Class 9 Chapter 2 – Is Matter Around Us Pure Important Questions with

Answers

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to

separate the following mixtures.

(1) Mercury and water

(2) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride

(3) Common salt, water and sand

(4) Kerosene oil, water and salt

Answer:

S.
No. Mixture Separation Technique

1. Mercury and water Decantation

Potassium chloride and ammonium

2. chloride Sublimation

Filtration and
3. Common salt, water and sand evaporation

Decantation and
4. Kerosene oil, water and salt evaporation

Q2. Which tubes in Fig. 2.1 (a) and (b) will be more effective as a
condenser in the distillation apparatus?
Answer:

Tube (a) will benefit a condenser in the distillation apparatus. The

marbles’ presence increases the surface area that comes in contact
with the vapours. This allows more time for condensation of steam, and
hence the first column would be more valuable than the second
column without marbles.

Q3. Salt can be recovered from its solution by evaporation. Suggest

some other technique for the same?

Answer:

Crystallisation can be used to separate salt from its solution.

Crystallisation is a separation technique used to separate a solid in a

solution. The solution is warmed in an open container, allowing the
solvent to evaporate, leaving a saturated solution.

Q4. Seawater can be classified as a homogeneous and heterogeneous

mixture. Comment.

Answer:

The seawater contains a mixture of salt and some other bigger size
impurities and a mixture of several gases. Due to different bigger sizes
of contaminants, seawater is classified as a heterogeneous mixture. In
contrast, it is classified as a homogeneous mixture due to a
combination of several gases and salt in seawater.
Q5. While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student added acetone
(boiling point 56°C) by mistake. What technique can be employed to
get back the acetone? Justify your choice.

Answer:

Distillation can be operated to get back the acetone. As acetone is

more volatile, it will separate first.

Q6. What would you observe when

(a) a saturated solution of potassium prepared at 60°C is allowed to

cool to room temperature.

(b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness.

(c) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly.

Answer:

(a) When a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C

is allowed to cool at room temperature, it will form potassium chloride
crystals.

(b) When the aqueous sugar solution is heated, the water will
evaporate. When the solution is heated to dryness, the sugar will get
charred.

(c ) When iron filings and sulphur powder are mixed and heated, they
undergo a chemical reaction, and the ferrous sulphide (FeS) compound
is formed with properties utterly different from its constituent.

Q7. Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down

when left undisturbed, while they do in the case of a suspension.

Answer:

The size of colloidal particles is more petite than suspension. They

continue to move in a zig-zag pattern, avoiding the gravitational force
and do not settle down. However, because the suspended particles are
more prominent, they settle down under gravity’s influence.

Q8. Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different?

Answer:

The dispersion medium is identical to smoke and fog, i.e., air, but they
differ in the dispersed phase. In smoke, solid carbon particles are
dispersed in the air, while in fog, liquid water particles are dispersed in
the air.

Q9. Classify the following as physical or chemical properties

(a) The composition of a steel sample is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and
0.5% other elements.

(b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen

gas.

(c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife.

(d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water.

Answer:

(a) The composition of a steel sample is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and
0.5% other elements is a physical property as no new compound is
formed because steel is an alloy. The alloy is a homogeneous mixture
of two or more metals or non-metallic elements.

(b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen

gas is a chemical property. A chemical reaction between zinc and
hydrochloric acid occurs with the evolution of hydrogen gas, and a zinc
chloride compound is formed.

Zn (s) + 2 HCI (dil) → ZnCI2 (aq) + H2 (g)

(c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife is physical

property because cutting with a knife does not form a new substance.

(d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water is chemical
property as the new compound is formed by metal oxide and water
reaction.

Q10. The teacher instructed three students, ‘A’, ‘B’ and C’,
respectively, to prepare a 50% (mass by volume) sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) solution. ‘A’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100 mL of water, ‘B’
dissolved 50g of NaH in 100g of water while C’ dissolved 50g of NaOH
in water to make 100 mL of solution. Which one of them has made the
desired solution and why?

Answer:

Student C has made the desired solution.

Students A and B prepare 150 ml solution, so student C makes the
desired solution because he adds water to make 100 ml solution.

Q11. Name the process associated with the following

(a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric

pressure.

(b) A drop of ink placed on the water’s surface contained in a glass

spreads throughout the water.

(c) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is

poured into the beaker with stirring.

(d) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty.

(e) Milk is churned to separate cream from it.

(f) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left

undisturbed for some time.

(g) A fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room
illuminates the particles in its paths.

Answer:
 S.
No. Method Process

Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one

1. atmospheric pressure. Sublimation

A drop of ink placed on the water’s surface

2. contained in a glass spreads throughout the water. Diffusion

A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker,

3. and water is poured into the beaker with stirring. Diffusion

An acetone bottle is left open, and the bottle

4. becomes empty. Evaporation

Centrifugati
5. Milk is churned to separate cream from it. on

Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water Sedimentati

6. is left undisturbed for some time. on

A fine beam of light entering through a small hole Tyndall

7. in a dark room illuminates the particles in its paths. effect

Q12. You are given two water samples labelled as ‘A’ and ‘B’. Sample
‘A’ boils at 100°C, and sample “B’ boils at 102°C. Which sample of the
water will not freeze at 0°C? Comment.

Answer:

The boiling point is 100°C at 1 atm pressure for pure water, and the
melting point is 0°C at 1 atm pressure. If the water has some
impurities, the boiling point is raised, and the melting point is lowered.
If some salt is added boiling point is raised by 2°C, and the melting
point is lowered.
Thus, sample B will not freeze at 0°C.

Q13. What are the favourable qualities given to gold when it is alloyed
with copper or silver to make omaments?

Answer:

Pure gold is very soft. It is alloyed with silver or copper to impart

strength to make ornaments. An alloy that contains 20 parts of gold
and 4 parts of silver is used to make ornaments.

Q14. An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category

would you classify this element? What other characteristics do you
expect the element to possess?

Answer:

A metal is sonorous and ductile. Thus if an element possesses these

qualities, we will keep this under the category of metals.

Some other characteristics of metals are as follows:

 Metals are highly malleable.

 Metals have a high melting and boiling point.

 Metals are lustrous.

 Metals have a high density and thus are hard.

 Metals are a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Q15. Give an example of each mixture having the following features.

Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these
mixtures

(a) A volatile and a non-volatile component.

(b) Two volatile components with an appreciable difference in boiling

points.

(c) Two immiscible liquids.

(d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous

state.

(e) Two or more coloured constituents were soluble in some solvent.

Answer:
(a) An example of a volatile and a non-volatile component is a mixture
of acetone and water. It can be separated by distillation.

(b) An example of two volatile components with an appreciable

difference in boiling points is a mixture of petrol and kerosene. It can
be separated by distillation.

(c) An example of two immiscible liquids is a mixture of oil and water. It

can be separated by fractional distillation.

(d) An example of one of the components that change directly from

solid to gaseous state is a mixture of naphthalene and ammonium
chloride. We can separate naphthalene by filtration and ammonium
chloride from water by evaporation.

(e) An example of two or more coloured constituents were soluble in

some solvent is a mixture of pigments from a flower petal extract. It
can be separated by chromatography.

Q16. Fill in the blanks

(a) A colloid is a ____ mixture whose components can be separated by

the technique known as ______.

(b) Ice, water and water vapour look different and display different
________ properties but are _____ the same.

(c) A mixture of chloroform and water is taken in a separating funnel is

mixed and left undisturbed for some time. The upper layer in the
separating funnel will be of _________, and the lower layer will be that of
_______.

(d) A mixture of two or more miscible liquids, for which the difference
in the boiling points is less than 25 K, can be separated by the process
called _____.

(e) When light is passed through water containing a few drops of milk,
it shows a bluish tinge. This is due to the ____ of light by milk, and the
phenomenon is called ________. This indicates that milk is a _________
solution.

Answer:

(a) A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture, and its components can be

separated by the technique known as centrifugation.
(b) Ice, water and water vapour look different and display different
physical properties but are chemically the same.

(c) A mixture of chloroform and water is taken in a separating funnel is

mixed and left undisturbed for some time. The upper layer in the
separating funnel will be water, and the lower layer will be that of
chloroform.

(d) A mixture of two or more miscible liquids, for which the difference
in the boiling points is less than 25 K, can be separated by the process
called fractional distillation.

(e) When light is passed through water containing a few drops of milk,
it shows a bluish tinge. This is due to the scattering of light by milk,
and the phenomenon is called the Tyndall effect. This indicates that
milk is a colloidal solution.

Q17. Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beétroot

are mixed together. Will it be a pure substance or a mixture? Give
reasons for the same.

Answer:

It is a pure substance as the chemical composition of sugar crystals

emanated from sugarcane and beetroot will remain the same.

Q18. Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your

surroundings?

Answer:

An example of the Tyndall effect we observe in our surroundings is the

visible beam of headlights in fog. Scattering by the water droplets
making the headlight beams visible is also an example of the Tyndall
effect. Milk is a colloid that also exhibits the Tyndall effect.

Q19. Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating

funnel? If yes, then describe the procedure. If not, explain.

Answer:

Water and alcohol are miscible liquids. Hence, we cannot use a

separating funnel to separate them from their mixture.

Q20. On heating, calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide

and carbon dioxide.
(a) Is this a physical or a chemical change?

(b) Can you prepare one acidic and one basic solution by using the
products formed in the above process? If so, write the chemical
equation involved.

Answer:

(a) Heating calcium carbonate to get calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
is a chemical change because a new substance with different
compositions and properties is formed.

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

(b) We can prepare acidic and basic solutions by dissolving the

products of the above process in water.

When CaO is dissolved in water, it forms calcium hydroxide, a basic

solution.

CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

When CO2 (g) is dissolved in water, it forms carbonic acid, an acidic

solution.

CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

Q21. Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.

They are non-lustrous, non-sonorous, non-malleable and are coloured.

(a) Name a lustrous non-metal.

(b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature.

(c) The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good conductor of electricity.

Name the allotrope.

(d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of

compounds.

(e) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy.

(f) Name a non-metal which is required for combustion.

Answer:
 S. Name of the
No. Property Nonmetal

1. Lustrous non-metal Iodine

Non-metal, which exists as a liquid at room

2. temperature. Bromine

The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good

3. conductor of electricity. Graphite

Non-metal, which is known to form the

4. largest number of compounds Carbon

Non-metal other than carbon which shows Sulphur and

5. allotropy Phosphorous

6. Non-metal, which is required for combustion Oxygen

Q22. Classify the substances given in Fig. 2.2 into elements and
compounds

Answer:
 S. No. Elements Compounds

1. Zn NaCl (aq)

2. O2 Wood

3. F2 Sand

4. Hg H2O

5. Diamond CaCO3

6. Cu

Q23. Which of the following are not compounds?

(a) Chlorine gas

(b) Potassium chloride

(c) Iron

(d) Iron sulphide

(e) Aluminium

(f) Iodine

(g) Carbon

(h) Carbon monoxide

(i) Sulphur powder

Answer:

Chlorine gas, Iron, Aluminium, Iodine, Carbon, and Sulphur powder are
not compounds.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. Fractional distillation is suitable for separating miscible liquids with
a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of the
fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possesses an
advantage over a simple distillation process. Explain using a diagram.

Answer:

The fractionating column is the most critical part of the fractional

distillation apparatus. It has glass beads in it.

It helps to obstruct the upward movement of the vapours of the two

liquids. The steam of high boiling liquid gets condensed earlier. The
energy (latent heat) released helps take the vapours of low boiling
liquid to a height in the fractionating column. The advantages of
fractional distillation over ordinary distillation are enlisted below.

 This process can separate the liquids with a less than 25 K

boiling point difference.

 During the procedure, both evaporation and condensation co-

occur.

 Mixtures (like petroleum) can also be separated by the fractional

distillation process, containing many components.
Q2. (a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and
why?

(b) A solution is always a liquid. Comment.

(c) Can a solution be heterogeneous?

Answer:

(a) We can classify alloys under homogenous mixtures because alloys

are made up of a concrete combination of metals.

(b) No, solutions are not always liquid. They can be solid or even gas.

Example: Alloy is a solid solution, and Air is a gas solution example.

(c ) No, a solution can not be heterogenous because heterogeneous

mixtures have no specific composition, but a solution has a fixed
composition. The solution can only be colloids or suspensions.

Q3. Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two
parts, ‘A’ and ‘B’. Part ‘A’ was heated strongly while Part ‘B’ was not
heated. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to both the Parts and the
evolution of gas was seen in both the cases. How will you identify the
gases evolved?

Answer:

Part A:

When iron filings and sulphur powder are mixed and heated, they
undergo a chemical reaction and form ferrous sulphide (FeS) with
properties entirely different from its constituent.

Fe + S → FeS

When HCl is added to this mixture, ferric chloride is produced, and

Hydrogen Sulphide gas is produced.

 The foul rotten egg smell of Hydrogen sulphide is the indicator of

H2S production.

Part B:

When dilute HCl is added to setup B, Hydrogen gas is evolved, and

sulphur does not take part in the reaction.
  When a burning match stick is brought near the evolved gas, the
matchstick burns with a pop. It is the indication of Hydrogen gas
liberation.

Q4. A child wanted to separate the mixture of dyes constituting an ink

sample. He marked a line by the ink on the filter paper and placed the
filter paper in a glass containing water, as shown in Fig. 2.3. The filter
paper was removed when the water moved near the top of the filter
paper.

(i) What would you expect to see if the ink contains three different
coloured components?

(ii) Name the technique used by the child.

(iii) Suggest one more application of this technique.

Answer:

(a) If the ink contains three different coloured components, we see

spots of different colours at different heights on the filter paper. The
most soluble part appears in the highest position, the less soluble part
appears in the middle part, and the least soluble part appears at the
lowest on the chromatograph.

(b) The child uses the chromatography method.

(c) This technique is also used to separate and identify amino acids
obtained by hydrolysis of blood.
Q5. A group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with a
black paper from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one
end of the box by making a hole in it and made another hole on the
other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a
beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the Fig.2.4. They were amazed
to see that milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the
same activity by taking a salt solution but found that light simply
passed through it?

(a) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the
phenomenon involved.

(b) The same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain.

(c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same
effect as shown by the milk solution?

Answer:

(a) Tyndall effect phenomenon is involved. Milk is a colloidal substance.

In milk, particulate matter makes the light scatter, which results in the
Tyndall effect.

(b) Saltwater is a homogenous solution. It has small particles that do

not scatter light rays; hence there will be no Tyndall effect. Thus, light
is not illuminated.

(c) Detergent solution and sulphur solution also exhibit the Tyndall
effect like milk.
Q6. Classify each of the following, as a physical or a chemical change.
Give reasons.

(a) Drying of a shirt in the sun.

(b) Rising of hot air over a radiator.

(c) Burning of kerosene in a lantern.

(d) Change the colour of black tea by adding lemon juice to it.

(e) Churning of milk cream to get butter.

Answer:

(a) Drying a shirt in the sun is a physical change because no reaction

or new product is formed while drying.

(b) The rising of hot air over a radiator is a physical change because
the water in a radiator converts to steam. Thus, hot air becomes lighter
and rises. No new product is formed while rising. Thus it is a physical
change.

(c) The burning of kerosene in a lantern is a chemical change because

it uses atmospheric oxygen and liberates carbon dioxide.

(d) Changing the colour of black tea by adding lemon juice is a

chemical change because lemon juice is a source of ascorbic acid,
which reacts with Flavin antioxidants present in black tea to change
the colour of the tea.

(e) Churning milk cream to get butter is a physical change because

centrifugation’s principal principle turns the milk cream into butter.

Q7. The students were asked to prepare a 10% (Mass / Mass) sugar
solution in water during an experiment. Ramesh dissolved 10 g of
sugar in 100 g of water while Sarika prepared it by dissolving 10 g of
sugar in water to make 100 g of the solution.

(a) Are the two solutions of the same concentration

(b) Compare the mass % of the two solutions.

Answer:

(a) No, the two solutions are not of the same concentration.

(b) Comparison of the mass % of the two solutions

Mass Percent = Mass of Solute X 100 / (Mass of Solute + Mass of
Solvent)

The solution made by Ramesh-

Mass Percent = 10 X 100 / (100+10)

Mass Percent = 1000 / 110

Mass Percent = 9.09%

The solution made by Sarika-

Mass Percent = 10 X 100 / 100

Mass Percent = 1000 / 100

Mass Percent = 10%

∴ Both have different concentrations.

Q8. You are provided with a mixture containing sand, iron filings,
ammonium chloride and sodium chloride. Describe the procedures you
would use to separate these constituents from the mixture?

Answer:

We can separate a mixture containing sand, iron filings, ammonium

chloride and sodium chloride by the following methods.

Method 1: Separating iron filings with the help of a magnet by rolling

them over the mixture.

Method 2: Sublimation of the leftover mixture separates ammonium

chloride.

Method 3: Adding water to the remaining mixture, stirring and filtering

out sand by filtration.

Method 4: Filtrate is evaporated to get sodium chloride back.

Q9. Arun has prepared a 0.01 % (by mass) sodium chloride solution in
water. Which of the following correctly represents the composition of
the solutions?

(a) 1.00 g of NaCl + 100g of water

(b) 0.11g of NaCl + 100g of water

(c) 0.01 g of NaCl + 99.99g of water

(d) 0.10 g of NaCl + 99.90g of water

Answer:

(c ) 0.01 g of NaCl + 99.99g of water is the correct representation of

0.01 % (by mass) sodium chloride solution in water.

Q10. Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20

% (mass per cent) solution in 100g of water?

Answer:

Let the mass of sodium sulphate be x g.

Then, the solution mass will be (x + 100) g.

x g of solute is present in (x + 100) g of solution.

Mass Percent = 20 %

Mass Percent = Mass of Solute X 100 / (Mass of Solute + Mass of

Solvent)

20 % = x X 100 / (x + 100)

20 X (x + 100) = 100x

20x + 2000 = 100x

80x = 2000

x = 2000 / 80

x = 25 g.

CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions

Q1. What are the solute and solvent in the tincture of iodine?

Answer:

Iodine is solute, and alcohol is the solvent in the tincture of iodine.

Q2. Give three properties of colloid. Differentiate between a true

solution and a colloid.

Answer:

Properties of colloids:

 Colloids are relatively stable in nature.

  Colloids require ultrafilters for filtration.

 Colloids appears to be homogenous but are heterogeneous in

nature.

Difference between true solution and colloid

Colloi
S. No. True Solution d

A true solution is a A colloidal solution is a

homogenous mixture of two heterogeneous mixture of two or
or more substances. more substances.

It is transparent. It is translucent.

The size of the particles is The size of the particles ranges

less than 1 nm. from 1 nm to 100 nm.

Filter paper can’t separate Filter papers with minute holes

true solutions. can filter colloidal solution.

Particles do not settle down Particles can settle down at the

at the bottom. bottom by centrifugation.

Particles are invisible to Particles are invisible to naked

naked eyes and powerful eyes but are visible under
microscopes. powerful microscopes.

The Brownian effect can not

be observed in a true The Brownian effect can be
solution. observed in a colloidal solution.

Example: Sugar Water Example: Milk

Q3. What do you observe when an aqueous sugar solution is heated to
dryness?

Answer:

When the aqueous sugar solution is heated, the water will evaporate.
When the solution is heated to dryness, the sugar will get charred.