Design of Slab
RCC DESIGN
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Design of Slab
Design of One-way Slab
Condition for a slab to be classified as a one-way slab:
A slab is considered as a one-way slab when a slab is supported on only two supports on opposite
sides. Further there can be two conditions in it:
Slab Supported on Longer Edge:
Slab Supported on Shorter Edge:
2) When slab is supported on all four sides it is considered one-way slab if the ratio length of longer side vs
the length of the shorter side is greater than 2:
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Here, lx = length of shorter side
ly = length of longer side
In this case, the main bars are provided along the shorter direction whereas the distribution bars are pro-
vided along longer side.
Transverse Moment in Slabs
For design purposes, 1 m (1000 mm) width is considered as a beam and rest of the design procedure fol-
lows the method of design of singly reinforced beam but there is a major difference between beam and
slab which is required to be provided due consideration while designing it i.e., when beam bends, due to
Poisson’s effect, the portion of beam above Neutral Axis undergoes lateral expansion whereas the por-
tion below Neutral Axis undergoes lateral contraction as it is free to occur.
In case of slabs, the lateral displacement is prevented by the remainders of the slab on either side (except
on edges). In this way the rectangular section remains rectangular but these remainders generated from
preventing any kind of lateral movement induces lateral stresses in the section which gives rise to sec-
ondary moment along the slab width as shown in figure. This state is called Plain Stress Condition.
Hence even in one-way slab, secondary reinforcement will be necessary to resist secondary stresses.
Bending Moment in lateral direction are generated locally when subjected to concentrated loads which
are taken care by transverse reinforcement. Further, it also distributes shrinkage and temperature cracks
more evenly and hence it is also called Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement.
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Design Procedure of One-way Slab
Consider unit width of the beam i.e., 1 meter or 1000 mm.
Load Analysis:
Check for depth: The value of depth ‘d’ is calculated on the basis of deflection criteria whereas for mo-
ment depth is only checked.
Area of Steel:
Main Reinforcement: For WSM:
For LSM:
Here, in the above formula 1000 represents the unit width of slab which is considered to be 1000 mm.
Minimum main reinforcement in a slab:
Distribution Bars:
Check for Shear and Bond (Development Length):
When slab is found to be unsafe in shear (which rarely happens), the best and preferred remedy in such
case is to raise the depth of the slab as in slab we can’t provide stirrups.
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Design of Two-way Slab
A slab is considered two-way slab if it is supported from all four sides and also if ratio of longer edge
and shorter edge is less than 2.
Design of Two-way Slabs
When corners aren’t held down in position (simply supported slab carrying UDL and corners are free to lift):
Rankine-Grashoff Theory:
Here, it is assumed that:
IS Code Method: (IS 456 Clause D.2.1)
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For purely simply supported slab, there isn’t any need to provide tension reinforcement on support but
sometimes due to rigidity at the support, negative bending moment may develop due to which 50% of the
bars are cranked at a distance of 1/7 from the centre of the support.
When Corners are prevented from lifting (Vertically restrained slab):
Marcus Method: This is a modification over Rankine-Grashoff formula. Marcus introduced a
correction factor in Rankine-Grashoff formula:
Since deflection in a two-way slab will be less as compared to un-restrained ones, the developed
moment is also less and hence a reduction factor is introduced over Rankine-Grashoff method.
Limiting deflection in Two-way slabs primarily depends upon short span.
Pigeaud’s Method:
Here, rx is a function of ly/lx whereas ry is a function of lx/ly.
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IS Code Method: Supports, may be continuous or discontinuous. (Clause D.1 Page 90)
Clause D.1.1: Maximum Bending Moment of a given slab is given by using following equation:
The values of the coefficients used above can be found in table 26 of IS 456:2000 page-91.
Further for negative moments, values of coefficient are transformed as shown below:
The panels described in it are explained below:
Clause D.1.2: Slabs are considered as divided in each direction in to, middle stripe and edge stripe.
The middle stripe being three-fourth of the width and each edge stripe, one-eighth of the width.
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Clause D.1.3: Maximum moment calculated in D.1.1 is applied only in middle stripe and no redistri-
bution is to be made. In edge stripe, distribution reinforcement is provided.
Clause D.1.4: For positive tension reinforcement:
100% reinforcement should be extended up to 0.15l from continuous support.
50% of the reinforcement must be extended up to the support.
Clause D.1.5: For negative tension reinforcement over continuous support (for middle stripe only):
100% reinforcement should be extended up to 0.15l from continuous edge.
50% reinforcement shall be extended up to 0.3l from the continuous edge.
Clause D.1.6: At discontinuous edge, negative moment may develop which depends on the rigidity of
the edge at support and hence reinforcement here provided to resist negative moment should be 50%
of Ast (+) which should be provided up to 0.1l from the support.
Clause D.1.7: Minimum reinforcement shall be provided in edge stripe. Minimum reinforcement to
be provided in the edge stripe is 0.15% of the cross-sectional area of slab.
Clause D.1.8: Torsional reinforcement is provided on edges to control cracking. Torsion reinforce-
ment is provided when both edge ore discontinuous:
Clause D.1.9: Torsional reinforcement is also provided when one edge is continuous and other edge
is discontinuous:
Clause D.1.10: No tension reinforcement is provided when both edge of the slab are continuous.
Clause D.1.11: If lx/ly > 2 design slab as one way slab.
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Arrangement of Imposed Loads (Clause 24.4.1)
Placing imposed loads on alternate span for maximum sagging moment between support A and B as
shown:
Placing imposed loads on two adjacent spans with alternate span for maximum hogging moment at ‘B’
as shown:
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