[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
13 views3 pages

Introduction To Integration

Integration is a mathematical process used to find areas, volumes, and other useful quantities by summing slices of a function. It involves the concept of the integral symbol and the constant of integration, which accounts for multiple functions having the same derivative. Historically, integration has applications in various fields, including architecture and physics, with foundational contributions from figures like Archimedes, Gauss, Leibniz, and Newton.

Uploaded by

5ssnr4d9gy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views3 pages

Introduction To Integration

Integration is a mathematical process used to find areas, volumes, and other useful quantities by summing slices of a function. It involves the concept of the integral symbol and the constant of integration, which accounts for multiple functions having the same derivative. Historically, integration has applications in various fields, including architecture and physics, with foundational contributions from figures like Archimedes, Gauss, Leibniz, and Newton.

Uploaded by

5ssnr4d9gy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION

INTEGRATION
●​ A way of adding slices to find the
whole.
●​ Can be used to find areas, volumes,
central points and many useful
things. But it is easiest to start with
finding the area between a function ●​ But we don't have to add
and the x-axis like this: them up, as there is a
"shortcut", because finding
an Integral is the reverse of
finding a Derivative.

EXAMPLE:
SLICES
●​ We could calculate the function at a
few points and add up slices of width
Δx like this (but the answer won't be
very accurate):

Confirmed
by calculating the area.

Area of triangle= ½ (base)(height) =½


(x)(2x)=x2
●​ We can make Δx a lot smaller and
add up many small slices(answer is
NOTATION
getting better):
●​ The symbol for "Integral" is a stylish
"S" (for "Sum", the idea of summing
slices):

●​ as the slices approach zero in width,


the answer approaches the true
answer.
●​ We now write dx to mean the Δx
slices are approaching zero in width.
●​ After the Integral Symbol we put the
function we want to find the integral
of (called the Integrand), and then
finish with dx to mean the slices go HOW INTEGRATION APPLIES TO THE
in the x direction (and approach zero REAL WORLD
in width). ●​ Integration was used to design the
●​ This is how to write the answer: Petronas Towers making it stronger.

PLUS C

●​ We wrote the answer as x2 but why


+C ?
●​ Many differential equations were
●​ It is the "Constant of Integration". It
used in the designing of the Sydney
is there because of all the functions
Opera House
whose derivative is 2x:
●​ Finding the volume of wine casks
was one of the first uses of
integration

●​ Finding areas under curved


surfaces, Centres of mass,
displacement and Velocity, and fluid
HISTORY OF INTEGRATION
flow are other uses of integration.
●​ Archimedes is the founder of surface
areas and volumes of solids such as
the sphere and the cone. His
integration method was very modern
since he did not have algebra, or the
decimal representation of numbers
●​ Gauss was the first to make graphs
of integrals, and with others
INTEGRATION - The process of evaluating
continued to apply integrals in the an indefinite integral or a definite integral
mathematical and physical sciences.
●​ Leibniz and Newton discovered INDEFINITE INTEGRAL ∫f(x)dx is defined
calculus and found that
as a function g such that its derivative Dx
differentiation and integration undo [g(x)]=f(x).
each other. ●​ Involves an arbitrary constant; for
instance,x2 dx= x3 + c
●​ The arbitrary constant c is called a
constant of integration.
𝑏
DEFINITE INTEGRAL ∫ f(x)dx is a number
𝑎
whose value depends on the function f and
the numbers a and b, and it is defined as
the limit of a Riemann sum.

ANTIDERIVATIVES
Discovery of Power Rule for Antiderivatives

Antiderivatives & Indefinite Integrals


●​ The antidifferentiation process is
also called integration.

You might also like