MARKING SCHEME
311/2
HISTORY & GOVERNMENT
PAPER 2
JULY 2024
TIME: 2 ½ HOURS
FORM 3
311/2
History & Government
Paper 2
2 ½ HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
Answer ALL the questions in section A, THREE questions from section B and TWO
questions from section C.
Answers to all the questions MUST be written on the answer sheets provided.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
QUESTION SCORE
SECTION A 1 – 17
18
SECTION B 19
20
21
SECTION C 22
23
24
TOTAL SCORE
History & Government Form 3 End of Term 2 Exams
Page 1
SECTION A (25 Marks)
(Answer ALL the Questions in this section)
1. State two arms of Government. (2 Mark)
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
2. Identify one theory explaining the origin of man. (1 Mark)
Special creation theory
Evolution/ scientific theory
Mythical/ traditional theory
3. Name two species of Homo sapiens. (2 Marks)
Rhodesian man
Neanderthal man
Cro-Magnon man
4. Name any two centers of Agricultural Revolution. (2 Marks)
Nile valley
Danube valley in Europe
5. State the two main methods of trade. (2 Marks)
Barter trade
Currency trade
6. Give two examples of regional trade. (2 Marks)
Trans- Saharan trade
Long distance trade
7. Identify two means of transport that comprised early land transport. (2 Marks)
Human portage / transport
Animal transport
8. Identify the sailing ship used by the Greeks. (1 Mark)
Galleys
9. Identify one early source of energy. (1Mark)
Wood
Wind
Water
10. Give the major limitation of using water as a source of energy. (1 Mark)
It is unreliable
11. List two factors for the growth of Meroe. (2 Marks)
The area was highly forested and ideal for iron working
It was strategically located at the intersection of transport routes
Her soils were rich in iron
12. Identify one historical building in Kilwa. (1 Mark)
The stone citadel
Large and luxurious palace (Husuni Kubwa)
Great mosque of Kilwa
History & Government Form 3 End of Term 2 Exams
Page 2
13. Identify the symbol of national unity among the Shona. (1 Mark)
The royal fire
14. State two sources of the principles on which the British constitution is made. (2 Marks)
Statutes
Historical documents
Customs
15. Name one missionary society that came to spread Christianity in Africa. (1 Mark)
London Mission Society (LMS)
Universities Mission to Central Africa (UMCA)
United Methodist Mission (UMM)
White Fathers (WF)
Holy Ghost Fathers (HGF)
16. State one function of Emirs in Northern Nigeria. (1 Mark)
Tried cases in their Muslim courts
Maintained law and order
Eliminated the practices that the British could not condone
17. Who was the first Prime Minister of India. (1 Mark)
Mahatma Gandhi
SECTION B (45 Marks)
(Answer Any Three Questions from this section)
18. (a) State five stages of evolution of man before Homo erectus. (5 Marks)
Aegyptopithecus
Dryopithecus
Ramapithecus
Australopithecus
Homo habilis
(b) Describe the way of life of human beings during the late stone age period. (10 Mark)
Man used tools called microliths
Man developed speech for communication
Man lived in temporary huts
Man practiced agriculture for food
Man lived settled life
Man developed government
Man was bipedal
19. (a) Give three negative impacts of scientific inventions in agriculture. (3 Marks)
Pesticides and fertilizers are expensive
Consumption of chemically treated/ stored food causes food related diseases like cancer
Soil fertility has reduced due due to continued use of fertilizers
Biotechnology is threatening traditional crops
(b) Explain factors that have hindered industrialization in Africa. (12 Marks)
Lack of adequate funds to invest in industrialization
History & Government Form 3 End of Term 2 Exams
Page 3
Lack of enough skilled manpower due to brain drain.
Poor means of transport and communication that hinder transportation of raw materials and
finished goods.
Competition from developed countries whose goods are of high quality and cheaply produced.
Low purchasing power of the people due to poverty.
Poor economies (Government policies) that do not offer conducive environment to attract foreign
investment.
Political instability that slows industrialization.
HIV and AIDS has robbed Africa both skilled and unskilled manpower.
20. (a) State five methods used by the British to colonize Buganda kingdom. (5 Marks)
Collaboration with the Kabakas
Treaty signing
Use of Christian missionaries/ explorers
Use of Chartered company- IBEAC
Use of indirect rule
Use of divide and rule (over feuding religious groups)
Giving of material reward/ gifts
(b) What benefits did the Buganda people get as a result of their collaboration? (10 Marks)
They retained their kingship, Lukiiko and ministerial structure.
The Kabaka continued levying taxes on his people
Baganda Christians were appointed to administrative positions in other parts of the Uganda.
They benefited from the introduction of western education.
Their trade partnership with the British brought immense profit domestic trade.
Buganda kingdom was expanded to acquire more territory- Bunyoro, Busoga and Bugisu.
Christianity was brought faster and brought benefits like health facilities, agriculture and modern
technology.
Introduction of cash crops like coffee and cotton.
Uganda army was equipped with guns which forestalled any external attacks.
Buganda benefited from infrastructural development like railway, lake steamer services, postal
and telecommunication.
21. (a) How did the attainment of independence of Ghana contribute to liberation of other
African countries? (3 Marks)
Nkrumah became very vocal in agitating for the course of other nationalists in the global forum.
Ghana gave financial and material support to the African liberation movements.
It motivated other African countries to strengthen their independence.
Ghana played a leading role in the formation of OAU which was in the forefront in the liberation
of other African states.
(b) Describe African Nationalists activities that intensified the struggle for independence in
South Africa. (12Marks)
They organized public defiance meetings against apartheid rules.
They made use of armed struggle through ANC
They sabotaged government installations and infrastructure.
Organized peaceful demonstration, strikes and job boycotts.
They instituted dialogue with apartheid regime.
History & Government Form 3 End of Term 2 Exams
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They lobbied/ campaigned through international fora to condemn apartheid and impose sanctions.
They sent black nationalists to exile to acquire military, financial and material assistance to help
the struggle at home.
Used religious/ church movements to campaign against apartheid everywhere.
Formed Black Conscious Movement to spearhead students and workers mass protest.
They forged a united front of all political parties and workers organizations to lead mass protests.
SECTION C (30 Marks)
(Answer Any Three Questions from this section)
22. (a) Identify the privileges enjoyed by assimilated Africans in the four communes in Senegal
(5 Marks)
They were allowed to vote during elections.
They were allowed to vie for posts in French parliament.
They were exempted from forced labour.
They were allowed to work and live in France.
They received French education.
Had freedom of movement within the French empire.
They were exempted from paying taxes.
They were allowed to become French citizens.
(b) Explain reasons why French policy of assimilation failed. (5 Marks)
The Africans were not willing to become Christians.
Africans were not able to get the French type of education.
They faced opposition from the Muslims.
The French did not want to compete with the Africans for cabinet posts and commercial
activities.
African traditional rulers feared they would lose positions.
French traders feared competition, so they opposed the system.
It was expensive to implement the system because of the vastness of the French empire.
The varied African cultures made it difficult for them to be absorbed into the French culture.
23. (a) Outline three features of direct rule in Zimbabwe. (3 Marks)
Zimbabwe ha large number of settlers
British believed that Zimbabwe was preordained to be white mans country.
BSAC was headed by an administrator with help of long chain of European civil servants.
(b) What were the disadvantages of indirect rule system of administration? (12 Marks)
Could not be applied where central government was absent.
People lacked confidence in the appointed chiefs.
Local people looked at indirect rule as curtailing the authority of local rulers, therefor resented it.
Different administrations had different views on the degree of indirect rule to be applied, making
it difficult to draw a difference between advisory and supervisory role of colonial powers.
Language was the problem leading to need of interpreter.
Education of chiefs was necessary but took long time.
24. (a) State the terms of the Rudd Concession treaty of 1883. (3 Marks)
History & Government Form 3 End of Term 2 Exams
Page 5
Cecil Rhodes and BSAC was given mining monopoly in Matabeleland.
Lobengula was forbade from signing other concessions with other European powers without the
consent of Cecil Rhodes.
No more than ten Europeans were to enter Lobengulas territory at any given time.
Lobengula would get, a monthly payment of $100, 1000 rifles and ammunition, a gun boat to
patrpl the Zambezi.
(b) State six grievances of the Ndebele and the Shona during the Chimurenga war of 1896-
1897 (12 Marks)
They desired to regain their independence from the BSAC
They were against erosion of traditional authority as Lobengulas sons did not succeed their father.
They were against loss of land as the company took away all the good land.
The British had ruined the regimental towns, refused to recognize the indunas as well as their
right to give out land.
British were brutal and treated traditional leaders with disrespect.
The British used forced labour in mines and farms under harsh conditions.
Recruitment of the Shona in the Native Police Force in Ndebele land humiliated the Ndebele.
Shona resented company interference with their trade.
The Company confiscated Lobengula’s cattle after the war of 1893.
Europeans delayed to pay workers.
History & Government Form 3 End of Term 2 Exams
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