place
between the Quresh and Banu Qais is known as battle of Fujjar. He took part
in the battle but he did not kill anyone. His duty was to pick up arrows for his
people. He started taking more interest in business and soon he was known as
an honest businessman but due to lack of investment, he could not develop
himself as a rich merchant though he was a very skilled merchant. Until the
age of twenty-five, he spent a life of extreme poverty. Only for a few coins, he
used to graze the animals of the people of Makkah. Sura Al duha says:
“And we found you poor and made you rich”.

In the age of twenty-five, he married to Khadija (ra). Khadija was a rich

widow of forty years. She was known in Makkah for her wealth, beauty and
good character. Her title was “Tahira”. She sent Mohammad (saw) to a trade
journey and sent her slave Maisara along with him. Mohammad (saw) came
back with a good profit and the slave also gave a positive report about his
character. She sent her proposal of marriage to Mohammad (sw). After taking
consent from his family, he married Khadija(ra). The marriage was a success.
The Prophet (saw) had six children. Four daughters survived but both the
sons died in infancy.

Investing the finance from khadija (ra), Mohammad (sw) became a rich and a
very respectable person of makkah. He was known for his good nature and
honest personality and Makkans called him “sadiq and ameen”, truthful and
trustworthy.

He also took part in a peace agreement known as “Hlf –ul-Fuzul” which took
place in Makkah between the tribes in which they decided to have peace
among themselves and also to help the poor and needy. The Prophet (saw)
says that he was so happy when the agreement took place that if he gets other
chances to take part in such agreements, he would take part. This shows his
peace-loving nature.

When he was about thirty-five years old, he took part in another event. Due to
a flood, the building of the holy Kaaba fell down. The building was
constructed but the placement of the black stone became a point of conflict.
Every family of Quresh wanted to take the honour. Mohammad (saw) solved
this problem. He placed the stone on a sheet of cloth and every tribe took the
stone to the right place and finally, Mohammad (saw) placed it in the right
place. This event shows that by nature Mohammad (saw) loved peace.

When he was forty years old, he developed the tendency to seclude himself
and stay in a cave called “Hira” for sdome days. Soon he received his first
revelation there.

Topical Past paper questions

(a) Describe the different ways that the Prophet (pbuh) received
revelation from God. [10]
(b) Why do you think that the revelation was sent to someone who
could not read or write? [4] oct/nov

(a) Write an account of the ways in which the Qur’an was revealed to
the Prophet between the years 610 and 632. [10] October/November
2009

(b) What does the Prophet’s first experience of revelation tell us about
the nature of prophethood in Islam? [10/oct/nov]

(a)Write about the Prophet’s different experiences of revelation, after

the first revelation. [10] October/November 2012

(b) Explain the significance of the Qur’an being revealed over a period
of time. [4] October/November 2012

(a) The Angel Jibril brought the revelation of the Qur’an to the Prophet
Muhammad at different times and places. Give examples to show how
this took place. [10]

(b) What was the significance of the Prophet being given the revelation
by word rather than in writing? [4] May/June 2015(11)

(a) Write briefly about the tasks carried out by the Scribes of the
revelation at the time of the Prophet. [10/M/j]
Question # 3 and 4
[marks:14]

 The life of holy prophet (p.b.u.h)

1-13 year of prophethood
Total topics : 12

Life in Makah

1st Year of Prophet hood

 Give a brief description of Muhammad’s call to be Prophet.

Or

 Give an account of how the Quran was first revealed to the Prophet
(S.A.W).

Before the first revelation, Mohammad (sw) was a man of good nature. He
always helped the poor and needy. He had never worshipped idols and always
hated the common bad habits among Arabs When he was about forty years of
age, he started meditating in the Cave of Hira because he used to think about
the social evils common in Arabian society. He was in search of truth.

He started going to a cave three miles away from Makkah known as the cave of
Hira. It is also known as the “The mount of Noor”. He used to go to Hira for a
few days along with some food stuff. When the food was over, he would come
back to Makkah and bring more food for him. A strange thing happened with
him that his dreams started coming true.

One evening of the month of Ramadan in the year 610, he found a being
standing in front of him.
 “We have revealed this (Quran) in the Night of Power”. (Al Qadr-1)

Later he came to know it was Jibreel (as), the leader of all angels. Jibreel (as)
asked him to read. It is possible that Jibreel (as) showed him some writing and
Mohammad (saw) was not literate. He said “I do not know how to read”. Jibreel
(as) squeezed him tightly. The Prophet says that he squeezed the Prophet so
hard that he felt pain in his chest. This happened three times. Then he started
reading. These were the first five Ayaat of Sura Al Alaq.

Read! In the name of your Lord who created,

Created man out of a clot of congealed blood:

Proclaim! And your Lord is most bountiful,

He who taught by the pen

Taught man what he did not know.

He came back home frightened and shivering. He asked his wife Khadija (ra) to
cover him with something warm. He told the story to her and she pacified him.
Mohammad (saw) said that he was afraid someone would kill him. Khadija (ra)
said:

“Never, by Allah! Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relation

with your kith and kin, help the poor, serve your guests and assist those

who are in problems”.

Khadija (ra) took Mohammad (saw) to her cousin Warqa Ibn Nawfal who was a
Christian scholor and a very old man. Khadija (ra) said: “Warqa, talk to your
nepew, what has happened with him?” Warqa heard the story and said: “It was
the same angel who used to communicate between Allah and the other
prophets. It means that you are also a prophet of Allah. Your people will expel
you from this city (Makkah). If I remain alive until that time, I will be with you”.
By this statement Warqa indicated three important things. One that
Mohammad (sw) was the Prophet of Allah, two, that the one who came to him
was angel Jibail (as), three that he will be expelled from Makkah and migrate to
some other place. Warqa did not live long after this event.

PART: B

How the role of Hazrat Khadija is important in the life of Holy Prophet(S). 4

The role of Hazart Khadija in the life of Holy Prophet(S) is of immense

importance as she stood side him as his (S) pillar of strength and support. His(S)
marriage with her brought end to his financial worries and he gave more time to
meditation. After first revelation, she did not have any contradictory opinion
about his experience rather she trusted him(S) and lifted his (S) morale. Their
relationship was based on utmost sincerity and loyalty for each other and
therefore she did her best to show her financial and emotional support to
him(S). She played critical role in initial days to keep him (S) calm. In fact she
was embodiment of love and support for him and was immensely loved and
respected by Muhammad (S).

Preaching journey of Holy Prophet (S.A.W)

 Take an account of the Prophet’s early preaching journey 10

The revelation marked the beginning of Holy Prophet(S) career as the last
messenger of Allah. The religion Islam began with the concept of Tauheed
(Oneness of Allah). Among the first believers were:Among Women - Wife of
Hazrat Muhammad(S), Hazrat Khadija (R.A)Close Friend Hazrat Abu Bakr
(R.A).Slave/adopted son, Zaid bin Harith (R.A).Child, Hazrat Ali (R.A), cousin of
Prophet (S)Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A), Talha bin Ubaidullah (R.A), Zubair bin
Awain (R.A), Abu Ubaida bin-Al Jarrah (R.A), Saad bin Abi Waqas (R.A), Abdur
Rehman bin Auf, (R.A.) and Abdullah bin Masud (R.A.)
For three years, he preached the message secretly, then, a revelation
came,“And Warn your relatives”.The Holy Prophet(S) invited his relatives and
the tribe at a dinner. After dinner, he said,

“O, Quraish! By yourselves! I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O
Bani Manaf! I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O Abbas! The son
of Abdul Muttalib! I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O Safiyah
(the aunt of Prophet(S) I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O
Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad (PBUH), Ask what you wish from my
property, but I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him”.“O sons of Abdul
Muttalib! I know, no Arab who has come to his people with a nobler message
than mine. I have brought you the best of this world and the next. Allah has
ordered me to call you to Him,so who of you will stand by me in this matter”.
No one responded to the message, except Ali (R.A), who said.“I am the youngest
of you, my feet may not be strong but, O Muhammad (PBUH)! I shall be your
helper, whoever opposes you I shall fight him as a mortal enemy.”

Another message came to make his message public. “Therefore, declare openly
to them, what you are commanded and turn away from the pagans”!The Holy
Prophet (S) called the people at Safa hills and asked them that if he told them
that an army was passing behind the hill, would they believe him. They all
replied. “They would”, as they had never heard him telling a lie, but when the
Prophet (S) invited them to the Oneness of Allah, and his Prophethood, they
turned away, His uncle Abu Lahab condemned him and said,“May you perish
forever” Did you call us for this? Prophet(S) was shocked. Allah comforted him
and informed him of the fearful punishment awaiting Abu Lahab.“May the hand
of Abu Lahab perish, doomed he is, his wealth and his properties shall not save
him; he shall be thrown into a flaming fire of hell”.

The early preaching journey was not an easy task for Holy Prophet (S) as
Makkan were not willing to leave aside the practices of their forefather but
Prophet’s behavior was so convincing over period of time that many people in
later age accepted Islam and this is how Prophet’s (S) determination and by
grace of Al-almighty Allah he witness the conquest of Makah and fall of
Makkans.

3rd & 4th year of Prophet Hood

 Q Describe the main difficulties encountered by the Prophet (saw)

himself during his time in Makah after his call to prophethood.

After three years of silent preaching, the Prophet (saw) invited people to Islam
openly. Prophet gave the message of Islam to Makkans at Safa hill. Makkans
rejected him and Abu Lahab used insulting language ad rejected the invitation
to Islam. Persecution started since that day. The wife of Abu Lahb, Ume Jamila
used to throw rubbish and thorny bushes on the way of the Prophet (saw).
Prophet’s two daughters were in the Nikah of the two sons of Abu Lahab but he
compelled his sons to divorce them.

Once, the pagans put a stomach of camel on his back when he was in the
prostration in Kaaba. Once a pagan put a cloth around his neck and he could not
breathe. The pagans tempted him to quit his mission. They offered Abu Talib to
give Mohammad (saw) wealth or marry any woman or the Lordship of Makkah.
The Insults, verbal abuses and whistling during the recitation of Quran was a
routine matter. If he would leave the spread of Islam. They talked to the chief
Abu Talib, uncle of Holy Prophet (S), but Holy Prophet(S) answered, “If you put
the sun on my right hand and moon on the left to force me to renounce the
religion, I will not leave until Allah will destroy me in this process”

The „Quraish held a boycott of the Banu Hashim tribe and they were forced to
spend 3 years in great sufferings without proper food. There was no trade link
and marital links with other tribes when they stayed in a small gorge Shib-i-Abi
Talib. Holy Prophet (PBUH) then faced sorrows for the death of Abu Talib and
Hazrat Khadija (R.A). This year is called “Year of Sorrow or Amul-Hazn.”
He went to Taif in the same year to spread Islam but Abu Jahl sent some
scoundrels after him who threw stones at him and he was wounded badly but
inspite of the injuries, he forgave the people of Taif. Despite these persecutions
Holy Prophet (S) remained steadfast in the way of Allah and with constant
support fo Allah he managed to accomplish his goals with span of 22 years and
spread Islam all acorss the Arabia.

 Q Describe the persecution faced by the first Muslims in Makkah.

As Islam grew rapidly, the followers were greatly tortured. Hazrat Bilal (R.A),
who was the slave of Ummaya bin Khalaf used to call „Ahad‟. Allah is One. He
was badly beaten, put in open desert under the scorching heat of the sun and a
huge boulder was put on his chest. He was also dragged in streets of Makkah,
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) bought and freed him.

Ammar bin Yasir was badly beaten but he was saved, on the other hand his
mother Sumaiya was killed by Abu Jahl, she was the first martyr of Islam. Yasir
was later on killed.Zinra, a Roman slave girl was beaten and made blind by her
master. She was closed in a room, where the next day, due to belief in Allah, she
got back her eyesight.

Suhaib Rumi, a scholar was beaten so badly that he became unconscious, he

used to repeat the words what ever was told to him.Khubab-bin-ul-Arat, a
blacksmith was branded by his own tools, his body was burnt badly.

Hazrat Usman (RA) was tied in a mat by his uncle and locked in a room. It was
burnt, his father saved him. The treatment with the other Muslims was also
very bad. Once Saad bin Abi Waqas was trying to protect the Prophet (sw) when
he was struk by a sword. Haris Ibn Abi Hala was killed when he was trying to
protect the Prophet (sw). Bilal (ra) was laid on the hot sand and rock and a
heavy stone was put on his chest. Abu Bakr (ra), a man of a high position, was
beaten so severely that he was about to die. Uthman (ra) was chained by his
uncle because he was not ready to avert.The followers also stayed in Shib-i-Abi
Talib in a boycott for three years with the Holy Prophet (S) in great sufferings.

During these years, Muslims could not worship in Kaaba. They also faced a
business boycott continuously. The persecution was not only physical but also
economic. The poor Muslims were not paid for their hard work. The rich and
settled Muslims like Abu Bakr (ra) had to face non-cooperation in trade. For
example, Makkans used to sell their goods in less than the purchase price in
order to hurt Muslim traders.

Despite all the hardships, they remained steadfast and left behind great legacy
of patience and tolerance for the Muslims generations for the cause of Islam
and Allah.

PART: B

What can Muslims learn from the conduct of early converts during the boycott?

The resilience of the believers, even after the evildoers and those who were
astray tortured and persecuted them, is evidence of the truthfulness of their
faith, the sincerity of their belief and the loftiness of their spirits and souls. They
had comfort in their conscience and tranquility in their souls and minds. Also,
they hoped for Allah's pleasure which was more valuable to them than the
torture, persecution, and deprivation which their bodies sustained. This
conduct has numerous learning for the Muslims of today. The foremost thing is
to learn the value of patience for the sake of Allah’s pleasure. Muslims should
remain steadfast and try to shun pessimism as Allah love those who bare
difficulties with patience.
 5th Year of Prophet hood

(a) Write an account of the first migration (Hijra) of the Muslims to Abbyssinia
(10).

The severity of the persecution, insults, and torturous acts the polytheists
inflicted upon the Muslims continued to increase and worsen each day. For that
reason, one day our Holy Prophet (PBUH) told the Muslims, “You might as well
spread on the face of the Earth. Allah will bring you together once again.”

Upon Holy Prophet‘s (PBUH) advice and permission, the Muslim procession that
constituted ten men and five women left their homeland including, Hazrat
Uthman with his wife Hazrat Ruqyah(daughter of holy prophet (p.b.u.h). Second
group consisted of 79 men and 7 women inclusive of Hz. Jaffar bin Abi Talib,
cousin of Prophet‫ ﷺ‬.

Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “They are the first people to migrate in the cause of Allah after
Hazrat Ibrahim and Hazrat Lut “

When the Meccans came to know of their migration and tried to chase them but
the migrants boarded a boat before Quraish reached the sea, they were very
upset and sent some men after them in pursuit. Still, the Muslims had a long
They formed a deputation under Abdullah bin Rabi and Amr bin A'as, who went
to Abyssinia with handsome presents to persuade the king to deliver the
emigrants into their hands. In due course, this deputation stood in the presence
of the king and listened to their representation. Then he sent for the refugees
and asked them what they had to say.

Jafar, nick-named Taiyar (the flying), the son of Abu Talib and brother of Ali,
acting as spokesman for the Muslims, stood forth and replied, "O'king, we
belong to a people steeped in ignorance. Our fathers and grandfathers
worshipped idols. They oppressed and persecuted the weak and the helpless;
He deputed a man to be his prophet and His messenger. This man spoke to us of
One God and appealed to us to worship no one but Him.
 We listened to his appeal and accepted it. This so angered our countrymen that
these people demanded that we should renounce our new faith and once again
revert to idolatry. We refused to give up our new faith and our enemies refused
to give up their persecutions.

The king was greatly impressed, and returned the gifts brought by the leaders of
Mecca, and said, "I will not hand over to you these innocent men and women
who have come to me for shelter." Nevertheless, the disappointed Meccans hit
upon another plan. Next day, they tried to incite the king, by telling him that the
heretics did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. But in this too their hopes were
frustrated.

King asked them to recite a portion of Quranic verse than Jaffer R.A recited
surah maryam than king was touched.The king picked up a straw and pointing
to it said, "Jesus is in fact not even this much more than the Muslims have
described him to be."

Empty-handed and humbled the deputation from Mecca returned home and the
leaders of Quraish gnashed their teeth in anger.

The Abyssinian emigration gave the Meccans a conclusive proof that the
Muslims were ready to run all risks, and undergo every form of hardship in the
cause of Islam.

PART: B

What was the importance of making this migration at that time? [4]

This migration allowed Muslims to practice their religion freely. Away from birth
place, their feeling of brotherhood strengthened, and they formed a close knit
society which learned how to manage their affairs in the absence of Prophet
SAW. This was so that people learn that Islam, sent to last, was a religion to be
followed as first after Prophet SAW too. First time they stepped out of the
Arabian Peninsula. This aggravated the Quraish as they wanted to curb the
religion in Makah only, and did not want it to spread for their personal gains.
This first political move strengthened Muslim bond of fraternity and the
experience of practicing Islam with peace prepared them for biggest migration
in future i.e. migration to Yathrib.

6-10th Year of Prophethood

1. (a) Take an account of the Boycott of Banu Hashim from 617-619 A.D. 10

(b) What can Muslims learn from the conduct of early converts during the
boycott?

PART A

The acceptance of Islam by Hamza, the prophet’s uncle and Umar son of
Khattab , greatly upset and enraged the Makkans. The Quraish tried their best
to harass the Muslims and make them denounce their faith. In addition to this
Muslims reception in Abyssinia increased Quraish’s apprehensions about the
growth of Islam. The made them insecure and led them to seclude Muslims.

They demanded that the Banu Hashim withdraw their protection from the Holy
Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and hand him over to them or face a complete boycott. This demand
was turned down.

Thus they decided to boycott- which meant that no one from the other tribes of
Makka was allowed to have any dealings with them. Even food had to be
bought in secretly. Terms of the boycott as they are reported include:

• none will marry into the clan

• none will enter into any kind of financial trade with them

• none will keep social ties with them

Banu Hashim was forced to live in a secluded valley, known as Shib Abi Talib, in
the outskirts of Makkah – a property of Abu Talib. Their condition became so
bad that children cried with hunger, adults fed on boiled leather and leaves of
trees and the valley echoed with the cries of helpless people.

These conditions continued for three years, until a few kind hearted men among
the unbelievers moved by pity decided to lift the ban.The Prophet then learned
from Allah that the copy of the pledge placed in the Ka’aba had been eaten by
moths. Only the name of Allah had not been touched. He conveyed this to Abu
Talib, the uncle, who in fact played a key role in bringing him up. He told this to
his brothers. Everyone went to confirm this fact in Haram. The pledge was
brought out, and the Quraish were stunned to see that what the Prophet had
said was right. This incident created a sharp division within the rank and file of
Quraish. Some of them wore protective arms and went to Shebe-Abi-Talib to
invite Banu Hashim to Makkah. They now conceded that they would not be able
to finish off Prophet Mohammad‫ ﷺ‬and his Message.This holds true even today,
provided those espousing the cause of Islam possess the same character and
conviction and remain steadfast before trials and tribulations.

PART B

The resilience of the believers, even after the evildoers and those who were
astray tortured and persecuted them, is evidence of the truthfulness of their
faith, the sincerity of their belief and the loftiness of their spirits and souls. They
had comfort in their conscience and tranquility in their souls and minds. Also,
they hoped for Allah's pleasure which was more valuable to them than the
torture, persecution, and deprivation which their bodies sustained. This
conduct has numerous learning for the Muslims of today. The foremost thing is
to learn the value of patience for the sake of Allah’s pleasure. Muslims should
remain steadfast and try to shun pessimism as Allah love those who bare
difficulties with patience.

2. (a) Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s interaction with the Quraish
while he lived in Makka, before and after revelation.
Prophet Mohammad (saw) was born in Makkah, in the tribe of Quresh in the
family of Banu Hashim. His grand-father and after his death, his uncle Abu talib
became the chief of Banu hashim. This family was responsible for the hospitality
of the pilgrims in Makkah and due to this honour, they enjoyed a very high
respect in Makkah.

The Prophet Mohammad (sw) was also a part of this highly respectable family.
Until the age of twenty-five, he spent his life as a poor man because his uncle,
Abu Talib, had a large family and he also spent most of his income in the service
of pilgrims. When he was twenty-five, he married to Khadija (ra), and invested
her wealth in business and soon, he became a wealthy man and naturally, he
increased his respect in Makkah further. He was a thorough gentleman who was
truthful and honest in his business and other dealings. He was always ready to
help poor and needy. He hated cruelty and bad customs in the Arab society. For
this character, he was highly respected by all people of Makkah and he was
known as Sadiq and Ameen (truthful and trustworthy) by the people of his city.

When Mohammad (saw) received his first Revelation and Allah gave him the
office of Prophet-hood, he started his preaching among his family members and
close friends. He was so reliable a person that no one in his circle of friends
rejected his ideas and they accepted Islam immediately. When he started his
open preaching in Makkah after three years, he started facing severe
persecution and rejection by Makkans. It was not because anything had gone
wrong about his character or his message was wrong, but it was because his
message was challenging the old, rotten system of pagan society.
The pagans were not ready to accept the new system because it was against
their political, traditional and economic interests. The worst kind of persecution
started against the Muslims in Makkah. Many of them had to settle in Abyssinia.
The prophet was offered wealth, luxurious life and power, but he rejected
everything. He and his family had to face a boycott for three years in which the
troubles increased many times. In 619, his wife and uncle passed away. He tried
to settle Muslims in Taif, but he was rejected by those people. In 622, he
received invitation from the city of Yathrib (Madina) and he decided to migrate
there along with the other Muslims. The pagans of Makkah could see the
danger of this migration and for this reason; they decided to kill the Prophet
(saw). However, Allah had decided things in his favour and a new history began
from Madina.

10th Year of Prophet hod (visit to taif)

3. Take an account of Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬preaching in Taif. 10

621AD was the time when the uncle of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, Abu Talib and Khadija
(RA) had passed away. He had lost his support in Makkah because the new chief
of Banu Hashim was Abu Lahab who was deadly against Islam. The persecution
against Muslims became so intense that the Prophet (saw) decided to go to the
town of Taif, 90 km from Makkah. His purpose was to convince the people of
Taif. If they accepted Islam, the Prophet (saw) could move along with his
companions. His adopted son Zaid Bin Harith was with him.

The people of Taif, who used to worship the idol. The city of Taif was dominated
by three brothers(leaders of taif) who not only expelled them with insult but
they also asked the boys of the city and asked them to chase and pelt stones on
both of them.

When he was leaving the city, boys of the city started pelting stones on them.
Both of them were badly injured. The Prophet’s shoes were full of blood. In this
condition, they started running. When they were quite away from the city, the
boys went back.
 Both of them stayed in a garden which belonged to utab who was enemy of
islam but he felt sorry at the condition of prophet (p.b.u.h) . his Christian slave
(Addas)offered them water and grapes. Having taken some rest, they started
their journey to Makkah. The slave asked the Prophet (saw) to curse these
people.

Angel Jibraeel along with the angel of mountains also came to the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
and said that” he had permission from Allah that he had the authority to
destroy the city by crashing mountains”. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬answered that he has
come to humanity as a blessing and not as a curse. He also said that it could be
possible that one day, the coming generations of this city would accept Islam.
He was right. In 9 A.H Taif was conquered and all of them became Muslim.

Isra and mairaj

Question :

A)outline the main events from the prophets night journey and ascension ( al-
isra wal miraj) [10]

10 Year of Prophethood 27 Rajab 620 A.D Isra (Land to Land Journey from
Makkah to Jerusalem) Mairaj (Land to Heavens from Jerusalem to Heavens)

Prophet S.A.W was aggrieved due to recent events. Year of Grief-Loss of Abu
Talib and Hazrat Khadija

Abu Lahab became new chief- tortures increased Rejection at Taif So Allah
decided To take him to heavens to boost his morale
Prophet SAW was asleep In the house of Umme Hani (RA) (Umme Hani Hazrat
Ali's sister) Angel Jibrael came - Woke him up washed his heart- by Zam Zam
Prophet SAW rode Buraq Makkah to Jerusalem Buraq-Flying horse Speed of
Light

Quran says "Glory to Him who carried His servant by night from the sacred
Mosque to the distant Mosque - the precincts of which we have blessed, in
order that We might show him some of Our signs,"
Prophet SAW arrived at Masjid al Aqsa -- In Jerusalem

All the prophets were waiting for him

Everyone was waiting for someone to lead the prayers

Jibrael asked the Prophet S.A.W to come forward

Prophet S.AW led the prayers( then also known as imam ul ambiyia)

Then Angel Jibmel brought two vessels One was filled with milk, the other with
wine ,Prophet SAW chose milk

Angel Jibrael said "You have been guided to the fitrah (nature)."

This part of journey is called Isra

then Prophet SAW was taken to the heavens and skies from here, the second
part of journey began – Mairaj

He was shown Heaven, Hell, Bait-ul-Ma'mur(Bat-ul-Ma'mur Kaabah of Angels

70,000 Angels encompass daily)

Prophet S.A.W was taken to all the 7 heavens

First heaven - Met Hazrat Adam (A.S)

Second heaven - Hazrat Yahya (AS) and Hazrat Isa (AS)

Third heaven-Hazrat Yousaf (A.S)

Fourth heaven --- Hazrat Idrees (AS)

Fifth heaven --- Hazrat Haroon (AS)

Sixth heaven Hazrat Moosa (A.S)

Seventh heaven Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S)

Then Jibrael took Prophet S.A.W to a lotte tree Sidra-tul-Muntaha Beyond which
he could not go --- As his wings would burn

Quran says "Near Sidra-Tul-Muntaha (a Lote-Tree of the utmost boundary over

the seventh haven beyond which no one can pass)."

There Prophet S.A.W spoke to Allah directly

Quran says "And was at a distance of two bows' length or (even) nearer."

Prophet (p.b.u.h) was given three gifts by Allah

 Last 3 verses of surah Baqarah

 50 namaz
 Forgiveness of sins of ummah except shirk
On his way back, he met Hazrat Musa A.S who advised him to have the
prayers reduced prophet (p.b.u.h) went back and prayers were reduced
by 5 on his request This kept happening until the prayers were reduced by
5 again.
Moss still wanted the prayers reduced As his Ummah was given 2 prayers
Still they did not offer but the Prophet SAW replied "I have asked my Lord
till I am ashamed to face Prophet SAW went back to his house neat day he
told this incident to Makkans. They all laughed and made fun of him
Asked for proof and told them details of a carvan Which he had seen on
his way, came out to be true later.
Hazrat Abu Bakr was the first person to believe this incident for this
reason he got the title of siddqiue ( testified of truth)

Why do you think it was important for God to take the Holy Prophet's S.A.W the
journey? (4)

Answer: Prophet (p.b.u.h) had been through a period of difficulty Year of Grief
this event made him realize that God had not left him Allah says: be patient.
Verily ,the promise of Allah is true”
Strengthened him spiritually ,Prepared him for his second period of life which
was about to come.

Status amongst prophets as the seal of the prophets, led them in prayers.

Boosted his morale

One of the main miracles other than the Qur'an.

11th -13th Year of Prophethood:

pledge of Aqaabah

(a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the detail in the
Pledges.[10]
(b) (b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who
move to their areas? [4]

Answer: As number of Muslim in Makkah were not increasing Prophet SAW

turned his attention to other communities, He first went to Taif but was
unsuccessful they truned him out of the city his message was rejected, Then
he shifted his focus on preaching to pilgrimage in Hajj season

First Pledge of Aqabah

In 11 years of Prophethood & people came from Yathrib (Madina) to perform

Hajj at Makkah Prophet SAW invited them to Islam they accepted Islam

When they renamed to Yathaib Spread the news of the event.They also
invited their fellows to the new faith In 12 year of Prophethood a group of 12
people came from Including the 6 people who came last year they all
accepted Islam and took a pledge at the hands of Prophet SAW To Worship
one God Not steal Not commit adultery Nor kill their children ,Not slander
Not disobey the Prophet (SAW) This event is known as First Pledge of Aabah

Prophet SAW said "If you truly comply with these promises, you will have the
right to paradise; but if you fault, you will not have the right to paradise.
Allah may punish you or he may forgive you."
 Prophet SAW sent Hazrat Masab bin Umair and another preacher with them.

Second Pledge of Aqabah

In the 13 year of Prophethood 73 men and 2 women came

Due to Hazrat Masab bin Umair's effort

They had already accepted Islam and took a pledge

To listen and obey the Prophet SA.W

To spend in plenty as well as scarcity in.

To enjoin good and forbid evil.

Feat no one hot Allah

Defending the Prophet S.A.W they also invited the Prophet S.A.W to their
town Abbas -- An uncle of Prophet SA.W→ Explained to them the risks of
having the Prophet S.A.W in their town. But they replied that they had
accepted Islam and invited prophet S.A.W .This event is known as Second
Pledge of Aqabah, After this pledge, Prophet S.A.W advised his followers to
migrate to Madina .

Question: Describe the main events of the 2nd pledges of Aqaba in 13 years of
prophethood [10].

Answer: the Prophet’s mission, many pilgrims from Yathrib

made their way to Makkah, Muslims and pagans alike. The Muslims wanted to

meet with the Prophet and invite him to move to Yathrib. The harassment,

abuse, and fear that overshadowed the Prophet and his followers in Makkah
had dismayed the Muslims of Yathrib, who resolved to offer the Prophet their
loyal protection if he moved there. They arranged a secret meeting with him
late one night at Aqabah after the Hajj.
To keep their meeting a secret from the Makkan pagans, the seventy-three

Muslims from Yathrib sneaked out to Aqabah, some in pairs, some alone, to

make what was to be known as the Second Pledge of Aqabah. All but eleven

were from the Khazraj tribe. Two women were present as well – Nasiba bint

Ka’ab from Banu Najjar and Asma bint Amr from Banu Salamah. The Prophet

was accompanied by his uncle; Abbas bin Abdul Mutallib, who, though not a

Muslim at the time, was concerned about his nephews welfare. Abbas began by

saying, “The Prophet has both security and honor in Makkah. If you cannot

guarantee to protect him in Yathrib, then let him remain in Makkah.” Bara bin

Marur spoke for the Muslims of Yathrib: “We are determined to offer our

loyalty to the Prophet and sacrifice ourselves for him, and we are willing to

make a covenant to this effect.”

The Prophet recited some verses from the Qur’an and had the men from

Yathrib take the following oath: “We will worship none but Allah, and we will

never associate any partner with Him.” “We will obey the Prophet.” “We will

give of our wealth freely in prosperity and in poverty.” “We will counsel others

to do good deeds and instruct them to refrain from evil.” “We will serve Allah,

even when others show contempt.” “We will protect the Prophet as we protect

our women and children. “Additionally, according to Ubada, the Yathrib

Muslims also pledged not to disobey those in authority. Bara bin Manur took

the Prophet’s hand and said, “I swear by the One Who has sent you with the

Truth, we shall certainly protect you as we do our families. By Allah! We are

sons of battle and weapons are our toys. This is what we have inherited from

our ancestors.”

Abul Haytham bin Al-Tayhan then said, “O Prophet! We are bound to our

people by a covenant, and by pledging loyalty to you, we are about to cut off

our old ties. If success comes to you and you conquer Makkah, will you return

to Makkah and then leave us defenseless?” The Prophet smiled and said, “No!

Blood is blood, and destruction is destruction. I am of you, and you are of me. I

will wage war against those who make war upon you, and be at peace with

those who are at peace with you.”

“You know what you are all agreeing to,” Abbas warned. “All of you are

pledging to go to war. So, what will you do if you lose all your wealth and

property, and all your leaders are killed? Will you abandon the Prophet? If so,

let him stay here in Makkah, because if you forsake him it will be a disgrace in

this world and the next. However, if you stand by him even in the face of

destruction, you will find a reward in this world and the next.” The Yathrib

Muslims listened to Abbas and then vowed that they would support the

Prophet no matter how great the risks involved.

Someone then asked the Prophet, “Tell me, O Prophet! What we will get in

exchange for all this?” “Paradise,” the Prophet replied simply. “Give us your

hand,” the people said. Asad bin Zurara then took the Prophet’s hand in his and

addressed the gathering: “O people of Yathrib, after a long journey we have

found the Prophet of God. Taking his hand means incurring the enmity of all the
Arabs, the deaths of our chiefs in his defense, and the clash of swords. If you

are prepared for this, take the Prophet’s hand, and with Allah lies the reward.

If, however, you have any reservations, forsake him now.”

When the Quraish got to know about this allegiance, they held a meeting at
their council hall, Dar-un- Nadwa, where Abu Jahl suggested that they should

assassinate the Prophet SAW. This sinful proposal was unanimously accepted

by all the delegates representing the different clans of Quraish who attended

this meeting
Topical past paper questions

(a) Describe the main events in the Prophet’s life before he was granted
prophethood. [10]

(b) ‘The Prophet’s family was important in preparing him for

prophethood.’ Agree or disagree, giving reasons for your answer. [4]
May/June 2016 (12)

a) Give an account of the Prophet’s life up to the time the revelations

began. [10]

(b) Despite living through the days of ignorance, the Prophet remained
true to his mission. What lessons can Muslims learn from this today?
[4] October/November 2014(11)

(a) Write about the life of the Prophet up until the first revelation. [10]
May/June 2010

(b) Why was his relationship with his wife Khadija important for him?
[4] May/June 2010

(a)How did Islam grow in the years between the Prophet’s first
revelation and his first public preaching in Makka? May/June 2018

b)How can the behaviour of the first converts to Islam provide an

example for Muslims today?

(a) Give an account of the way in which the Prophet started to preach
Islam in the first few years after he began to receive the revelation. [10]
May/June 2015 (12)
(b) Was it significant that the Prophet began preaching the message in
secret? [4] May/June 2015 (12)

a)Outline the difficulties the Prophet faced between receiving his first
revelation and the boycott of Banu Hashim. [10]

b)Why did the people fear the message that the Prophet had brought?
[4] October/November 2015 (12)

(a)Give an account of the persecutions faced by the early converts to

Islam in Makka. [10]

(b) How are these accounts relevant to Muslims now? [4] May/June
2013 ( 41)

(a)The Muslims in Makka faced a lot of hostility after the Prophet began
preaching openly. Describe the persecutions against the followers of
the Prophet at this time. May/June 2017-12

b)In today’s world how practical are the reactions of the Prophet’s
followers to these persecutions?

(a) Describe the events relating to the Prophet’s experiences in caves.

[10] May/June 2010

(b) Explain the significance of one of these experiences for the

development of Islam. [4] May/June 2010

(a) Describe the main difficulties encountered by the Prophet himself

during his time in Makka after his call to prophethood. [10]
October/November 2010
(b) How does his conduct in one of these difficulties provide an example
for Muslims today? [4] October/November 2010

Write about the Prophet’s activities in spreading Islam outside Makka,

before the migration to Madina. [10] October/November 2014(12)

(b) Choose one quality shown by the Prophet in these activities and
explain how Muslims today can learn from it. [4] October/November
2014 (12)

(a) Describe the events of the Prophet’s visit to Ta’if. [10]

(a) The Prophet (pbuh) went to spread Islam in Ta’if. Write about the
background and details of this event. [10] May/June 2020

(b) How can Muslims apply in practice the lessons learnt from the
Prophet’s behaviour in this situation? [4] October/November 2014 (11)

(a)The Prophet went to Ta’if to teach the people there about one God.
Write about his experience of this event. (Oct 2017-12)

(b) The Prophet showed great forgiveness despite the cruelty of the
people of Ta’if. Do you think Muslims now can follow this example?

(a)The Pledges of Aqaba were made in the Prophet’s last years in

Makka. Outline the reasons for these pledges and write about the
details in them. May/June 2017-12

b)In your view, why should Muslims provide a safe haven for others?
Give reasons for your answer.
(a)The Pledges of Aqaba were made in the Prophet’s last years in
Makka. Outline the reasons for these pledges and write about the
details in them.

(b)In your view, why should Muslims provide a safe haven for others?
Give reasons for your answer.

Give an account of the events surrounding the Pledges of ‘Aqaba and

the main details in them. [10] October/November 2012 (12)

b) How were these pledges important for the future community of

Muslims? [4] October/November 2012 (12)

a)Trace the events that led up to the Prophet’s migration (hijra). [10]
NOV 2009

b) Explain the importance of the Pledges of ‘Aqaba to the Prophet in

the period leading up to the migration. [4]

(a) Abu Talib died in 619. Describe the events following this that led to
the Prophet’s migration (hijra) to Madina. [10] May/June 2013 (41)

(b) Why was this migration important for the Muslim community? [4]
May/June 2013 (41)

(a)Trace the events that led up to the Prophet’s migration (hijra). [10]
NOV 2009

(b) Explain the importance of the Pledges of ‘Aqaba to the Prophet in

the period leading up to the migration. [4]

)Outline the Prophet’s experiences in the caves of Hira and Thawr. [10]
October/November 2014 (12)
b)In what respects were the Prophet’s experiences in the cave of Thawr
important for his prophethood? [4] October/November 2014 (12)

(a) Write about the Prophet’s activities in spreading Islam outside

Makka, before the migration to Madina. [10]

(b) Choose one quality shown by the Prophet in these activities and
explain how Muslims today can learn from it.

a)Outline the main events of the Prophet’s journey from Makka to

Madina. [10] October/November 2010

b)What was the significance of this journey for the Muslims? [4]
October/November 2010

(a) Give an account of the hijra of the Prophet from Makka to Madina.
[10]

(b) What is the significance of the Prophet establishing mosques as a

first task after the hijra? [4] May/June 2014 (12)

(a) Write about the events of the first year following the Prophet’s
arrival in Madina. [10]

Holy prophet(p.b.u.h) moral charater

(a)The Qur’an says the Prophet is of “great moral character” (68.4).

Identify events from his life that show a range of his moral
characteristics. [10] October/November 2015 (12)

b) Which of the Prophet’s characteristics you have written about in part

(a) is the most important in your opinion and why? [4]
October/November 2015 (12)

a)Write about events from the Prophet’s (pbuh) life that show his quali
 The Islamic community
Scribes Total scribes: 9
Wives of holy prophet (p.b.u.h) Total wives : 13

Question no 4 and 5

Wives of Holy Prophet pbuh

The domestic life of the Holy Prophet can be divided into four periods.
Upto the age of twenty-five he led a celibate life; from twenty-five to
fifty-four, he lived with one wife, from fifty-four to sixty, he married
several times; and lastly from sixty till his death, he did not contract any
marriage.

If the Prophet had not been a complete master of himself, he could not
have led an exceptionally chaste and pure life till the age of twenty-five.
His worst enemies could not point out a single blot on his character.
According to Muir:

"All authorities agree in ascribing to the youth of Muhammad, a

modesty of deportment and purity of manners rare among the people
of Makkah."

At the age of twenty-five Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) married a widow,

Khadija, fifteen );ears his senior. Thereafter, he led with her a life of
devotion till her death when he was fifty-four years old. After the death
of Hazrat Khadija, he married an elderly lady, Sawdah, who was the
widow of a convert to Islam. Both husband and wife had migrated to
Abyssinia in order to escape from the persecution of the Quraish.

In the third period, he married Aisha, the daughter of his closest friend,
Hazrat Abu Bakr. In the second year of the Hijrat, began the series of
battles with the Quraish and other Arab tribes which reduced. the
number of males among Muslims. These battles continued upto 8 A.H.
It was during this time that the Prophet con¬tracted all the marriages.
He had nine wives living at one time. However, after the Quranic
injunction limiting the number of wives to four was revealed in 8 A.H.,
the Holy Prophet did not marry. If he divorced any of his wives, or if
they became widows, as the majority of them did, they did not re-
marry. Out of respect for the Holy Prophet, they were called 'Mothers
of the Faithful' Ummhat-ul-Muminin.

"His wives are their mothers"; has been stated in the Holy Quran. The
respon¬sibilities and duties of the wives of the Holy Prophet differ from
those of other women. They are unique in honour, respect and dignity.
They are as follows:—

Hazrat Khadija

Hazrat Khadija, also known as Tahira, or the pure was the daughter of
Khuwalid bin Asad and Fatima bint Za'idah. She came of a noble and
prosperous Quraish family. Her father who was a successful
businessman and a chief of his family had left her a large fortune. She
had been married to Abu Hala bin Zurarah and was the mother of two
sons i.e., Hala and Hind. As such Khadija was also known as Umm- e-
Hind. After the death 'of her first husband, she was married to Ateeq
bin Aidh Makhzumi, who died leaving her a widow again. She had a
daughter from him who was named Hindah.
After the death of her father in the battle of Fijar, Khadija needed the
services of an honest person to manage her trade. At that time,
Muhammad (pbuh) who was twenty-two years of age commanded high
respect and enjoyed the complete confidence of his community. He had
the reputation of being honest and extremely trustworthy. That is why
he was known as Al-Amin or the Trustworthy. He was recommended as
a suitable choice by several notable people of Makkah. His very first
expedition to Syria, in which he was accompanied by Khadija's slave,
Maisra was very successful. His subsequent undertakings were of an
equally fruitful nature. As a result, Khadija prospered in her business.

With the passage of time, her admiration for Muhammad (pbuh)

developed into a deeper affection and she sent him a proposal of
marriage which was accepted after consultation with the elders of the
family. At the time of their marriage, Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) was
twenty-five years old, while Hazrat Khadija was forty years of age.

The marriage proved to be a very happy one Hazrat Khadija adored her
husband and placed all her wealth at his disposal. She was the first to
declare her faith in Islam, thus gaining the honor of being the first
convert to the faith of Islam and the first to abandon the idolatrous
creed of her forefathers. She was the only wife of the Holy Prophet to
have borne in full the persecution and hardships inflicted by the
Quraish of Makkah from the time of the declaration of his Prophethood
till her death. The Holy Prophet did not marry again as long as Hazrat
Khadija lived. She bore him two sons and four daughters. Both the sons
died in infancy. Of the daughters, only the youngest, Fatima, survived
to see the great events of her father's life.
Hazrat Khadija died in the 10th year of Prophethood on 11th Ramazan,
three years before Hijrat. She was then sixty-five. She was buried at
Makkah. Her death was a terrible loss to the Holy Prophet. From the
beginning she had stood faithfully by him. Whenever he was depressed,
she consoled him and inspired him with renewed hope and courage.

The Holy Prophet's love and gratitude for Hazrat Khadija was so great
that Hazrat Aisha, the young wife of the Prophet whom he married
after the death of Khadija became jealous. One day, Hazrat Khadija's
sister Hala whose voice sounded exactly like Hazrat Khadija's, came to
visit the Prophet. As soon as he heard the familiar voice, he said:

"It must be Hala; her voice is just like that of Khadija."

Hazrat Aisha who was with the Prophet burst forth,

"How is it that you always think of the old 1.t.oman who is no more
living when Allah has given you much better wives."

"Never better," replied the Holy Prophet PBUH

., She hailed my mission at a time when everyone was against it

and supported

me when there was hardly a believer How can l forget her?"

On another occasion, he said: "Aisha! Khadija's love was given to me by

Allah; never did Allah give me a better wife than Khadija."

It is a historical fact that Hazrat Khadija was of immense help and

strength to the • cause of Islam. It is said by Ibn-e-Hashim that she was
a true counselor of the Holy Prophet of Islam. There are a number of
traditions praising Hazrat Khadija. According to Bukhari and Muslim:
"The noblest women of the world are Hazrat Mariam and Hazrat
Khadija."

Hazrat Sawdah

The death of Hazrat Khadija left the Prophet gloomy and inconsolable.
He had to look after the children and attend to the household chores
which caused a hindrance in his Prophetic mission. His Companions felt
his sorrow and worry and desired that he should re-marry. Hazrat
Khawla bint Hakeem, wife of Hazrat Usman bint Ma' zoon proposed the
name of Sawdah bint Zama'ah, one of the earliest con¬verts to Islam.
She had been married to Sakran bin Amr, also a convert to Islam. She
had migrated to Abyssinia along with her husband, but had returned to
Makkah about the time of Khadija's death. After sometime, her
husband died, leaving her a widow with one son. As she was the only
Muslim in her family which had turned against her, she-needed help
and protection.

When the matter was brought to the notice of the Holy Prophet, he
decided to marry her and bring her under his protection. In marrying
this lady, the Prophet had the consideration that an early convert to
Islam may be helped and honored. Hazrat Sawdah was extremely
devoted to the Prophet. She led a very simple and pious life. Later on,
when the Prophet married Aisha, the young daughter of Hazrat Abu
Bakr, Sawdah loved her and attended to all her needs. Afterward, when
the Prophet divided his time equally among all his wives according to
the command of justice enjoined by the Holy Quran, Hazrat Sawdah
gave up her turn in favor of Hazrat Aisha. She migrated to Madinah in
the first year of the Hrjrat. Her dwelling and Hazrat Aisha's were the
first to be built in the mosque.

The Prophet loved her for her piety as well as simplicity. She was of a
meek and humble nature as well as kind and affectionate. Holy Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) referred to her as the most charitable and generous
of his wives. She is distinguished for her sense of duty and obedience.
On the eve of the last pilgrimage, the Holy Prophet enjoined his wives
to remain in retirement after his death. Hazrat Sawdah followed this
directive so much so that she never left her house even for Haj and
Umra.

She was a devout person and was very punctual about her hours of
prayers. She would get up for her prayers with the Prophet before
dawn and remain absorbed in her devotion tilt after sunrise.

She died in the 22nd year of the Hijrat towards the end of the Khilafat
of Hazrat Umar. She was buried in Jannat-al-Baqi, the graveyard where
those close to the Holy Prophet were buried. Five traditions are said to
be narrated by her.

Hazrat Aisha

Shortly before his migration to Madinah, the Holy Prophet married

Hazrat Aisha. It was her first marriage. She was the daughter of Hazrat
Abu Bakr, the most intimate Companion of the Holy Prophet and the
first Khalifa of Islam. She was also known by the titles of Humaira and
Umm-e-Abdullah.
Hazrat Aisha was married to the Holy Prophet ten years after he
received the first revelation. At the time of the death of the Holy
Prophet, she was twenty-five years old. Since the wives of the Holy
Prophet were forbidden by a Divine Order to re-marry, she spent the
remaining forty-eight years of her life as a widow, preaching and
propagating the message of the Holy Quran and Hadis.

Hazrat Umar succeeded Hazrat Abu Bakr as the Khalifa. He respected

Hazrat Aisha very much. She herself acknowledges this in these words:

"Ibn-e-Khattab has done me great favors after the death of the Holy
Prophet."

Hazrat Umar had fixed an annual allowance of ten thousand dirhams

for each wife of the Holy Prophet; but in the case of Hazrat Aisha, the
amount was fixed at twelve thousand dirhams. This was so, because
she was very close to the Holy Prophet.

On 17th Ramazan 58 A.H., towards the end of the Khilafat of Muawiya,

Hazrat Aisha died at the age of seventy-three. According to her will, she
was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi in Madinah.

Her place as interpreter of religious issues and as a jurist of Sunnah and

Shariat is very high. Imam Zuhri, a leading jurist says:

"Hazrat Aisha was the most learned person among the people. Senior
and learned companions used to consult her"

Abu Musa Ashari said:

"We never faced any difficulty on which, when we enquired from Aisha
we did not get information relating to it."
Umar bin Zubair Says:

"Aisha was the most scholarly person of her time in Quran,

fundamentals of religion, fiqh, poetry, medicine, Arabian history and
genealogy and discrimation between lawful and unlawful things."

Thus Hazrat Aisha was far ahead in knowledge of Islam, not just over
the other wives of the Prophet or other women, but except for a few
eminent men, even over the Companions of the Prophet as testified, by
Imam Zuhri:

"If the knowledge of all men and the wives of the Prophet were put
together, the knowledge of Aisha would exceed it all."

Hazrat Aisha is ranked among the prominent Companions of the Holy

Prophet.

She used to convey decisions on religious matters even during the days
of the first three Khalifas. About her intelligence and good judgement,
Miss Nabia Abbot, an American writer and a teacher at the University
of Chicago says that she stands shoulder to shoulder with eminent
jurists of her time like Hazrat Abu Huraira, Ibn¬e-Umar and Ibn-e-
Abbas. Her memory was excellent and she had memorized several
thousand traditions.

As a wife of the Holy Prophet, she had a privileged position and she
enjoyed constant companionship with her husband. As such, her
knowledge of the meaning of the Holy Quran and the traditions and
practices of the Holy Prophet was better than many others. She is the
pioneer of devising a system of coordination of the Holy Quran and the
Sunnah.

In Islamic jurisprudence or Fiqa, the interpretation of the Holy Quran

and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, eminent jurists and theologians of
Islam, like Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Bukhari followed the principles
laid down by Hazrat Aisha. This privilege gave her first place among the
traditionists of Islam. She never accepted a Hadis which conflicted with
the Holy Quran. She is one of the most authentic sources of traditions.
As many as two thousand, two hundred and ten traditions are reported
by her. Her apartment was chosen for the distinction of being made the
everlasting resting place of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Aisha lived in the
same apartment till her death.

Hazrat Aisha was a very pious and God-fearing lady. Apart from the five
obligatory prayers, she would offer extra prayers as well. She fasted
very often and was particular about the pilgrimage. She would often
purchase slaves in order to free them.

Hazrat Hafsa

Hazrat Hafsa was the daughter of the second Khalifa, Hazrat Umar bin
Khattab.. She was born five years before the prophethood. She was first
married to Khunais, son of Huzaifa. Hafsa became a Muslim along with
her parents and her husband. He was among those who had migrated
to Abyssinia. Later, both Hafsa and her husband migrated to Madinah,
Khunais took part in the Battle of Badr in which he was martyred,
leaving no issue.
After the prescribed period of iddat was over, the Holy Prophet
expressed his desire to marry Hazrat Hafsa with a view to strengthening
his ties with Hazrat Umar and his tribe.

Hafsa died in the month of Shahan 45 A.H., during the Khilafat of

Muawiya. Before her death, she asked her brother Abdullah bin Umar
to distribute her property to the poor and needy. She had no issues.

Her knowledge of religious matters was very sound. Her thirst for
knowledge ranks second to Hazrat Aisha. She spent much of her time in
reading and writing. The Holy Prophet had instructed her in religion and
other related topics. As a result she became a teacher, guide and an
authority on complicated matters. At least, sixty traditions have been
quoted by her, which she heard from the Holy Prophet and her father,
Hazrat Umar. She was an extremely religious lady, known for her
devotion to prayer and fasting.

She was also the custodian of the original copy of the Holy Quran
compiled by zaid bin Sabit under orders from Khalifa, Abu Bakr. This
script first remained in the custody of Khalifa Abu Bakr. After his death,
it passed into the possession of Hazrat Umar who finally bequeathed it
to Hazrat Hafsa for safe custody. This copy subsequently became the
authentic. version of the Holy Quran.

Hazrat Zainab bint Khuzaimah

She was the daughter of Khuzaimah bin Abdullah. She was first married
to Abdullah bin Jahsh who was martyred in the Battle of Uhad. After her
widowhood, she was leading a life of poverty. Some persons offered to
marry her, but for some reason or the other, she rejected these offers.
Considering the services rendered by her late husband, Holy PrOphet
proposed to her. Hazrat Zainab accepted this offer and they were
married in the month of ramazan, 3 A.H. But her companionship with
the Prophet proved very short. Site died within three months after her
marriage and was buried in Jannat-tul Baqi.

The Prophet offered her funeral prayers himself in accordance with the
Quranic order. It may be of interest to add that when Hazrat Khadija
died, the Holy Prophet had not received any revelation on this point. At
the time of her death, Hazrat Zainab was thirty years old.

Hazrat Zainab was a very kind lady, ever ready to help the poor and the
needy, even at the cost of her own needs. No poor person ever
returned empty-handed from her house. For this reason, she was called
Umm-ul-Masakin, the mother of the. poor". She was courteous and
well-mannered and generous, she had no parallel.

Hazrat Uinm-e-Salainah

Her real name was Hind bint Ali Umayya ibn Mughira. She was from the
house of Makhzoom, a tribe of the Quraish. Her father was the leader
of his tribe who had "taken part in the Battles of Badr and Uhad. He
was a rich and generous personality of Makkah. Thus, she was born and
brought up in great luxury and comfort.

She was popularly known by the name of Umm-e-Salamah because of

her son Salamah from her first husband Abdullah bin Asad. She
embraced Islam with her husband and is considered to have been one
of the earliest Musi;ms. She first migrated to Abyssinia with her
husband. From there she, came to Makkah. From Makkah, she
migrated to Madinah. Thus, she had the distinction of being the first
Muslim woman to migrate to Madinah. In Madinah, her stay with her
husband was short-

In the Battle of Uhad, her husband received injuries which proved fatal.
After about only eight months' stay with his wife, he died.

After the completion of Iddat, the waiting period, the Holy Prophet
proposed to' marry her. She accepted the offer and they were married
in the year 4 A.H.

She outlived all the wives of the Holy Prophet. She died in 63 A.H. at the
age of eighty-four. Hazrat Abu Hurairah led the funeral prayers and she
was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Among the wives of the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Umm-e-Salamah was

second only to Hazrat Aisha in learning. She was very keen to learn
traditions. She has quoted a numbers of traditions on the authority of
her first husband Abu Salamah, Hazrat Fatima and the Holy Prophet
himself. Besides, several authors have quoted tradi¬tions on her
authority. As a historian says,

"The wives of the Prophet were treasuries of Hadis, but Aisha and
Umm-e¬Salamah had no equal."

She is the narrator of three hundred and seventy-eight Ahadis.

Hazrat Umm-e-Salamah was very modest and generous. She used to

lead a simple and pious life. She had intense love for the Holy Prophet
and was extremely de¬voted to him.

Hazrat Umm-e-Salami h was an impressive reader of the Holy Quran

and her style of recitation was identical with that of the Holy Prophet.
Hazrat Zainab hint Jahsh

She was the daughter of Umaima bint Abdul Muttalib and was
therefore one of the first cousins of the Prophet. She was one of the
early converts to Islam. Her original name was Barra which the Prophet
changed when she embraced Islam.

In 3 A.H., she was married to Zaid bin Haris, the freed slave of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), and also his adopted son. The people of
her family were against this match and were not willing to give her in
marriage to a freed slave. But since Islam laid down piety as the only
criterion for honour and Hazrat Zaid was an extremely pious man, the
Holy Prophet did not hesitate to offer his cousin in mar¬riage to him.

When the Prophet first sent her a proposal on behalf of Zaid, she
refused. She said that she did not like Zaid for he was a freed slave. Her
brother Abdullah bin Jahsh supported her in her refusal to marry Zaid.
But as the Prophet loved Zaid and regarded him as his son, he insisted
that the offer must be accepted. Thereupon, Zainab and her brother
agreed and she was married to Zaid. But within a year or so, he found it
difficult to maintain his relationship with her and he divorced her.

After the period of waiting was over, the Prophet sent her a proposal of
marriage. Zainab replied that she could not give any reply without
consulting Allah. Meanwhile, the Holy Prophet received the following
revelation:

"Then when Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her, We rejoined
herin marriage to thee (33: 37)

This Divine order completed the marriage formalities.

She died at the age of fifty-three in the year 20 A.H., during the Khilafat
of Hazrat Umar. At the time of her death, she left only her residential
house as legacy, because whatever was received by her was distributed
among the poor. This house was later on purchased for 50,000 dirhams
by the Umayyad Khalifa, Walid bin Abdul Malik, for the extension of the
Holy Prophet's mosque. Hazrat Umar led her funeral prayers. She was
also buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

There are many reports about her piety. According to Hazrat Aisha:

"In the eyes of Allah's messenger, only Zainab competes with me in

honor and dignity — I have not seen any woman more religious, pious,
truthful, generous, charitable or engaged in the pleasure of Allah than
Zainab."

Hazrat Zainab was very particular about her prayers and fasts. She was
extremely generous. She used to earn her living herself and would
spend her money on the poor. When she died, the poor people of
Madinah were shocked and disturbed because they had lost a patron
and, a benefactor.

The Holy Prophet had foretold that among his wives the one with a long
hand would meet him in heaven first. By "long hand" he meant
benevolence. This prophecy came true after the death of Hazrat Zainab
who was the most generous of the Prophet's wives and who was the
first one from amongst his wives to die after his death.

Hazrat Jawairiyah bint Haris

In the 5th Hijri, the tribe of Banu Mustaliq, headed by its chief Haris,
attacked the Muslims. They were defeated. Some of their men were
killed and their women and children made captives. Among them was
Jawairiyah bint Haris, then known as Barra bint Haris. When the
Prophet distributed the captives amongst Muslim soldiers, she fell to
the lot of Sabit bin Qais. She requested him to release her on the
payment of ransom. To raise the money, she approached the Holy
Prophet who told her that he was ready to pay her ransom and marry
her if she liked. She agreed to this proposal. So, the Holy Prophet paid
the amount of ransom and married her. As a result of this marriage, all
the prisoners of war numbering about six hundred were freed by the
Muslims. The reason was they did not like that any member of the
family in which the Holy Prophet was married, be made a slave. Thus,
Hazrat Jawairiyah is that fortunate lady who, not only secured an
honourable place for herself, but helped to free six hundred of her
kinsmen: After her marriage, the Holy Prophet changed her name to
Jawairiyah.

She died at the age of sixty-five during the reign of Muawiya. She was
also buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi. She was very religious-minded and spent
much of her time in prayers. According to traditions, the Holy Prophet
almost always found her busy in prayers. She also fasted very often.
Hazrat Jawairiyah was a woman of great learning. A number of
traditions have been quoted by eminent traditionists on her authority.

Hazrat Umm-e-Habibah
Her name was Ramlah. She was the daughter of Abu Sufyan. She was
first married to Ubaidullah bin Jahsh. She embraced Islam along with
her husband. Both of theni migrated to Abyssinia where she gave birth
to a daughter named Habibah, Thus, she came to be known as Umm-e-
Habibah.

In Abyssinia, when her husband converted to Christianity, Umm-e-

Habibah, being a good Muslims, left him.

At the end of Iddat, the prescribed period of waiting, the Holy Prophet
sent her a proposal of marriage. According to Sahih Muslim, the people
of Madinah, requested the Holy Prophet to marry her in order to
resettle her. This was also to save her from falling into the hands of her
father, Abu Sufyan, who was at that time one of the bitterest enemies
of Islam.

Hazrat Umm-e-Habibah was very pleased on receiving this proposal of

marriage. She was married to the Holy Prophet in the sixth or seventh
year of the Hijrat.

She died at the age of seventy-three in 44 A.H., during the reign of her
brother Muawiya.

Hazrat Umth-e-Habibah was a staunch believer in the tenets of Islam.

She strictly followed the injunctions laid down by the Holy Prophet and
urged others to follow them. She looked after the widows and the
orphans. She was a devoted and loving wife of the Holy Prophet. She is
the narrator of sixty-five traditions.

When Hazrat Usman, the third Khalifa of Islam, was besieged in his
house by the rebels and his family members had no food or water for
several days, she tried to take water for the besieged persons. But the
rebels stopped her from entering the house.

Among all the wives of the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Umm-e-Habibah

suffered a lot for the cause of Islam: She was born in the house of a
tribal chief. Yet she gladly underwent all the sufferings for the sake of
her faith. She left her country and went to a foreign land for the cause
of Islam, and when her husband deserted her and left her alone in an
alien land, she stood firm and bore all the problems patiently. In the
end, Allah rewarded her for her piety and steadfastness when the Holy
Prophet married her.

Hazrat Saliyah

Her real name was Zainab. She was born in Madinah. She belonged to
the Jewish tribe of Banu Nazir. When this tribe was expelled from
Madinah, her father, Huyaiy, was one of those who settled in Khyber,
along with Kinana bin Rabi, to whom Safiyah was married a little before
the Muslims attacked Khyber. She had formerly been the wife of Salam
bin Mishkam who had divorced her.

On the third day of the war, Khyber fell and the captives were brought
before the Holy Prophet. Among them was Safiyah. The Prophet gave
orders that she should be seated behind him and threw his mantle over
her as a sign that he had decided to marry her. On the way back to
Madinah, the Holy Prophet married her. After the marriage, she was
given the-name of $afiyah.

She died at the age of sixty and was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

She was sober and patient by nature, very generous and open handed.
She was kind and sympathetic. In 35 A.H., when Hazrat Usman was
besieged in his house by the rebels, who had stopped supplies of food
and water to him, she went to his house with some food and water.
However, the rebels did not allow her to go inside the house. She
returned and deputed Imam Hassan, the grandson of the Holy Prophet
to take food and water to Hazrat Usman.

All historians are unanimous in acclaiming her as a storehouse of

knowledge. All those in search of knowledge and wisdom would go to
her. Allama Abdul Birr says:

"Hazrat Safiyah was full of wisdom and learning."

Ibne-e-Aseer remarks:

"She was a wise and intelligent woman. A number of traditions have

been quoted from her."

Hazrat Maimunah

Her original name was Barra. She was from the tribe of Quraish. She
was the sister-in-law of Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, an uncle of the Holy
Prophet. She was first married to Masud bin Amr. After her divorce
from her husband she re-married. Her second husband, Abu Rahim bin
Abdullah Uzza died, after which she lived as a widow in Makkah. On the
initiative of Hazrat Abbas, the Holy Prophet sent her a proposal of
marriage which was accepted. The marriage took place in 7 A.H. After
her marriage, she was given the name Maimunah, which means the
blessed one. She was named Maimunah because she was married to
the Holy Prophet, at a time when he and his followers were able to
enter Makkah after years of exile.

Hazrat Aisha is said to have remarked:

"Maimunah was very God-fearing and had great regard for the rights of
her kith and kin."

She was fond of freeing slaves. She was very pious and humble. The
Holy Prophet called her a 'Symbol of Goodness'. Forty-six traditions are
quoted from her, which show her knowledge and understanding of
complicated problems of religion.

She died in 51 A.H. at the same place where she had been married to
the Holy Prophet. Abdullah bin Abbas led her funeral prayers.
According to Ibn Sa'ad, she died in 61 A.H. during the Khilafat of Yazid.

Hazrat Rehana bint Sham'oon

Hazrat Rehana bint Sham'oon belonged to the well-known Jewish tribe

of Banu Quraiza. In 6 A.H., when Muslims captured this place, Hazrat
Rehana was brought as a prisoner of war. According to some reports,
she.was freed by the Prophet who offered to marry her if she accepted
Islam. She agreed and thereafter the Holy Prophet married her.

She died ten years after the death of the Holy Prophet.

Hazrat Maria Qibtia

After the treaty of Hudaibiya, the Holy Prophet sent letters to a number
of kings and chiefs inviting them to accept Islam. He sent one such
letter with one of his Companions to the chief of Egypt. Although, that
chief did not accept Islam, he received the messenger warmly and sent
a number of presents to the Holy Prophet. In accordance with the
prevailing custom, he sent Hazrat Maria as a present to the Holy
Prophet. She embraced Islam before reaching Madinah. Later the
Prophet married her. After giving birth to the Holy Prophet's son,
Ibrahim, she rose in es¬teem and position among the wives of the Holy
Prophet.

Hazrat Maria was pious and religious-minded. She came from a

respectable family. She was the second lady, after Hazrat Khadija, to
have the honor of becoming the mother of the Holy Prophet's son.
Towards the end of his life, the Holy Prophet had to suffer the shock of
the death of his son, Ibrahim, which caused him immense pain and
sorrow.

Hazrat Maria's death took place five years after the death of her son.
She was also buried in Jarmat-ul-Baqi. She was greatly respected by the
first two Khalifas of Islam, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Umar. Her
pension was granted by them which continued to be paid to her
relatives even after her death.
 Scribes:

1: zaid bin thabit

2: ubai bin kaab

3: uthman bin affan

4: Ali bin abi talib

5: zubair bin Al Awwan

6: talha bin ubaidullah

7:saad bin abi waqas

8: Abdur rahman bin Awf

9: Abu ubaidah bin al- jarrah

Topical questions:

(a) Write briefly about the tasks carried out by the Scribes of the
revelation at the time of the Prophet.[10]

(a)Outline the tasks performed by the Prophet’s scribes during his

lifetime.[10]

(a) Write about the life of the Prophet Muhammad’s first wife Khadija.
[10]

(b) Taking two aspects of their relationship, explain how the marriage
of the Prophet and Khadija sets a good example for Muslim marriages
today? [4]

(a) Write about the Prophet’s wife Aisha during the lifetime of the
Prophet. [10]

(b) ‘Aisha is a role model for Muslim women around the world.’ Say
whether you agree or disagree with this statement, giving reasons for
your answer. [4] May/June 2015 (12)

(a)Write about the life of Aishaduring the Prophet’s lifetime. [10]

October/November 2011

b)How can she be seen as a role model for Muslims now? [4]
October/November 2011

Write about the lives of any two of the following wives of the Prophet:
Sawda bint Zama’a, Aisha bint Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint ‘Umar and Umm
Salama. [10] October/November 2012 (12)
b)What can the life of any one of these wives teach Muslims about
marriage? [4] October/November 2012 (12)

A)Write about the lives of two of the Prophet’s wives whom he married
after the death of Khadija. [10] October/November 2015 (12)

(b) “The best of you is the one best to his wife.” Explain what the
Prophet meant by this statement and how it is relevant to Muslims
now. [4] October/November 2015 (12)