MODULE 1 : NATURE AND HISTORY 21.

Which philosopher believed that

OF PSYCHOLOGY children are born as a “blank
ENUMERATION slate”?
1. Enumerate the four goals of a) Plato
psychology. b) Aristotle
2. List two types of behavior in c) John Locke
psychology. d) René Descartes
3. Early Development of Psychology 22. What is the primary interest of
4. Origins of Psychology cognitive psychologists?
5. List the modern perspectives in a) Brain structure
psychology. b) Mental processes
6. Identify schools of thought that c) Social influences
opposed structuralism. d) Workplace stress
7. List the steps of the scientific 23. Who developed psychoanalysis?
method in order. a) Sigmund Freud
8. Service providers to individuals b) Carl Rogers
9. Service providers to organizations c) John Watson
10. Psychologists in teaching and d) Abraham Maslow
research 24. Which perspective emphasizes
IDENTIFICATION brain functions and
11. The branch of psychology that neurotransmitters?
studies how people think, a) Sociocultural
remember, and solve problems. b) Behavioral
12. The father of psychology who c) Biological
established the first lab in 1879. d) Humanistic
13. The principle that “the whole is 25. What is the purpose of the
greater than the sum of its parts.” scientific method in psychology?
14. The idea that behavior is caused a) Predict behavior
by external or measurable factors. b) Describe behavior
15. The branch of psychology that c) Study behavior systematically
focuses on diagnosing and treating d) Classify mental disorders
mental disorders. 26. What does the term “free will”
16. The scientific study of how people refer to in psychology?
change over their lifespan. a) Behavior is determined by
17. The innate or biological component external factors
influencing behavior. b) Individuals make choices
18. Behavior focused on observable independently
actions. c) Behavior is controlled by
19. The perspective that emphasizes genetics
subjective experiences and d) Emotions govern behavior
personal growth. 27. Which school of thought focuses
20. The mental process where one on adaptive behavior and survival?
examines their thoughts and a) Functionalism
emotions. b) Structuralism
MULTIPLE CHOICE c) Gestalt psychology
d) Behaviorism
 28. What is the meaning of 40. Functionalism emphasizes the
introspection? analysis of consciousness into
a) Observing others’ behavior basic elements.
b) Examining one’s own SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
thoughts 41. Nicole always smiles whenever she
c) Recording brain activity greets her friends.
d) Studying dreams a) Overt behavior
29. Which school of psychology b) Covert behavior
emphasizes environmental 42. John is thinking about how to solve
influences on behavior? a math problem in his head.
a) Psychoanalysis a) Overt behavior
b) Behaviorism b) Covert behavior
c) Humanism 43. A teacher is interested in finding
d) Functionalism out whether students study better
30. What is the term for a hidden or in the morning or evening. What
private mental process? step in the scientific method
a) Overt behavior should they start with?
b) Covert behavior a) Collect data
c) Observable response b) Make an observation
d) Reflex c) Draw a conclusion
TRUE OR FALSE d) Identify variables
31. The term “psyche” in psychology 44. Sarah begins crying because she
refers to the body. remembers a sad childhood
32. Dualism refers to the idea that the memory. Which level of mind is at
mind and body are inseparable. work according to Freud?
33. Behaviorists believe that behavior a) Conscious
can be studied through b) Preconscious
introspection. c) Unconscious
34. The sociocultural perspective d) Subconscious
examines how society and culture 45. Mark refuses to believe that he
shape behavior. failed his exam and tells his friends
35. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow he did well. Which defense
were key figures in the humanistic mechanism is he using?
perspective. a) Displacement
36. The primary focus of experimental b) Repression
psychology is to treat mental c) Denial
disorders. d) Sublimation
37. John Watson is known for 46. During a team-building event,
pioneering the Gestalt approach. employees work together to solve
38. Freud believed that the a problem. Which branch of
unconscious mind influences psychology studies these
behavior. interactions?
39. The goal of prediction in a) Social psychology
psychology involves forecasting b) Cognitive psychology
future behavior based on current c) Clinical psychology
knowledge d) Industrial-organizational
psychology
47. Lisa enjoys solving puzzles and semester. Which psychological
brainstorming ideas. Which approach is being used?
psychological perspective explains a) Structuralism
her behavior? b) Functionalism
a) Behavioral c) Gestalt
b) Cognitive d) Psychoanalysis
c) Humanistic 53. In a study, participants report
d) Sociocultural seeing movement in flashing lights
48. A child learns to say “thank you” even though the lights do not
by watching their parents. What move. This reflects the principle
concept is this an example of? of…
a) Introspection a) Behaviorism
b) Classical conditioning b) Structuralism
c) Observational learning c) Gestalt
d) Repression d) Dualism
49. Despite growing up in a difficult 54. A parent observes that their child
environment, Clara believes she cries whenever they hear loud
can live a meaningful life by noises. The parent starts playing
choosing her own path. Which calming music to replace the
perspective best describes her child’s response. This scenario
belief? applies to…
a) Humanistic a) Gestalt psychology
b) Psychodynamic b) Classical conditioning
c) Cognitive c) Functionalism
d) Behavioral d) Dualism
50. David refuses to attend parties 55. A teacher rewards students with
because he feels overwhelmed by stars for good behavior, expecting
large crowds. A psychologist helps them to continue these behaviors.
him through gradual exposure to Which psychological approach is
crowded places. Which goal of the teacher following?
psychology is applied here? a) Behaviorism
a) Describe behavior b) Structuralism
b) Explain behavior c) Humanism
c) Predict behavior d) Gestalt
d) Change behavior 56. Maria believes that everything that
51. A psychologist asks participants to happens in her life is the result of
describe their feelings and her own choices. Which concept
sensations when looking at a best describes her belief?
painting. Which school of thought a) Determinism
does this reflect? b) Free will
a) Functionalism c) Dualism
b) Behaviorism d) Monism
c) Structuralism 57. Paul thinks that all his actions are
d) Gestalt influenced by external factors
52. A researcher studies how students beyond his control. Which concept
adapt their study habits to improve aligns with this belief?
performance throughout a a) Free will
 b) Dualism 25. c) Study behavior systematically
c) Determinism 26. b) Individuals make choices
d) Nature independently
58. Sam believes that the mind is 27. a) Functionalism
separate from the body but 28. b) Examining one’s own thoughts
somehow controls it. This belief 29. b) Behaviorism
reflects the concept of… 30. b) Covert behavior
a) Monism TRUE OR FALSE
b) Dualism 31. False – “Psyche” refers to the mind,
c) Determinism not the body.
d) Gestalt 32. False – Dualism suggests that the
59. A scientist claims that all thoughts mind and body are separate.
and behaviors are the result of 33. False– Behaviorists reject
brain processes, without any introspection and focus on observable
influence from a separate mind. behaviors.
Which concept is this? 34. True – The sociocultural perspective
a) Free will studies societal and cultural influences
b) Nature on behavior.
c) Dualism 35. True – Carl Rogers and Abraham
d) Monism Maslow are associated with the
60. Anna wonders whether her love for humanistic perspective.
music is due to her family 36. False – Experimental psychology
environment or inherited traits. focuses on research, not treatment.
Which debate is she exploring? 37. False – John Watson was a
a) Structuralism vs. behaviorist, not part of the Gestalt
Functionalism school.
b) Nature vs. Nurture 38. True – Freud emphasized the
c) Free Will vs. Determinism influence of the unconscious mind.
d) Dualism vs. Monism 39. True – Prediction involves
forecasting behavior based on existing
ANSWER KEY knowledge.
IDENTIFICATION 40. False – Functionalism focuses on the
11. Cognitive Psychology function of thoughts, not breaking them
12. Wilhelm Wundt down into elements.
13. Gestalt Psychology SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
14. Behaviorism 41. a) Overt behavior
15. Clinical/Counseling Psychology Reason: Smiling is an observable
16. Developmental Psychology action, so it’s overt behavior.
17. Nature 42. b) Covert behavior
18. overt Reason: Thinking is a mental process
19. Human-Existential Perspective that is not observable, making it covert
20. Introspection behavior.
MULTIPLE CHOICE 43. b) Make an observation
21. b) Aristotle Reason: Observations come first to
22. b) Mental processes identify patterns and formulate
23. a) Sigmund Freud questions for further study.
24. c) Biological 44. c) Unconscious
 Reason: The unconscious mind stores 56. b) Free will
repressed memories, which can Free will is the belief that individuals
influence behavior when triggered. have the power to make their own
45. c) Denial choices.
Reason: Denial involves refusing to 57. c) Determinism
accept an unpleasant reality. Determinism suggests that all behavior
46. a) Social psychology is caused by factors beyond personal
Reason: Social psychology focuses on control.
group interactions and behavior. 58. b) Dualism
47. b) Cognitive Dualism posits that the mind and body
Reason: The cognitive perspective are separate entities that interact with
studies how people think, solve each other.
problems, and process information. 59. d) Monism
48. c) Observational learning Monism argues that all mental
Reason: Observational learning involves processes are rooted in brain activity,
acquiring behaviors by watching others. with no separate mind-body distinction.
49. a) Humanistic 60. b) Nature vs. Nurture
Reason: The humanistic perspective The nature vs. nurture debate explores
emphasizes personal growth, free will, whether behavior is influenced more by
and self-fulfillment. genetics or environment.
50. d) Change behavior
Reason: The psychologist is helping
David change his behavior through
intervention.
51. c) Structuralism
Structuralism focuses on breaking
down conscious experiences into basic
elements, such as sensations and
feelings.
52. b) Functionalism MODULE 2: BIOLOGICAL
Functionalism studies how mental FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR
processes help individuals adapt to
MULTIPLE CHOICE
their environment.
1. What is the basic structural unit
53. c) Gestalt
of the nervous system?
The Gestalt approach emphasizes
a) Synapse
perceiving the whole, as in the flashing
b) Hormone
lights experiment, where motion is
c) Neuron
perceived even when it doesn’t exist.
d) Axon
54. b) Classical conditioning
2. Which part of the brain controls
Classical conditioning involves
complex thinking, memory, and
learning through association, as in
judgment?
replacing one response with another
a) Midbrain
through stimuli.
b) Forebrain
55. a) Behaviorism
c) Hindbrain
Behaviorism focuses on observable
d) Brainstem
behavior and reinforcement to shape
3. What is the function of the myelin
future actions.
sheath?
 a) Transmit signals faster b) Somatic
b) Absorb neurotransmitters c) Central
c) Release hormones d) Peripheral
d) Store chemical signals ENUMERATION
4. Which neurotransmitter is linked 11. Enumerate the four lobes of
to mood regulation and sleep? the brain
a) Dopamine 12. List three types of
b) Serotonin neurotransmitters.
c) GABA 13. Name the two divisions of
d) Norepinephrine the nervous system.
5. What nervous system controls 14. Enumerate the two divisions
involuntary actions like heart rate of the autonomic nervous system.
and digestion? 15. List two disorders caused by
a) Somatic nervous system neurotransmitter imbalance.
b) Peripheral nervous system 1. Identification
c) Autonomic nervous system 16. The fatty covering that
d) Central nervous system insulates nerve fibers.
6. Damage to which lobe of the 17. The neurotransmitter linked
brain can result in vision to pleasure and movement.
problems? 18. The structure that connects
a) Frontal lobe the brain to the rest of the body.
b) Temporal lobe 19. The gland responsible for
c) Parietal lobe regulating the body’s metabolism.
d) Occipital lobe 20. The gap between two
7. Which neurotransmitter is neurons where signals are
responsible for the “fight-or-flight” transmitted.
response? TRUE OR FALSE
a) Glutamate 21. The midbrain is responsible
b) Dopamine for basic reflex actions like
c) Epinephrine breathing.
d) Serotonin 22. Acetylcholine is the
8. Which brain hemisphere is neurotransmitter involved in
associated with creativity and muscle contraction.
imagination? 23. The right hemisphere of the
a) Right hemisphere brain handles logical reasoning
b) Left hemisphere and analysis.
c) Frontal lobe 24. The sympathetic nervous
d) Temporal lobe system calms the body after a
9. What hormone regulates the stressful event.
sleep-wake cycle? 25. The hypothalamus controls
a) Melatonin hunger, thirst, and sleep.
b) Dopamine SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
c) Oxytocin 26. Mark suddenly feels
d) Epinephrine nervous, and his heart starts
10. The spinal cord is part of racing before a big exam. Which
which nervous system? nervous system is activated?
a) Autonomic a) Somatic nervous system
 b) Parasympathetic nervous b) Difficulty with logical
system reasoning and planning
c) Sympathetic nervous c) Loss of muscle coordination
system d) Hearing impairments
d) Central nervous system 32. Jake’s heart rate slows, and
27. Sarah is trying to lift a his muscles relax as he calms
heavy box and engages her arm down after a stressful event.
muscles consciously. Which Which part of the nervous system
nervous system is responsible for is responsible?
this movement? a) Sympathetic nervous
a) Autonomic nervous system system
b) Somatic nervous system b) Central nervous system
c) Sympathetic nervous c) Somatic nervous system
system d) Parasympathetic nervous
d) Parasympathetic nervous system
system 33. Maria has low serotonin
28. David stayed awake all levels, which makes it difficult for
night, and now his melatonin her to sleep and regulate her
levels are very low. What effect mood. What condition is she likely
will this have? experiencing?
a) He will feel sleepy a) Depression
b) He will have trouble b) Schizophrenia
sleeping c) Parkinson’s disease
c) His appetite will increase d) Anxiety disorder
d) His heart rate will increase 34. Chris touches his knee, and
29. Anna touches a hot stove, the sensation quickly travels to
and her hand jerks back instantly. his brain. What type of neuron is
What structure made this reflex responsible for carrying this
possible? sensory information?
a) Brainstem a) Motor neuron
b) Spinal cord b) Sensory neuron
c) Cerebral cortex c) Interneuron
d) Temporal lobe d) Somatic neuron
30. Paul feels intense pain relief 35. Emma suddenly runs faster
and euphoria after exercising for after encountering a stray dog
an hour. Which neurotransmitter barking loudly. What hormone is
is responsible? responsible for her fight-or-flight
a) Glutamate response?
b) Serotonin a) Melatonin
c) Endorphins b) Oxytocin
d) Dopamine c) Epinephrine
31. After a traumatic accident, d) Dopamine
Jenny's frontal lobe was damaged. 36. John has difficulty balancing
What behavior change might and coordinating his movements
occur? after an injury. Which brain
a) Increased visual impairment structure is likely affected?
a) Cerebellum
 b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe
d) Brainstem
37. A person struggles with
memory loss and cognitive
decline. What neurotransmitter is
most likely involved?
a) Acetylcholine
b) Dopamine
c) Serotonin
d) Norepinephrine
38. Lily's ability to feel pain is
reduced after an injury, allowing
her to run for help. What
neurotransmitter is responsible
for this relief?
a) Epinephrine
b) Serotonin
c) Endorphins
d) Glutamate
39. Tom consistently
experiences muscle spasms due
to abnormal neurotransmitter
activity. Which neurotransmitter is
likely in low supply?
a) Acetylcholine
b) Dopamine
c) Serotonin
d) GABA
40. Alice feels dizzy after
standing up too quickly, and her
body struggles to regulate blood
pressure. Which nervous system
component is malfunctioning?
a) Somatic nervous system
b) Sympathetic nervous
system
c) Parasympathetic nervous
system
d) Peripheral nervous system
 ANSWER KEY 27. b) Somatic nervous system*
MULTIPLE CHOICE 28. b) He will have trouble sleeping
1. c) Neuron 29. b) Spinal cord
2. b) Forebrain 30. c) Endorphins
3. a) Transmit signals faster 31. b) Difficulty with logical reasoning
4. b) Serotonin and planning
5. c) Autonomic nervous system 32. d) Parasympathetic nervous system
6. d) Occipital lobe 33. a) Depression
7. c) Epinephrine 34. b) Sensory neuron
8. a) Right hemisphere 35. c) Epinephrine
9. a) Melatonin 36. a) Cerebellum
10. c) Central 37. a) Acetylcholine
ENUMERATION 38. c) Endorphins
11. Four lobes of the brain: 39. a) Acetylcholine
- Frontal lobe 40. b) Sympathetic nervous system
- Temporal lobe
- Parietal lobe MODULE 3: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- Occipital lobe
MULTIPLE CHOICE
12. Three types of neurotransmitters:
1. Which stage in Freud's theory is
- Dopamine
associated with toilet training?
- Serotonin
a) Oral
- GABA
b) Anal
13. Two divisions of the nervous system:
c) Phallic
- Central Nervous System
d) Genital
- Peripheral Nervous System
2. At which stage does Erikson
14. Two divisions of the autonomic
suggest individuals struggle with
nervous system:
intimacy vs. isolation?
- Sympathetic Nervous System
a) Adolescence
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
b) Young adulthood
15. Two disorders caused by
c) Middle adulthood
neurotransmitter imbalance:
d) Late adulthood
- Parkinson’s disease
3. According to Piaget, what is the
- Schizophrenia
key development in the
IDENTIFICATION (16–20)
sensorimotor stage?
16. Myelin sheath
a) Abstract thinking
17. Dopamine
b) Conservation
18. Spinal cord
c) Object permanence
19. Thyroid gland
d) Symbolic function
20. Synapse
4. What does the term "growth
True or False
spurt" refer to during puberty?
21. False
a) Sudden emotional changes
22. True
b) Accelerated cognitive
23. False
development
24. False
c) Rapid increase in height and
25. True
weight
SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
d) Onset of sexual maturity
26. c) Sympathetic nervous system
5. Which stage of Kohlberg’s moral ENUMERATION
development focuses on social 1. List three stages of Piaget's
contracts? cognitive development theory.
a) Obedience and punishment 2. Name five stages in Erikson's
b) Individualism and exchange psychosocial development theory.
c) Law and order 3. Identify three major
d) Social contract developmental domains
6. Which developmental task is discussed in the module.
characteristic of early childhood? 4. Enumerate the stages of Freud's
a) Developing school psychosexual development.
readiness 5. List two physiological needs
b) Reflecting on life during adulthood as described in
c) Establishing intimate the module.
relationships 6. Name three tasks characteristic
d) Achieving a sense of of late childhood development.
identity 7. Enumerate three characteristics
7. Which of the following is a of adolescence according to the
characteristic of the concrete module.
operational stage? 8. List three common changes
a) Hypothetical thinking experienced during puberty.
b) Symbolic play 9. Identify three characteristics of
c) Logical reasoning about Piaget’s preoperational stage.
tangible objects 10.Name five types of moral
d) Egocentrism reasoning as proposed by
8. Erikson's "Trust vs. Mistrust" Kohlberg.
conflict is associated with: IDENTIFICATION
a) Adolescence 1. The psychological conflict in
b) Infancy adolescence according to Erikson.
c) Early adulthood 2. The term for the understanding
d) Middle adulthood that objects exist even when not
9. What is the focus of moral seen.
reasoning in the preconventional 3. The concept describing a time
stage? when growth accelerates in
a) Upholding laws height and weight.
b) Avoiding punishment 4. The father of psychoanalysis and
c) Following social contracts creator of the theory of
d) Pursuing personal ethics psychosexual development.
10. During which stage of life is 5. The stage of moral development
the need for affiliation most where individuals focus on
prominent according to the universal ethical principles.
module? 6. The developmental phase from 18
a) Early childhood to 40 years old.
b) Adolescence 7. A major developmental stage
c) Early adulthood associated with early exploration
d) Late adulthood and self-play.
8. The theory stating that
development occurs across
 physical, cognitive, and 2. Mark, a 7-year-old, struggles with
psychosocial domains. school tasks and feels
9. The age range typically discouraged when he fails to
associated with early childhood. solve problems. What conflict is
10. The term describing the he experiencing according to
tendency to focus on more than Erikson?
one aspect of a problem. a) Trust vs. Mistrust
TRUE OR FALSE b) Autonomy vs. Shame and
1. Piaget's theory suggests that Doubt
logical thinking begins in the c) Initiative vs. Guilt
preoperational stage. d) Industry vs. Inferiority
2. Erikson's last stage is focused on 3. Lily begins asserting her own will
the conflict between ego integrity at age 3 by choosing her clothes.
and despair. Which stage is she in based on
3. Kohlberg’s preconventional Erikson's psychosocial theory?
morality stage involves reasoning a) Trust vs. Mistrust
based on social approval. b) Autonomy vs. Shame and
4. Freud's phallic stage is associated Doubt
with sexual interest in the c) Initiative vs. Guilt
opposite sex. d) Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Adolescence is characterized by a 4. John decides not to lie even if he
rapid acceleration in cognitive could benefit because he believes
development. honesty is universally right. Which
6. Early adulthood marks the peak of of Kohlberg's stages does this
physical performance. reflect?
7. Piaget's sensorimotor stage a) Law and Order
involves the development of b) Social Contract
abstract thinking. c) Universal Ethical Principles
8. Kohlberg’s moral development d) Maintaining Interpersonal
stages are fixed and cannot Relationships
regress. 5. Maria is 16 and trying to form a
9. Erikson's theory covers sense of identity while balancing
development only up to middle social expectations. What
adulthood. developmental stage does this
10. The formal operational represent?
stage begins in adolescence. a) Adolescence
SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS b) Early Adulthood
1. During a stressful exam, Sarah c) Middle Adulthood
remains calm and collected. What d) Late Childhood
stage of Erikson’s theory is she 6. Michael, a 13-year-old, is
demonstrating by maintaining experiencing rapid growth in
competence under pressure? height and weight and is
a) Initiative vs. Guilt becoming more self-conscious
b) Industry vs. Inferiority about his appearance. Which
c) Identity vs. Role Confusion developmental period is he likely
d) Intimacy vs. Isolation experiencing?
i. a) Early childhood
 ii. b) Late childhood d) Formal Operational
iii. c) Puberty
iv. d) Early adulthood ANSWER KEY
7. Emma is 4 years old and loves to MULTIPLE CHOICE
play "house" with her friends, 1. b) Anal
pretending to be a parent. This 2. b) Young adulthood
kind of play helps her develop 3. c) Object permanence
social skills. Which stage of 4. c) Rapid increase in height and
Erikson's psychosocial weight
development is Emma likely in? 5. d) Social contract
a) Trust vs. Mistrust 6. a) Developing school readiness
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and 7. c) Logical reasoning about tangible
Doubt objects
c) Initiative vs. Guilt 8. b) Infancy
d) Industry vs. Inferiority 9. b) Avoiding punishment
8. After facing criticism for a project 10. c) Early adulthood
at work, 45-year-old Mark feels
unmotivated and questions his
role in life. According to Erikson, ENUMERATION
which conflict is he likely 1.Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
experiencing? Concrete Operational
a) Intimacy vs. Isolation 2. Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs.
b) Identity vs. Role Confusion Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt,
c) Generativity vs. Stagnation Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role
d) Ego Integrity vs. Despair Confusion
9. Anna's parents notice that she 3. Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial
has developed a strong 4. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
attachment to her toys and insists 5. Affiliation, Achievement
on bringing them everywhere. At 6. Personal hygiene, Self-play, School
age 2, which developmental readiness
phase is she in according to 7. Identity formation, Peer relationships,
Freud's theory? Independence development
a) Oral 8. Height increase, Weight gain,
b) Anal Development of secondary sexual
c) Phallic characteristics
d) Latency 9. Egocentrism, Symbolic play, Focus on
10. During a class discussion, present
10-year-old Liam can understand 10. Obedience and punishment,
that others may have different Individualism and exchange,
opinions than his own, and he Interpersonal relationships, Law and
uses logical reasoning to justify order, Social contract
his perspective. What stage of IDENTIFICATION
Piaget’s cognitive development 1. Identity vs. Role Confusion
does this indicate? 2. Object permanence
a) Sensorimotor 3. Growth spurt
b) Preoperational 4. Sigmund Freud
c) Concrete Operational 5. Universal Ethical Principles
6. Early adulthood 3. What is the process of detecting
7. Early childhood and recognizing scents called?
8. Lifespan development theory a) Gustation
9. 2 to 6 years old b) Perception
10. Decentering c) Olfaction
TRUE OR FALSE d) Audition
1. False 4. How do cones in the retina
2. True contribute to vision?
3. False a) Provide black-and-white
4. True vision
5. False b) Allow for color vision and
6. True detailed perception
7. False c) Detect low levels of light
8. False d) Transmit impulses directly
9. False to the brain
10. True 5. Which of the following is not one
SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS of the five major senses?
1. b) Industry vs. Inferiority a) Vision
2. d) Industry vs. Inferiority b) Hearing
3. b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt c) Balance
4. c) Universal Ethical Principles d) Gustation
5. a) Adolescence 6. What happens after a smell binds
6. c) Puberty to a receptor in the nose?
7. c) Initiative vs. Guilt a) The smell gets amplified by
8. c) Generativity vs. Stagnation the cochlea
9. b) Anal b) The receptor activates and
10. c) Concrete Operational sends an impulse to the
brain
MODULE 4: SENSATION AND c) The smell gets transmitted
PERCEPTION to the eardrum
d) The nose directly sends the
MULTIPLE CHOICE
smell to the tongue
1. What is the primary role of rods in
7. The initial input of raw
the eye?
information through the senses is
a) Color vision
called:
b) Low light and black-and-
a) Perception
white vision
b) Sensation
c) Detecting fine visual details
c) Cognition
d) Transmitting electric
d) Interpretation
impulses
8. Which part of the tongue contains
2. Which structure in the ear is
the receptors for detecting
responsible for converting sound
flavors?
waves into electrical impulses?
a) Taste buds
a) Eardrum
b) Papillae
b) Cochlea
c) Gustatory cells
c) Auditory nerve
d) Nerve endings
d) Ear canal
 9. The skin's ability to detect 6. The primary sense associated
pressure, temperature, and with detecting physical sensations
texture falls under which sense? like temperature.
a) Gustation 7. The transparent structure in the
b) Olfaction eye that helps focus light onto the
c) Touch retina.
d) Vision 8. The tube that carries sound
10. Which of the following waves from the outer ear to the
structures controls the amount of eardrum.
light entering the eye? 9. The chemical process that occurs
a) Retina when a smell binds to receptors in
b) Cornea the nose.
c) Iris 10. The sense that involves
d) Optic nerve detecting sound waves and
Enumeration processing them in the brain.
1. List the five major senses. TRUE OR FALSE
2. Name parts of the human eye 1. Sensation refers to the
3. Identify three structures of the interpretation of sensory
human ear involved in hearing. information.
4. Enumerate the steps involved in 2. The cochlea is responsible for
processing a smell through the detecting balance.
nose. 3. Rods in the retina detect color
5. List four physical sensations vision.
detected by the skin. 4. The iris controls the amount of
6. Name three taste qualities light entering the eye.
detected by the tongue. 5. Taste receptors are found only on
7. Enumerate three processes the tongue.
involved in converting light into a 6. Olfaction is the process of
visual signal. detecting scents and odors.
8. List three structures found in the 7. The skin can detect sensations
human nose for detecting scents. such as pressure and
9. Name the three types of receptors temperature.
found in the retina. 8. Sensation involves sending raw
10. Enumerate three factors information to the brain for
that can influence human processing.
perception. 9. The auditory nerve directly
IDENTIFICATION receives sound waves from the
1. The process by which the brain ear canal.
interprets sensory information. 10. Perception is the brain's
2. The part of the ear that vibrates interpretation of sensory input.
in response to sound waves. SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
3. The receptors on the tongue 1. Emma touches a hot stove and
responsible for detecting taste. quickly pulls her hand back.
4. The sensory organ responsible for Which sense is involved in
detecting scents. detecting the heat and initiating
5. The cells in the retina that detect her reaction?
color. a) Vision
 b) Touch Which sensory process alerted
c) Hearing him?
d) Olfaction a) Touch
2. After a loud concert, John b) Hearing
experiences ringing in his ears. c) Olfaction
Which part of his ear is likely d) Vision
affected by the noise? 8. Mark notices that his vision is
a) Cochlea blurry when trying to read text on
b) Ear canal a screen. Which part of his eye
c) Eardrum may not be focusing light
d) Auditory nerve properly?
3. Mia struggles to see clearly in dim a) Cornea
light. Which cells in her retina b) Retina
might not be functioning c) Iris
properly? d) Optic nerve
a) Cones 9. Amy struggles to differentiate
b) Rods between high-pitched and low-
c) Bipolar cells pitched sounds. Which part of her
d) Ganglion cells auditory system might be
4. Alex smells something burning affected?
while cooking but cannot identify a) Eardrum
what it is. What process might b) Ossicles
help him detect and identify the c) Cochlea
scent? d) Auditory nerve
a) Olfaction 10. Tom feels a light touch on
b) Gustation his arm but isn't sure what it was.
c) Audition Which type of sensory receptor
d) Touch might be involved in detecting
5. Lily cannot taste the sweetness of this sensation?
her favorite candy due to a cold. a) Ruffini cylinders
Which part of the gustatory b) Meissner's corpuscles
process is likely disrupted? c) Pacinian corpuscles
a) Taste buds d) Merkel discs
b) Saliva production
c) Gustatory cells
d) Olfactory stimulation
6. After entering a dark room, Jane
gradually starts to see objects
more clearly. What visual process ANSWER KEY
is she experiencing? MULTIPLE CHOICE
a) Light adaptation 1. b) Low light and black-and-white
b) Dark adaptation vision
c) Photochemical reaction 2. b) Cochlea
d) Visual accommodation 3. c) Olfaction
7. While driving, Paul suddenly 4. b) Allow for color vision and detailed
smells gasoline, which prompts perception
him to pull over and check his car. 5. c) Balance
6. b) The receptor activates and sends 2. False
an impulse to the brain 3. False
7. b) Sensation 4. True
8. a) Taste buds 5. False
9. c) Touch 6. True
10. c) Iris 7. True
ENUMERATION 8. True
1. Five major senses: Vision, Hearing, 9. False
Olfaction, Gustation, Touch 10. True
2. Three parts of the human eye: SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
Cornea, Lens, Retina 1. b) Touch
3. Three structures of the ear: Ear 2. a) Cochlea
canal, Eardrum, Cochlea 3. b) Rods
4. Steps in processing a smell: Smell 4. a) Olfaction
enters the nose, binds to receptors, 5. a) Taste buds
receptor activates, signal is sent to the 6. b) Dark adaptation
brain 7. c) Olfaction
5. Four physical sensations detected by 8. a) Cornea
the skin: Pressure, Temperature, Pain, 9. c) Cochlea
Texture 10. b) Meissner's corpuscles
6. Three taste qualities: Sweet, Salty,
Bitter MODULE 5: CONSCIOUSNESS
7. Three processes for converting light MULTIPLE CHOICE
into a visual signal: Light enters the 1. What state of awareness involves
eye, focused by the lens, converted into paying close attention to a single
electrical impulses by the retina stimulus?
8. Three structures in the nose for a) Flowing consciousness
detecting scents: Olfactory bulb, b) Directed consciousness
Olfactory receptor cells, Nasal cavity c) Daydreaming
9. Three types of receptors in the d) Subconscious
retina: Rods, Cones, Ganglion cells 2. What term describes mental
10. Three factors that influence activities outside conscious
perception: Culture, Expectations, awareness?
Previous experiences a) Preconscious
IDENTIFICATION b) Subconscious
1. Perception c) Unconscious
2. Eardrum d) Conscious
3. Taste buds 3. Which of the following helps reset
4. Nose the circadian rhythm?
5. Cones a) Stress
6. Touch b) Meals
7. Cornea c) Light
8. Ear canal d) Sound
9. Chemical binding 4. Which sleep stage is associated
10. Hearing with dreams and increased brain
TRUE OR FALSE activity?
1. False a) NREM Stage 2
 b) REM sleep 2. Enumerate three examples of
c) Deep sleep (Stage 4) zeitgebers that reset the circadian
d) Stage 1 rhythm.
5. What is the dominant zeitgeber 3. Provide three advantages of
for land animals? daydreaming.
a) Light 4. List three types of normal waking
b) Exercise consciousness described in the
c) Temperature module.
d) Meals 5. Name four activities influenced by
6. Which psychologist is known for circadian rhythms.
establishing experimental 6. Enumerate three common effects
psychology at Harvard? of jet lag.
a) William James 7. List three key components of
b) Sigmund Freud meditation.
c) B.F. Skinner 8. Provide two types of processes
d) Carl Jung outside conscious awareness.
7. What is the term for disruptions in 9. Name two sleep disorders
sleep patterns due to crossing mentioned in the module.
time zones? 10. List the three types of
a) Shift work subconscious processes.
b) Jet lag IDENTIFICATION
c) Circadian drift 1. The practice of focusing attention
d) REM rebound to control mental processes and
8. What is the purpose of reduce stress.
meditation, according to the 2. A procedure that opens people to
module? the power of suggestion.
a) Improve physical health 3. The type of rhythm associated
b) Enhance multitasking with a 24-hour cycle of
c) Enter REM sleep wakefulness and sleep.
d) Reduce rapid thinking 4. The stimulus that helps reset
9. Which of these is a component of biological rhythms.
altered consciousness? 5. The machine that measures
a) Hypnosis electrical brain activity during
b) Directed awareness sleep.
c) Flowing attention 6. The slowest brain waves,
d) Morning alertness associated with deep sleep.
10. What happens in Stage 3 of 7. A state of consciousness where a
sleep? person’s mind drifts from thought
a) Increased heart rate to thought.
b) Penile erection 8. Disruption in circadian rhythms
c) Slow brain waves from crossing time zones.
d) Rapid brain activity 9. A psychologist who studied
consciousness and founded
ENUMERATION QUESTIONS experimental psychology.
1. List the five stages of sleep. 10. The period of focused
thinking about fantasies.
 a) Hypnosis
TRUE OR FALSE b) Guided imagery
1. The REM stage of sleep involves c) Mantra
slow brain waves. d) Flowing consciousness
2. Subconscious activities can be
brought into awareness with 4. While walking home, Ben is lost in
attention. thought and doesn't notice the
3. Light is the only zeitgeber that turns he takes. What state of
resets the biological clock. consciousness is Ben in?
4. Meditation reduces both mental a) Directed consciousness
and physical stress. b) Divided consciousness
5. Daydreaming always indicates a c) Hypnosis
mental disorder. d) Flowing consciousness
6. The circadian rhythm affects only 5. After several nights of poor sleep,
the sleep-wake cycle. Rachel falls into a deep sleep
7. Shift work disrupts normal sleep stage with slow brain waves.
patterns. What stage is she likely in?
8. Hypnosis always results in deep a) Stage 1
sleep. b) Stage 2
9. Endogenous rhythms are c) Stage 3
generated from within the body. d) REM
10. William James believed that 6. Lisa finds herself waking up
attention limits what enters our during the night and unable to
consciousness. return to sleep. What sleep
SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS disturbance might she have?
1. Anna works irregular shifts, and a) Night terrors
lately, she has been experiencing b) Insomnia
trouble sleeping and c) Sleep apnea
concentrating. What condition d) REM disorder
might Anna be experiencing? 7. During a lecture, Eric starts
a) Sleep apnea daydreaming about an upcoming
b) Jet lag vacation. What type of
c) Shift work disorder consciousness is he experiencing?
d) Insomnia a) Directed
2. John crossed multiple time zones b) Flowing
on a flight and now feels tired c) Subconscious
during the day but cannot sleep d) Divided
at night. What is this situation 8. Lily feels calmer and more in
called? control after practicing breathing
a) REM rebound exercises daily. Which altered
b) Jet lag state of consciousness is she
c) Sleep paralysis likely practicing?
d) Night terrors a) Sleep
3. During meditation, Claire repeats b) Hypnosis
a word with religious meaning c) Meditation
silently. What is this practice d) Daydreaming
called?
 9. After staying awake all night, Paul - Directed consciousness
notices that he feels more alert as - Flowing consciousness
morning approaches. What - Daydreaming
explains this phenomenon? 5. Activities Influenced by Circadian
a) Endogenous rhythm Rhythms:
b) REM rebound - Sleep
c) Circadian rhythm - Eating and drinking
d) Shift work - Urination
10. Sarah’s brain shows bursts - Hormone secretion
of rapid waves called spindles 6. Effects of Jet Lag:
during sleep. Which stage of sleep - Sleepiness during the day
is she in? - Sleeplessness at night
a) Stage 1 - Impaired concentration
b) Stage 2 7. Components of Meditation:
c) REM - Focusing attention
d) Stage 3 - Repetitive chanting or breathing
- Reducing stress
ANSWER KEY 8. Processes Outside Conscious
Multiple Choice Awareness:
1. b) Directed consciousness - Subconscious
2. b) Subconscious - Preconscious
3. c) Light - Unconscious
4. b) REM sleep 9. Sleep Disorders Mentioned:
5. a) Light - Jet lag
6. a) William James - Shift work disorder
7. b) Jet lag 10. Three Types of Subconscious
8. d) Reduce rapid thinking Processes:
9. a) Hypnosis - Subconscious
10. c) Slow brain waves - Preconscious
Enumeration Questions - Unconscious
1. Five Stages of Sleep: Identification
- Stage 1 1. Meditation
- Stage 2 2. Hypnosis
- Stage 3 3. Circadian rhythm
- Stage 4 (Deep sleep) 4. Zeitgeber
- Stage 5 (REM sleep) 5. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
2. Examples of Zeitgebers: 6. Delta waves
- Light 7. Flowing consciousness
- Meals 8. Jet lag
- Exercise 9. William James
3. Advantages of Daydreaming: 10. Daydreaming
- Enhances creativity and originality True or False
- Explores the future by reflecting on 1. False – REM involves rapid brain
the past waves, not slow ones.
- Develops personality 2. True
4. Three Types of Normal Waking 3. False – Other zeitgebers include
Consciousness: meals and exercise.
4. True 4. Which of the following
5. False – Daydreaming is normal and strengthens behavior through
helps self-development. repetition?
6. False – It also affects eating, drinking, a) Law of Readiness
and hormone secretion. b) Law of Exercise
7. True c) Law of Effect
8. False – Hypnosis does not induce d) Sign Learning
sleep but opens people to suggestion. 5. What is the term for a sudden
9. **True** realization of a solution to a
10. True problem?
Situational Problems a) Stimulus discrimination
1. c) Shift work disorder b) Operant conditioning
2. b) Jet lag c) Insight learning
3. c) Mantra d) Multiple-response learning
4. b) Divided consciousness 6. Which type of conditioning
5. c) Stage 3 involves learning to avoid a
6. b) Insomnia painful experience?
7. b) Flowing a) Escape conditioning
8. c) Meditation b) Primary reward conditioning
9. c) Circadian rhythm c) Avoidance conditioning
10. b) Stage 2 d) Secondary reward
conditioning
MODULE 6: LEARNING AND 7. Who emphasized that behavior
CONDITIONING operates on the environment to
MULTIPLE CHOICE generate consequences?
1. What type of learning involves a) Wolfgang Kohler
the association of two stimuli? b) Edward Thorndike
a) Operant conditioning c) Ivan Pavlov
b) Insight learning d) B.F. Skinner
c) Classical conditioning 8. In Pavlov’s experiment, what role
d) Sign learning does the bell play after
2. Which psychologist is known for conditioning?
studying classical conditioning? a) Unconditioned response
a) B.F. Skinner b) Conditioned stimulus
b) Ivan Pavlov c) Unconditioned stimulus
c) Edward Thorndike d) Neutral stimulus
d) Wolfgang Kohler 9. What happens when a
3. What kind of reinforcement conditioned response weakens
increases the likelihood of and eventually disappears?
behavior by removing an a) Generalization
unpleasant stimulus? b) Acquisition
a) Positive punishment c) Extinction
b) Negative punishment d) Insight
c) Positive reinforcement 10. What process involves
d) Negative reinforcement responding similarly to stimuli
that resemble the conditioned
stimulus?
 a) Stimulus discrimination approximations of the desired
b) Stimulus generalization action.
c) Operant conditioning 8. The law stating that satisfying
d) Insight learning outcomes strengthen behavior.
ENUMERATION 9. Learning based on rewards and
1. List three types of operant consequences.
conditioning. 10. What happens when a
2. Enumerate the three major laws person applies previous learning
of learning according to Edward to new situations?
Thorndike. 1. True or False
3. Name three types of 1. Operant conditioning focuses on
reinforcement. involuntary responses.
4. List four stages of classical 2. Classical conditioning was first
conditioning. studied by Edward Thorndike.
5. Provide two differences between 3. Positive punishment decreases
operant and classical the likelihood of a behavior.
conditioning. 4. The law of readiness emphasizes
6. Name three psychologists related motivation.
to learning theories in this 5. Negative reinforcement involves
module. removing a pleasant stimulus.
7. Enumerate three types of 6. Insight learning often happens
insightful learning processes. gradually over time.
8. List three examples of positive 7. Operant conditioning requires
reinforcement. active participation from the
9. Name four types of learning learner.
discussed in this module. 8. Generalization involves
10. Enumerate two types of responding differently to similar
punishment in operant stimuli.
conditioning. 9. Avoidance conditioning teaches
IDENTIFICATION behavior to prevent a negative
1. Learning through the association event.
of stimuli. 10. Pavlov’s experiment used
2. A sudden “aha” experience that rewards to shape behavior.
provides a solution to a problem. SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS
3. The psychologist who pioneered 1. Ben’s dog learns to salivate at the
operant conditioning. sound of a bell after repeated
4. The process of eliminating a pairings with food. What type of
learned response by not learning is this?
reinforcing it. a) Insight learning
5. A kind of learning where behavior b) Operant conditioning
avoids a negative outcome. c) Classical conditioning
6. The term for the repetition of d) Multiple-response learning
behaviors to increase 2. Maya studies hard to avoid failing
performance. her exam. What type of
7. When behavior is shaped by conditioning is this?
rewarding successive a) Escape conditioning
b) Avoidance conditioning
 c) Primary reward conditioning crying. What kind of
d) Secondary reward reinforcement is used?
conditioning a) Positive reinforcement
3. John receives praise for b) Negative reinforcement
completing his homework on c) Positive punishment
time. What kind of reinforcement d) Negative punishment
is this? 9. Jane gets a speeding ticket,
a) Negative reinforcement causing her to drive more
b) Positive reinforcement cautiously in the future. What is
c) Positive punishment this an example of?
d) Negative punishment a) Positive punishment
4. Sarah is frustrated because her b) Negative reinforcement
previous good behavior is no c) Positive reinforcement
longer rewarded, and she stops d) Negative punishment
trying. What concept is 10. A teacher removes
demonstrated? privileges when students
a) Extinction misbehave, resulting in better
b) Stimulus discrimination behavior. What is this?
c) Generalization a) Positive punishment
d) Acquisition b) Negative punishment
5. Peter takes aspirin to relieve a c) Positive reinforcement
headache, and the headache d) Negative reinforcement
disappears. What kind of
reinforcement is this? ANSWER KEY
a) Positive punishment MULTIPLE CHOICE
b) Negative reinforcement 1. c) Classical conditioning
c) Positive reinforcement 2. b) Ivan Pavlov
d) Negative punishment 3. d) Negative reinforcement
6. Lily works diligently because she 4. b) Law of Exercise
wants to earn a medal at the end 5. c) Insight learning
of the school year. What 6. c) Avoidance conditioning
motivates her behavior? 7. d) B.F. Skinner
a) Intrinsic reward 8. b) Conditioned stimulus
b) Extrinsic reward 9. c) Extinction
c) Avoidance conditioning 10. b) Stimulus generalization
d) Escape conditioning ENUMERATION
1. Three Types of Operant Conditioning:
7. Emma trains her cat by giving it a - Primary reward conditioning
treat every time it sits on - Escape conditioning
command. What learning process - Avoidance conditioning
is at work? 2. Three Major Laws of Learning
a) Operant conditioning (Thorndike):
b) Classical conditioning - Law of Readiness
c) Insight learning - Law of Exercise
d) Rational learning - Law of Effect
8. A child cries in the store, and the 3. Three Types of Reinforcement:
parent buys a toy to stop the - Positive reinforcement
 - Negative reinforcement 5. Avoidance conditioning
- Secondary reward 6. Repetition
4. Four Stages of Classical Conditioning: 7. Shaping
- Acquisition 8. Law of Effect
- Stimulus Generalization 9. Operant conditioning
- Stimulus Discrimination 10. Generalization
- Extinction True or False
5. Two Differences Between Operant 1. False – Operant conditioning involves
and Classical Conditioning: voluntary responses.
- Operant conditioning involves 2. False – Classical conditioning was
voluntary behavior; classical studied by Ivan Pavlov.
conditioning involves involuntary 3. True
responses. 4. True
- Operant conditioning uses 5. False – Negative reinforcement
reinforcement; classical conditioning removes an unpleasant stimulus, not a
uses stimulus associations. pleasant one.
6. Three Psychologists Related to 6. False – Insight learning happens
Learning Theories: suddenly, not gradually.
- Ivan Pavlov 7. True
- B.F. Skinner 8. False – Generalization means
- Edward Thorndike responding similarly, not differently, to
7. Three Processes of Insightful stimuli.
Learning: 9. True
- Surveying relevant conditions 10. False – Pavlov used conditioned
- Determining instrumental value stimuli, not rewards, to shape behavior.
- Eureka (Aha!) experience Situational
8. Three Examples of Positive 1. c) Classical conditioning
Reinforcement: 2. b) Avoidance conditioning
- Praise after good behavior 3. b) Positive reinforcement
- Giving a child a toy for cleaning their 4. a) Extinction
room 5. b) Negative reinforcement
- Rewarding a student for good grades 6. b) Extrinsic reward
9. Four Types of Learning: 7. a) Operant conditioning
- Classical conditioning 8. b) Negative reinforcement
- Operant conditioning 9. a) Positive punishment
- Insight learning 10.b) Negative punishment
- Multiple-response learning

10. Two Types of Punishment in Operant

Conditioning:
- Positive punishment
- Negative punishment
Identification Questions
1. Classical conditioning
2. Insight learning
3. B.F. Skinner
4. Extinction