Basic Interview Questions for ECE Students
What is modulation? Why is it necessary?
Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal in accordance with the message signal. It is necessary to
reduce antenna size, avoid interference, allow multiplexing, and improve signal strength over long distances.
What are the differences between analog and digital signals?
Analog signals are continuous and vary smoothly, while digital signals are discrete and have only two levels:
0 and 1. Digital signals are less prone to noise and are easier to process and store.
Explain the working of a diode.
A diode allows current to flow in one direction only. It conducts when forward-biased and blocks current when
reverse-biased.
What is a transistor? Types and uses?
A transistor is a semiconductor device used for amplification or switching. Types include BJT and FET. It is
widely used in amplifiers, oscillators, and digital circuits.
What is the difference between a microprocessor and a microcontroller?
A microprocessor is CPU-based and requires external components like RAM and ROM, while a
microcontroller has a CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports embedded on a single chip.
What is the difference between time and frequency domain?
The time domain represents how a signal changes over time, while the frequency domain shows how much
of the signal lies within each frequency band.
Basic Interview Questions for ECE Students
Explain sampling theorem.
According to the Nyquist Sampling Theorem, a signal can be completely reconstructed if it is sampled at a
rate at least twice its maximum frequency.
What is bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the range of frequencies that a communication channel can transmit. Higher bandwidth means
higher data transmission rates.
What is noise? How is it minimized?
Noise is unwanted electrical signals that interfere with the desired signal. It is minimized using filters,
shielding, error detection/correction, and modulation techniques.
What is an antenna?
An antenna is a device that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves. It converts electrical signals into
radio waves and vice versa.
What is Ohm's Law?
Ohm's Law states that V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
What are passive and active components?
Passive components cannot amplify signals (e.g., resistor, capacitor, inductor). Active components can
amplify signals (e.g., transistor, op-amp, diode).
Basic Interview Questions for ECE Students
What is the use of an operational amplifier (Op-Amp)?
Op-Amps are used for signal amplification, filtering, summing, integration, and in analog computing circuits.
What is feedback in electronics?
Feedback is the process of returning a portion of the output to the input. Positive feedback increases gain,
while negative feedback stabilizes the system.
What is the function of a capacitor and inductor in a circuit?
Capacitor stores energy in the electric field; blocks DC and passes AC. Inductor stores energy in the
magnetic field; blocks AC and passes DC.
