Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Department of Mathematics
MA102 - Linear Algebra and Integral Transforms
and Special Functions
Second Semester of Academic Year 2023-24
Tutorial sheet -4
1. Let V be
a vector space defined asV = M2×2 (R)
over the field
R. Let
a b 0 a
W1 = ∈ V ; a, b, c ∈ R and W2 = ∈ V ; a, b ∈ R . Prove that
c a −a b
W1 and W2 are subspaces of V and find the dimension of W1 , W2 , W1 + W2 and W1 ∩ W2 .
2. Let W1 and W2 be subspaces of a vector space V (R) having dimensions m and n, respec-
tively, where m ≤ n.
(a) Prove that dim(W1 ∩ W2 ) ≤ m.
(b) Prove that dim(W1 + W2 ) ≤ m + n.
3. Let M4 (R) be the space of all (4 × 4) matrices over the field R. Let
X
W = (aij ) ∈ M4 (R)| aij = 0, k = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,
i+j=k
then find the dim(W ).
4. Suppose U and W are both five-dimensional subspaces of R9 (R). Prove that U ∩ W ̸={0}.
5. Suppose that U and W are both four-dimensional subspaces of C6 (C). Prove that there
exist two vectors in U ∩ W such that neither of these vectors is scalar multiple of other.
6. Suppose V is a finite-dimensional vector space over the field R with dim(V ) = n ≥ 1.
Prove that there exist 1-dimensional subspaces U1 , . . . Un of V such that
V = U1 ⊕ · · · ⊕ Un .
7. Determine which of the following mappings are linear transformation.
x
3 2 xy
(a) T : R (R) → R (R), T y =
.
yz
z
x x+1
(b) T : R3 (R) → R3 (R), T y = y .
z z
(c) Transpose mapping T : Rm×n (R) → Rn×m (R), T (A) = AT .
(d) Trace mapping tr : Rn×n (R) → R(R), tr(A) = trace(A).
(e) The evaluation mapping εu : R[x](R) → R(R), u ∈ R, defined by εu (a0 + a1 x + · · · + an xn ) =
a0 + a1 u + · · · + an un , where R[x] is the space of all polynomials over R.
8. Find out whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) The differential mapping D : C 1 (I) → C 0 (I), defined by D(f (x)) = f ′ (x) is injective,
where I is an open interval in R, C 1 (I) is the space of all continuously differentiable
functions on I and C 0 (I) is the space of all continuous functions on I.
1
(b) The evaluation mapping is surjective.
(c) The trace mapping is injective but not surjective.
9. Find Null space and Range space of the following
mappings.
x1 0
. x1
n n
. x2
(a) S: R (R) → R (R) such that S
= .
.
xn−1 .
xn xn−1
x1 x1
. x2 − x1
n n
. .
(b) T : R (R) → R (R) such that T =
.
.
xn−1 .
xn xn − xn−1
10. Let T be a linear operator on a vector space V (R). Let v ∈ V and let m be a positive
integer such that T m v = 0 and T m−1 v ̸= 0. Then show that v, T v, . . . , T m−1 v are linearly
independent.
11. Let T : R2 (R) → R2 (R) is a map, first reflects this map through x-axis and then reflects
through the line y = x. Find the mapping T .
12. Find a 2 × 2 singular matrix B that maps (1, 1)T to (1, 3)T .
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