Unit 5: Design Concept on one-way and two-way slabs by LSM [8 Hrs.

]
5.1 Introduction and classification of slabs. One-way and two-way slabs. Effective
span of slab, live (imposed) loads on slabs (NBC: 103, IS: 875).
5.2 One-way slab design: Determination of slab thickness for simply supported slab
to satisfy strength and stiffness requirements. Code requirement on the
minimum/maximum area of reinforcement (main & secondary) and spacing of bars.
Check for deflection and shear.
5.3 Introduction of cantilever and continuous slabs, design and reinforcement
detailing.
5.4 Design of two-way slab: Effective span, classification of slabs as per code,
bending moments (BM) coefficients for different edge conditions, design bending
moments. Determine slab thickness and reinforcement bars for simply supported,
restrained and continuous support condition to satisfy strength and stiffness
requirements.
5.5 Edge and middle strips for different support conditions. Code requirements on
the minimum/maximum area of reinforcement (main & secondary) and spacing of
bars, torsion reinforcement and curtailment of reinforcement. Check for deflection
and shear.
Slab:
• Slab is two dimensional or planar element, used in all types of structures such as floors
coverings.
• The thickness of slab is very small as compacted to its length and width.
• Slabs are classified into two types:
1. One way slab
2. Two-way slab
Difference between one way and two-way slabs:

One-way slab Two-way slab

Ly/Lx >2 Ly/Lx ≤ 2
Bending takes place in one direction (shorter Bending taken place in both directions.
span)
Depth required is more. Depth require is less.
Main steel reinforcement is provided along Main steel reinforcement provided along both
shorter span. directions.
Less economical as thickness is more and the More economical as the thickness of slab is less
amount of steel is more. and the amount of steel required is less.
The deflected shape of one-way slab is The deflected shape of the two-way slab is dish
cylindrical. like shape.

Cracks Propagated in one direction. Cracks propagates in twi directions.

IS 456:2000 recommendations for design of slabs:
a. Effective span: (cls: 22.2)
• For simply supported beam/slab:
• Leff = minimum of,
- Clear span + effective depth of slab
- c/c distance between supports
• For continuous slab beams, refer IS 456:2000 cls: 22.2 (b)
b. Deflection control (Cls 29.2)
• For span upto 10m, L/d ratio is,
- Cantilever <7
- Simply supported < 20
- Continuous < 26
• For slab having span >10m, above value may be multiplied by 10/span, except for
cantilever, for which exact deflection calculations should be made.
• For slabs spanning in two directions, the shorter of two spans shall be used for
calculating l/d ratio.
c. Reinforcement in slab
• Minimum reinforcement > 0.15% of total CSA in mild steel rebar
> 0.12% of total CSA in high strength deformed bars
• Maximum diameter of rebar = Total depth of slab (D)/8

d. Distribution Reinforcement
• Distribution reinforcement is provided in the longer span of one-way slab. This
steel is as per the minimum reinforcement criteria.
• The function of dist. Steel is,
- To distribute the concentrated loads coming on stab.
- To protect against shrinkage & temps stresses.
- To keep the main steel bar in position.
• The dist. bar is kept above the main steel & is not provided with hook at the ends.

e. Spacing of Reinforcement:
Minimum distance between bars.
1. The minimum horizontal distance between two parallel main bars shall not be less
than,
- Largest diameter of bar
- 5mm more than the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate
2. The vertical distance between two layers of main reinforcement Shall be more than,
- 15mm or
- 2/3rd the nominal maximum size of aggregate
- Maximum Size of the bar.
 Maximum distance between the bars in tension.
1) The spacing of main steel in slab should not exceed the following
- 3 times the effective depth of slab
- 300mm
2) The spacing of bars provided to act as distribution steel or bars provided for preventing
temperature and shrinkage stress shall not exceed the following,
- Five times the effective depth of slab
- 450mm
f. Cover
Nominal cover to be provided in slab is 20mm and other values of cover for different
environment conditions are given in table 16 of IS 456:2000.

g. Bent up Bars:
• Some of the main reinforcement in slabs are generally bent up near the supports
to take up negative moment which may develop due to partial fixity.
• Generally alternate bars are bent up at a distance of 0.15L (L/7) from center of
supports. The bar available at the upper face should be more than (L/10) (0.1L)
from center of support.
• The reinforcing detailing of one-way stab as shown below.
 h. Curtailment of Bar;
• The bars in a slab may be curtailed as per the recommendation curtailment of bars in
beams. But in practice the bars are bent not curtailed in slabs.

i. Shear Design:
• Slabs are safe in shear (nominal shear stress is very low Since b is large) therefore no
shear reinforcement is provided in slabs except that the alternate bars are beat up near
the supports.

j. Loads on slob
• self-weight of stab
• Live loads as per use
• Finishing & partitioned loads.

Design of one-way slab:

Steps:

1. Calculate design parameter for given slab with given grade of concrete and steel by considering
balanced section.
i. Xu,lim = 0.53d, 0.48d, 0.46d, according to given grade of steel (Cls 38.1)
ii. Mu,lim = page 96 IS 456:2000 (Cls G-1.1)
iii. Assume modification factor = β,γ,λ,δ (Cls. 23.2.1)

2. Calculate the assumed effective depth (d,assumed) from deflection criteria according to clause
23.2.1.
L/d ⩽α *Modification Factor
Α = Basic values of span to depth ratio

3. Calculate the total design load by using wu = 1.5(DL+LL) for simply supported slab and
cantilever slab but for continuous slab calculate separate factored DL and LL.
4. Calculate maximum bending moment according to type of slab,
𝑤𝑢∗𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓2
- For simply supported slab, BMmax = 8
𝑤𝑢∗𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 2
- For cantilever slab, BMmax = 2
- For continuous slab use Table 12 of IS456:2000.
5. Calculate actual effective depth of slab by using,
Mu, lim = BMmax
And check d,assumed > d,calculated
6. Calculate area of main reinforcement
Use, IS456:2000 CLs. G-1.1
Check for minimum reinforcement and spacing of rebars.
7. Area of distribution reinforcement is provided as per minimum reinforcement criteria.
Use Cls 26.5.2.1
Check for spacing.
8. Check for shear,
Shear is to be checked only. No shear reinforcement is provided.
9. Check for development length.
10. Check for deflection.