### Multiple Choice Questions on the Text:
#### **1. What is the origin of the word "psychology"?**
A) Latin
B) Greek
C) Arabic
D) French
---
#### **2. In Greek, what does "psyche" refer to?**
A) Mind
B) Soul
C) Spirit
D) All of the above
---
#### **3. What does the Greek word "logos" mean?**
A) Knowledge
B) Study
C) Discourse
D) All of the above
---
#### **4. What is the modern scientific definition of psychology?**
A) The study of emotions
B) The study of the brain
C) The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
D) The study of consciousness
---
#### **5. Which of the following best describes "behavior" in psychology?**
A) Internal thoughts and feelings
B) Outward actions and reactions
C) Biological functions
D) Genetic predispositions
---
#### **6. What are mental processes in psychology?**
A) Observable actions
B) Internal, covert activities of the mind
C) Physical responses to stimuli
D) External behaviors
---
#### **7. What are the four primary goals of psychology?**
A) Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control
B) Observation, Classification, Evaluation, Control
C) Analysis, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Evaluation
D) Behavior, Thought, Emotion, Learning
---
#### **8. Which of the following questions is associated with the goal of "description" in psychology?**
A) What is happening?
B) Why is it happening?
C) What will happen next?
D) How can we change it?
---
#### **9. What does the goal of "explanation" in psychology involve?**
A) Predicting future behavior
B) Finding reasons for observed behavior
C) Describing outward actions
D) Controlling undesirable behavior
---
#### **10. In the example of the freshman girl, what was the teacher trying to explain about her
behavior?**
A) Why she was behaving oddly
B) How to predict her future performance
C) How to control her negative attitude
D) What will happen if she continues to behave this way
---
#### **11. What is involved in the goal of "prediction" in psychology?**
A) Observing behavior
B) Controlling behavior
C) Determining what will happen in the future
D) Analyzing the cause of behavior
---
#### **12. What does the goal of "control" in psychology seek to do?**
A) Describe behavior
B) Find reasons for behavior
C) Change undesirable behavior
D) Measure mental processes
---
#### **13. What is the significance of Wilhelm Wundt in the history of psychology?**
A) He developed the theory of functionalism
B) He established the first psychology laboratory in 1879
C) He founded the psychoanalytic school of thought
D) He was the first American psychologist
---
#### **14. What method did Wundt develop to examine mental experiences?**
A) Introspection
B) Behaviorism
C) Hypnosis
D) Dream analysis
---
#### **15. What is a "school of thought" in psychology?**
A) A collection of psychological theories
B) A system of thinking about human behavior and mind
C) A set of psychological experiments
D) A specific method of treatment for psychological disorders
---
#### **16. Who is considered the founder of structuralism in psychology?**
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Edward Titchener
D) Max Wertheimer
---
#### **17. What was the main focus of structuralism in psychology?**
A) The function of mental processes
B) The study of observable behavior
C) The structure of the mind
D) The unconscious mind
---
#### **18. Which method was primarily used by structuralists to study the mind?**
A) Experimentation
B) Introspection
C) Case studies
D) Behavior analysis
---
#### **19. What is the key idea behind functionalism in psychology?**
A) Understanding the structure of the mind
B) Focusing on observable behavior
C) Examining the function of mental processes
D) Analyzing unconscious desires
---
#### **20. Who is considered the founder of functionalism?**
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Max Wertheimer
C) William James
D) John B. Watson
---
#### **21. What did William James focus on in his approach to psychology?**
A) Sensory elements of the mind
B) Adaptive functions of the mind
C) Unconscious drives
D) Observable behavior
---
#### **22. What is Gestalt psychology primarily concerned with?**
A) The function of behavior
B) The whole mind and its patterns
C) The study of behaviorism
D) The structure of the mind
---
#### **23. What does the Gestalt principle "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" mean?**
A) The mind is simply a collection of basic elements
B) The mind works in isolated sections
C) The mind should be viewed as a whole, not as separate elements
D) Behavior can be fully understood by analyzing individual sensations
---
#### **24. Who founded Gestalt psychology?**
A) John B. Watson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) William James
D) Max Wertheimer
---
#### **25. Which of the following best describes behaviorism in psychology?**
A) The study of unconscious mental processes
B) The study of observable and measurable behaviors
C) The study of the whole mind
D) The study of emotional and social factors
---
#### **26. Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?**
A) Edward Titchener
B) Max Wertheimer
C) John B. Watson
D) Sigmund Freud
---
#### **27. What is a central belief of behaviorism?**
A) Behavior is primarily influenced by unconscious drives
B) Behavior can be understood by studying observable actions
C) Behavior is determined by mental structures
D) Behavior is controlled by environmental stimuli and mental processes
---
#### **28. What did Watson believe about consciousness in behaviorism?**
A) It can be studied scientifically
B) It is irrelevant to psychological studies
C) It is the main focus of psychology
D) It is crucial for understanding behavior
---
#### **29. What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis?**
A) Conscious thoughts
B) Observable behavior
C) The unconscious mind
D) Adaptive mental functions
---
#### **30. Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?**
A) Edward Titchener
B) William James
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Max Wertheimer
---
#### **31. According to Freud, what does the unconscious mind contain?**
A) Conscious thoughts and memories
B) Hidden desires, wishes, and conflicts
C) Observable behavior patterns
D) Adaptive mental functions
---
#### **32. Freud believed that conflicts and emotional traumas from which period of life could affect
later behavior?**
A) Early childhood
B) Adolescence
C) Adulthood
D) Late childhood
---
#### **33. What method did Freud use to explore the unconscious mind?**
A) Behavior analysis
B) Dream analysis and hypnosis
C) Introspection
D) Experimental observation
---
#### **34. Freud compared consciousness to which part of an iceberg?**
A) The largest portion
B) The tip
C) The base
D) The whole iceberg
---
#### **35. What is the term Freud used to describe the conversion of emotional problems into bodily
problems?**
A) Hysteria
B) Neurosis
C) Psychosis
D) Conversion disorder
---
### **Answers:**
1. B) Greek
2. D) All of the above
3. D) All of the above
4. C) The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
5. B) Outward actions and reactions
6. B) Internal, covert activities of the mind
7. A) Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control
8. A) What is happening?
9. B) Finding reasons for observed behavior
10. A) Why she was behaving oddly
11. C) Determining what will happen in the future
12. C) Change undesirable behavior
13. B) He established the first psychology laboratory in 1879
14. A) Introspection
15. B) A system of thinking about human behavior and mind
16. C) Edward Titchener
17. C) The structure of the mind
18. B) Introspection
19. C) Examining the function of mental processes
20. C) William James
21. B) Adaptive functions of the mind
22. B) The whole mind and its patterns
23. C) The mind should be viewed as a whole, not as separate elements
24. D) Max Wertheimer
25. B) The study of observable and measurable behaviors
26. C) John B. Watson
27. B) Behavior can be understood by studying observable actions
28. B) It is irrelevant to psychological studies
29. C) The unconscious mind
30. C) Sigmund Freud
31. B) Hidden desires, wishes, and conflicts
32. A) Early childhood
33. B) Dream analysis and hypnosis
34. B) The tip
35. A) Hysteria
