Ch:2 Elements, Compounds and
Elements.
Q.1 Choose the correct answer:
1. An element is made up of
(a) only one kind of element
(b) two kinds of atoms
(c) three kinds of atoms
(d) many kind of atoms
2. Metalloids are elements that exhibit properties of
(a) metals
(b) non metals
(c)intermediate between metals and non-metals
(d) none of these
3. The only non-metal which is good conductor of electricity is
(a) tungsten
(b) graphite
(c)zinc
(d) oxygen
4. A molecule of sodium chloride contains
(a) one atom of sodium and two atoms of chlorine
(b) two atom of sodium and one atom of chloride
(c) one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
(d) one atom of sodium and three atoms of chloride
5. The symbol for sulphur is
(a) S
(b) S2
(c) S4
(d) S8
6. Mist is a heterogenous mixture of
(a) solid in gas
(b) liquid in gas
(c) gas in liquid
(d) gas in gas
7. Common salt can be obtained from its solution by the process of
(a) decantation
(b) winnowing
(c) evaporation
(d) centrifugation
8. During the process of distillation, the pure liquid obtained is called
(a) filtrate
(b) residue
(c) centrifuge
(d) distillate
9. The process of separating lighter particles of solid from heavier
particles with the help of wind is called
(a) winnowing
(b) sieving
(c) sublimation
(d) evaporation
10. which of the following methods of separation is used to separate
cream from milk?
(a) Distillation
(b) Evaporation
(c) Centrifugation
(d) Crystallisation
Q.2 Fill in the blanks:
1. Water is a compound made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one
atom of oxygen.
2. An element is a pure substance.
3. The symbol for sodium is Na.
4. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity.
5. Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
6. Husk is removed from grain by the process of winnowing.
7. The liquid collected after filtration is called filtrate.
8. The solutions of two immiscible liquids are separated by using a
separating funnel.
9. Ammonium chloride can be separated from a mixture of
ammonium chloride and salt by sublimation.
10. Components of two miscible liquids are separated by fractional
distillation.
Q.3 True or false:
1. S8 and P4 are diatomic molecules. – false
2. Noble gases are highly reactive. – false
3. Smoke is homogenous mixture of solid in gas. – false
4. A mixture of ammonium chloride and common salt is separated by
sublimation. – true
5. Centrifugation involves rotating of solution at very high speed to
separate suspended solid particles from it. – true
Q.4 Write down the symbol/formulae of the
following elements and compounds:
1. Carbon - C
2. Ammonia – NH3
3. Copper sulphate – CuSO4
4. Sodium - Na
5. Calcium oxide - CaO
6. Acetic acid- CH3COOH
7. Tungsten - W
8. Water – H2O
9. Mercury - Hg
10. Iron oxide - Feo
11. Zinc - Zn
12. Nitrous oxide – N2O
Q.5 Name the following
elements/compounds:
1. CaCO3 – Calcium carbonate
2. H - Hydrogen
3. Au - Gold
4. Mg - Magnesium
5. P - Phosphorous
6. SO3 – Sulphur trioxide
7. Sn - Tin
8. SiO2 – Silicon oxide
9. Ca(OH)2 – Calcium hydroxide
Q.6 Answer the following questions:
1. What are metalloids? Give four examples.
A.1 Metalloids are elements which exhibits properties intermediate
between metals and non- metals. They are shiny, brittle solids and
look like metals but behave like non-metals.
Examples of metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic,
antimony, tellurium and polonium.
2. Difference between elements and compounds.
A.2
Elements Compounds
1. Element is a pure substance
made up of only one kind of
atom
3. Define compounds and list the characteristics of compounds:
A.3 A compound is a pure substance formed by the chemical
combination of two or more elements combined in a fixed
proportion by mass.
* Characteristics of compounds.
1. Compounds are pure substances which consist of two or more
elements combined in a fixed proportion by mass.
2. The physical and chemical properties of compounds are entirely
different from those of constituent elements.
3. Compounds are homogenous mixture.
4. The components of compounds cannot be separated by simple
physical means.
5. Energy is released or absorbed during the formation of a
compound.
4. What are metals? State three properties of metals.
A.4 Metals are elements having the following characteristics:
1. They are hard solids at room temperature.
2. They have lustrous surface.
3. Metals are malleable.
4. They are ductile.
5. Metals have high melting point and boiling point.
6. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity.
7. Metals are sonorous.
5. Write four differences between metals and non- metals.
A.5
METALS NON-METALS
Metals are generally hard. Non-metals are generally soft
solid.
Metals are malleable. Non-metals are non -malleable.
Metals are ductile. Non-metals are non-ductile.
Metals are good conductor of Non-metals are bad conductor
heat and electricity. of heat and electricity.
6. What information is provided by a chemical formula?
A.6 The chemical formula gives the actual number of elements
present in one molecule of the element. For a compound it indicates
the number and type of atoms of each kind present in one molecule
of it.
The chemical formula also indicates the molecular mass of the
element or the compound.
7. Write down the characteristics of non-metals.
A.7 Characteristics of the non-metal.
1. Non-metals are either soft solids or gases.
2. Non-metals have a dull surface.
3. Non-metals are non-malleable
4. Non-metals are non-ductile.
5. Non-metals have low melting points and boiling points.
6. Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
7. Non-metals are non-sonorous.
8. What are radioactive elements? Give examples of four radioactive
elements.
A.8 Some elements emits harmful radiations and are known as
radioactive elements. For example, uranium, thorium and radium.
9. Write down symbols for any three elements derived from their
Latin name. Give their Latin names.
A.9
Element Latin name Symbol
Gold Aurum Au
Iron Ferrum Fe
Silver Argentum Ag
10. Name any three useful mixtures.
A.10 Steel, milk, soil, brass, cement, detergent, fertilizers,
toothpaste, etc
11. What is loading? Name the chemical used in the process of
loading.
A.11 Sometimes pieces of alum is added to heterogenous solid-liquid
mixture in which very fine solid particles remain suspended in the
liquid, to increase the speed of sedimentation. This process is known
as loading.
12. How is muddy water purified?
A.12 [ Draw the figure from text book pg no. 27 fig 2.9]
Take some muddy water and pour it in a beaker. Allow it to stand for
sometime You will see some mud and other impurities settle down
at the bottom of the beaker. This is called sediment and the process
is called sedimentation.
Now, pour the clear water gently without disturbing the sediment.
This is called decantation.
13. Give three points each to show that.
(a) Air is mixture
(b) Water is a compound
A.13 (a) Air is a mixture
1. Air does not have chemical formula.
2. Air does not have definite melting point and boiling point.
3. All the constituent of air can be separated by physical means.
(b) Water is a compound
1. The properties of compound are entirely different from those of
its constituent elements.
2. The components of water cannot be separated by any physical
methods.
3. Water is a homogenous substance.
14. Describe in brief how you can obtain both the components from
sea water.
A.14 [Draw the figure from text book pg no. 29 fig 2.13]
Take some salt water in a round bottom flask and set the distillation
apparatus as shown in figure.
Now, heat the solution. On heating, water evaporates and rises up in
the form of vapour. These vapours get condensed back into liquid
water on passing through the condenser and finally gets collected in
the beaker. This water obtained is called distilled water which is a
pure form of water. The salt is left behind in the flask.
15. Draw a labelled diagram showing the process of sublimation
A.15 [ Draw the figure from text book pg no. 26 fig 2.8]
16. What is the principal of separation employed in the process of
fractional distillation?
A.16 Miscible liquids like alcohol into water can be separated by
fractional distillation by making use of their difference of boiling
point.
17. What kind of substances can be separated by sieving?
A.17 Sieves are used in kitchen to remove bran from flour. Sieves are
also used in the construction site to separate stones from sand or to
separate fine sand from coarse stand.
18. Why do we need to separate the constituent of mixtures.
A.18 We need to separate the constituents of mixtures to:
a. Get useful substances like metals and minerals.
b. Get completely pure substances, eg., pure water
c. Remove unwanted and harmful substances from mixture.
19. Why is air considered as a mixture?
A.19 Following evidences prove that air is a mixture:
1. The constituent do not under go any chemical change. They retain
their individual property.
2. The composition of different constituents in air is not uniform.
3. Air does not have chemical formula.
4. Air does not have a definite melting point and boiling point.
5. All the constituents of air can be separated by physical means.
20. Write down five characteristics of mixtures.
A.20 Characteristics of mixtures:
1. Mixtures do not have any fixed composition. The constituents are
present in any proportion which can be varied from time to time.
2. the constituents pf mixtures are not bound by a chemical force.
3. Mixtures do not have any specific properties. Their properties are
the sum total of the individual properties of the constituents.
4. Mixtures do not have definite melting points and definite boiling
points.
5. Constituents of a mixture can be separated by simple physical
methods.
Q.7 Define the following terms:
1. Symbol- Symbol is a short scientific form of representing an
element.
2. Noble gases- Noble gases are gaseous elements, they are
extremely stable and do not react chemically with other element.
3. Atomicity- The number of atoms present in a single molecule of an
element is known as its atomicity.
4. Atom- Matter is made up of tiny invisible particles called atoms.
5. Molecule- Atoms combine with each other and will form
molecules.
6. Pure substance- Substances containing the same kind of atoms or
molecules are called pure substances.
7. Winnowing- Winnowing is a separation method used to separate
light solid substances from heavier ones with the help of wind.
8. Distillation- Distillation is a method of converting a liquid into a
vapour by evaporation and then condensing the liquid and collecting
the condensed liquid in a separate receiver.
9. Centrifugation- Centrifugation is a method to separate very fine
suspended particles from a solution by rotating the liquid at a very
high speed in a closed container.
10. Crystallisation- Crystallisation is a process of separating crystals
from a saturated solution at high temperature, on cooling at room
temperature.
11. Miscible liquids miscible liquids are the liquids which when mixed
together form a homogenous solution.
12. Residue- The insoluble solid left on the filter is called residue.
