481 Study Guide Final Exam
Please complete the blanks accurately to prepare for your exam. If you turn in the
completed form accurately by the deadline on Blackboard, you will receive extra credit
as outlined in the class syllabus/Blackboard.
1. Neobehaviorism promoted the use of operational definitions and objective
observation.
2. What are the 3 components of personality according to Freud?
Id, Ego, Superego
3. Adler promoted a holistic theory that considered feelings of inferiority and how
individuals strive for superiority.
4. During the time of hostility between Jung and Freud and WWI, a few of Freud’s
most staunch supporters secretly formed The Secret Committee.
5. Behaviorism owes its beginning in part to Pavlov’s discovery of classical
conditioning through stimulus-response learning.
6. Anna Freud’s theoretical emphasis differed from Sigmund Freud in what way?
She focused more on child development and the ego's role in defense
mechanisms.
7. Those suffering in asylums experienced what additional form of humiliation up
until 1770?
Being displayed to the public as a form of entertainment.
8. Operants and discriminative stimuli are part of Applied Behavior Analysis. What
type of situations do we observe these stimuli?
Situations involving reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior.
9. When researching memory, Bartlett examined errors his students made after he
presented stories. What did he find about the interval between reading and
testing?
The longer the delay, the more distorted the recall became.
10. What did Behaviorists establish as a powerful way to explain the acquisition of
new responses?
Conditioning
11. Skinner developed a contraption to house pigeons during WWI inside missile
guidance systems known as Project Pigeon.
12. Freud traded the technique of hypnotism in for free association.
13. What three separate categories are used to summarize Freud’s main ideas?
Structure of personality, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms
14. Gestalt psychology still influences which area of psychology?
Perception
15. Hiesinger has attempted to link neurobiology, AI, developmental biology, and
robotics together by pursuing each’s notion of the concept of organization.
16. Horney developed an interest in working with those who had anxiety. What did
she believe was the greatest influence on an individual’s anxiety that differed
from Freud’s view of internal conflict?
Cultural and social conditions, especially childhood relationships.
17. What system did Hull adopt along with the tight logic of inferred theorems
constructed from a minimal set of a priori postulates and definitions?
Hypothetico-deductive system
18. William McDougall’s career launched after he published An Introduction to Social
Psychology. It focused primarily on instinct theory and purposive behavior.
19. Two new forms of psychology emerged in Europe in the early 1900s. They are
psychoanalysis and Gestalt psychology.
20. James worked in clinical psychology and promoted pragmatism and its treatment
as part of psychology.
21. What practices did Jung study that broadened the study of personality beyond
the borders of psychology?
Mythology, religion, and alchemy.
22. Kohler studied the behavior of animals such as apes, dogs, and chickens and
compared his results to human problem solving (insight learning).
23. Lewin’s field theory was applied toward a variety of human behavior patterns
and social psychology situations.
24. Max Wertheimer was the first to expand the idea that a melody could be
perceived as a whole (Gestalt), not just as a sum of its parts.
25. Unobservable actions were not considered plausible information under radical
behaviorism and were labeled as private events.
26. The critical period for language is influenced by early brain development and
social interaction.
27. Researchers studying verbal learning developed the interference theory to
explain forgetting. What two types of interference did they propose?
Proactive and retroactive interference
28. Watson observed his subjects naturally with field experience. The sea birds he
studied nested in the tall cliffs of the Dry Tortugas.
29. Which part of the brain was severed as a last resort to prevent grand mal
epileptic episodes from crossing from one side of the brain to the other?
Corpus callosum
30. Edward Tolman was one of the first to use cognitive maps to study human
learning.
