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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
❑is a complex network of glands and
organs.
❑Is a system of ductless glands that
releases chemicals ( hormones ) into the
blood to regulate body functions like
body's metabolism, energy level,
reproduction, growth and development,
and response to injury, stress, and mood
hormones
❑ Chemical messenger that is transported via blood stream to act on
distant target sell.
PINEAL
PITUITARY
THYROID/ PARATHYROID
THYMUS
PANCREAS
ADRENAL
OVARY
TESTES
Hypothalamus
➢ is in the lower central part of the brain.
➢ It links the endocrine system and nervous system.
➢ The nerve cells in this area make chemicals that control the
release of hormones secreted from the pituitary gland.
➢ gathers information sensed by the brain (such as the
surrounding temperature, light exposure, and feelings) and
sends it to the pituitary. This information influences the
hormones that the pituitary makes and releases.
Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones of the
Hypothalamus:
1. TRH-Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
2. GnRH- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
3. GHRH- Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
4. CRH- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
5. ADH-Antidiuretic Hormone
6. PRH-Prolactin Releasing Hormone
7. Oxytocin
8. Somatostatin
9. Dopamine
TRH-Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
Stimulate ( to give or assume the
appearance) the release of thyroid
releasing hormone ( TRH)
gnrh- gonadotropin releasing hormone
Triggers the sexual development at
the onset of puberty and
maintains female and male
physiology. Controls the release of
FSH and LH.
Ghrh- growth hormone releasing hormone
Stimulate the secretion of growth
hormone (GH)
Crh- corticotropin releasing hormone
Stimulate the release of
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Adh- antidiuretic hormone
Hormone that helps blood
vessels constrict and helps the
kidneys control the amount of
water and salt in the body
Prh- prolactin releasing hormone
Stimulate the release of prolactin
oxytocin
Stimulate uterine contraction in labor and
childbirth. Stimulate contraction of
breast tissue to aid in lactation
somatostatin
Inhibits the release of both GH and TSH
dopamine
Inhibits the release of prolactin, motor
control, motivation, pleasure and
activates reward center
PITUITARY GLAND
➢ often referred to as the ‘master gland’, as it controls the
secretion of a number of other endocrine glands
➢ receives instructions from the hypothalamus and consists of
two lobes (anterior and posterior lobe)
➢ The anterior lobe releases hormones in response to
stimulation by hypothalamic releasing factors
➢ The posterior lobe releases hormones produced by the
hypothalamus itself (via neurosecretory cells)
PITUITARY GLAND
➢ Growth Hormone(GH) which stimulates the growth of bone and other
body tissues and plays a role in the body's handling of nutrients and
minerals
➢ Prolactin which activates milk production in women who are
breastfeeding
➢ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which stimulates the thyroid
gland to make thyroid hormones
➢ Adrenocorticotropin Hormone(ACTH)- which stimulates the adrenal
gland to make certain hormones
➢ Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH)- in female in helps control the
menstrual cycle and production of egg cells in the ovaries. In male it helps
control the production of sperm
➢ Luteinizing Hormone(LH)- controls ovulation and helps with the
hormone production needed for pregnancy.
Pineal Gland
➢ is in the middle of the brain.
➢ It secretes ( produce or discharge)
melatonin
➢ a hormone that may help regulate when you
sleep at night and when you wake in the
morning.
Thyroid
➢ is in the front part of the lower neck. It's shaped like a
bow tie or butterfly.
➢ It makes the thyroid hormones calcitonin and
thyroxine which controls the rate at which cells burn
fuels from food to make energy. The more thyroid
hormone there is in the bloodstream, the faster chemical
reactions happen in the body.
➢ Thyroid hormones are important because they help kids'
and teens' bones grow and develop, and they also play a
role in the development of the brain and nervous system.
Parathyroid
They release parathyroid hormone, which controls the
level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin
which the thyroid makes.
ADRENAL GLANDS
➢ sit on top of each kidney.
The outer part is the adrenal cortex. It makes hormones
called corticosteroids that help control salt and water
balance in the body, the body's response to stress,
metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development
and function.
The inner part is the adrenal medulla It makes
epinephrine also called adrenaline, it increases blood
pressure and heart rate when the body is under stress.
PANCREAS
➢ makes insulin and glucagon which are
hormones that control the level of glucose, or
sugar, in the blood.
➢ Insulin helps keep the body supplied with stores
of energy. The body uses this stored energy for
exercise and activity, and it also helps organs
work as they should.
OVARIES
➢ Located in pelvis.
➢ They make eggs and secrete the female hormones
➢ Estrogen is involved when a girl starts puberty.
Determine female characteristics.
➢ Estrogen and progesterone are also involved in the
regulation of a girl’s menstrual cycle. These
hormones also play a role in pregnancy.
TESTES
➢ are in the scrotum.
➢ They secrete hormones called testosterone.
➢ These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to
make the changes associated with puberty.
Working with hormones from the pituitary gland,
testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to
make sperm in the testes.
Gland/ Oxytocin FSH GnRH Melatonin Thyroxine Testosterone Insulin Epinephrine Estrogen and
Hormone and progesterone
LH
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
(AL)
Pituitary
(PL)
Pineal
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovary
testes
