HISTORY PP2 FINAL GAUGE PREDICTION 2025

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NAME……………………………………………………………………..ADM…………………
SCHOOL………………………………………………………………….INDEX……………….
DATE……………………………..SIGN…………………………TARGET…………………….

GAUGE 1 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

311/2

TIME: 2½ HOURS

HISTORY PP2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
(K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

i. This paper consists of three sections, A,B and C

ii. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B, and two
questions from section C

iii. Answers to all the questions in section A must be written in the spaces
provided after each question

iv. Answers to all the questions in section Band C must be written in the answer
booklet provided after question 24

v. This paper consists of eleven printed pages.

vi. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated, and that no questions are missing
vii. Candidates should answer all the questions in English

FOR EXAMINERS USE

ONLY

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 SECTION A (25
MARKS)

Answer all questions from this

section

1. Give the relationship between History and Government. (1mark)

2. Identify the main method used by Anthropologists to obtain information in History and

Government (1mark)

3. Give two reasons that made early Human beings to live in groups during the Stone Age
period

(2marks)

4. State one ways in which the Sumerians in Mesopotamia reclaimed land for

Agriculture. (1mark)

5. Identify two traditional forms of water transport. (2marks)

6. Give the main advantage of the mobile phone (1mark)

7. State two factors that contributed to the decline Meroe as an early urban centre
(2marks)

8. Identify one type of spirit associated with the Shona kingdom (1mark)

9. State two ways European nations maintained peace among themselves during the
process of partitioning Africa
(2marks)

10. Name two treaties signed between Lobengula and the British during the process of
colonization of

Africa. (2marks)

11. State two events that marked the end of the first world war (2marks)

12. Give two economic benefits enjoyed by members of Commonwealth (2marks)

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 13. Name the military alliance formed by capitalist nations during the cold war. (1mark)

14. Give the main reason why the Pan African movement was formed at the beginning of the
20th

century (1mark)

15. Name one financial institution established by the African union. (1mark)

16. State two aims of the Arusha declaration (2marks)

17. Name one house of parliament in India. (1mark)

SECTIOM B (45
MARKS)

Answer any three questons from this

section

18.a) State three physical characteristics of homo-habilis (3marks)

b) Describe six ways of life of early man during the Mesolithic period (12marks)
19.a) State three port towns that developed in West Africa as a result of the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade(3marks)

b) Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade. (12marks)

20.a) Outline Five challenges facing industrialization in Brazil. (5marks)

b) Explain six positive effects of scientific inventions on Agriculture (10marks)

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21.a) Highlight five reforms that were introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the
Majimaji rebellion. (5marks)

b) Explain five disadvantages of Samori Toure’s second empire at Dabakala (10marks)

SECTION C (30
MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this

section

22.a) State three symbols of Royal Authority in Buganda Kingdom (3marks)

b) Describe six aspects of the political organization of the Asante during the pre-colonial
period

(12marks)

23.a) State three ways in which the rise of dictatorship in Europe contributed to the outbreak
of world war II (3marks)

b) Explain six political effects of World War I (12 marks)

24.a) State five roles that the monarch plays in relation to the British Government (5marks)

b) Explain six merits of a federal system of government with references to the United States of

America (USA) (12marks)

5
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GAUGE 2 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

311/2

TIME: 2½ HOURS

HISTORY PP2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
(K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS FO CANDIDATES

1. Write your Name, Index Number and school in the spaces provided
2. Answer all questions in sections A, three questions in section B and two questions in section
C.

FOR EXAMINERS ONLY

Section Section B Section Total

A C
1 – 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

6
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 SECTION A (25MKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
1. Identify two periods in History. (2mks)
2. What is Anarchy as used in study of government? (2mks)
3. Give the MAIN reason why Early Agriculture developed in Egypt. (1mk)
4. Give two inventions that led to the rise of Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (2mks)
5. State one type of trade. (1mk)
th
6. Name the main source of energy to industry from the mid-20 C. (1mk)
7. Outline two factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire. (2mks)
8. Identify two social classes that made up the Baganda society in the pre-colonial period. (2mks)
9. Highlight ONE source of the British unwritten constitution. (1mk)
10. Give one way in which public opinion in Europe contributed to the colonization of Africa.
(1mk)
11. Explain the role of Kinjekitile Ngwale in the Maji Maji uprising. (2mks)
12. Which chartered company administered the British rule in West Africa? (1mk)
13. Highlight two methods of administration adopted by the French during their colonial Rule in
Africa. (2mks)
14. Mention two formed political parties in Ghana during their struggle for independence.
(2mks)
15. Identify one weapon used during the Second World War. (1mk)
16. What was the main aim for the formation of the non-alignment movement? (1mk)
17. Name the female president in East Africa. (1mk)

SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.
18. a) State five reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals. (5mks)
b) Explain five causes of food shortages in Africa today. (10mks)
19. a) Give THREE problems faced by factory workers in Europe during the industrial revolution. (3mks)
b) Why did the industrial revolution take place in Britain ahead of other European countries? (12mks)
20. a) Highlight five factors that contributed to the growth of Nationalism in Ghana. (5mks)
b) Explain five reasons why it took long for Mozambique to decolonize? (10mks)
21. a) State five factors for the growth of Johannesburg as a modern town in Africa? (5mks)
b) Explain challenges facing London in the modern day. (10mks)

SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.
22. a) Name three communes in Senegal where the policy of assimilation was successfully applied. (3mks)
b) Explain six reasons why the indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria. (12mks)
23. a) State five aims of AU during the inception by 2002. (5mks)
b) Explain challenges facing the East African Community. (10mks)
24. a) Give three reasons why the United States of America (USA) did not join World War one until 1917.
(3mks)
b) Explain six social effects of the Second World War (12mks)

7
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NAME……………………………………………………………………..ADM…………………
SCHOOL………………………………………………………………….INDEX……………….
DATE……………………………..SIGN…………………………TARGET…………………….

GAUGE 3 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

311/2

TIME: 2½ HOURS

HISTORY PP2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
(K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of THREE sections:A,B and C.

Answer ALL the questions in Section A,three questions from Section B and Two questions from
Section C.

Section A 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTAL

8
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 SECTION A ( Answer all questions in this section)

1. Give the earliest form of art by early man. (1mk)

2. State two examples of Oldowan tools. (2mks)
3. Identify two advantages of the land enclosure system in Britain during the Agrarian revolution
(2mks)
4. Give one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (1mk)
5. State two disadvantages of animal transport. (2mks)
6. Identify two trade goods that originated from Western Sudan during the Trans-Saharan trade.
(2mks)
7. Identify two scientific inventions which contributed to food preservation in the 18th century.
(2mks)
9. Give the importance of the golden stool in the Asante empire (1mk)
10. Name one leader who led to the Maji Maji rebellion against the Germans. (1mk)
11. Name one treaty that was signed between the Ndebele and Europeans. (1mk)
12. Give two functions of the Emirs in Northern Nigeria during the colonial administration.
(2mks)

13. Name the political wing of ANC formed by Nelson Mandela during the struggle
for majority rule in South Africa (1Mk)
14. Mention two rival blocs in the Second World War. (2 Mks)
15. Name the political party that led Ghana to independence. (1 mk)
16.Name two dictators that emerged during the second world war.
2Mks
17. Name two early urban centres in Africa

SECTION B (45 marks) Answer THREE questions from this section.

18 (a) Why was hunting mainly a group activity during the Stone Age Period. 5mks
(b) Describe five ways in which the the upright posture improved the early man's way of life.
(10 marks
19a) State five disadvantages of barter trade as used in Tran saharan trade 5mks

b) Describe the organization of Tran Saharan Trade 10mks

20a) outline five methods used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa 5mks

b) Explain five reasons Africans were defeated during the majimaji Rebellion 10mks

21a) Outline three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four
Communes of Senegal. 3mks
(b) Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12 mks)

9
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SECTION C (Answer any two questions in this section)

22 a) State five factors that led to the growth of the Buganda kingdom 5mks
b) Describe the political organization of the Shona 10mks

23.(a) Give five reasons that encouraged nationalists in Mozambique (5 mks)

(b) Explain the challenges faced by the Nationalists in Mozambique (10 marks)

24a) Name three treaties of Versailles 3mks

b) Explain six social effects of the First World War (1914- 1919) 12mks

10
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NAME……………………………………………………………………..ADM…………………
SCHOOL………………………………………………………………….INDEX……………….
DATE……………………………..SIGN…………………………TARGET…………………….

GAUGE 4 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

311/2

TIME: 2½ HOURS

HISTORY PP2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
(K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

a. Write your name, sign, date and admission number in the spaces provided.
b. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
c. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions
from section C.
d. This paper consists of 3 printed pages.
e. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed
and that no questions are missing.
f. Candidates should answer the questions in English.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION 1-17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTAL

SCORE
CANDIDATE’S
SCORE

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section

1. State one physical characteristic of Homo Sapiens. (1 Mark)

2. State two similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt. (2 Marks)

11
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3. Give two ways in which industrial Revolution contributed to European expansion to Africa.
(2 Marks)

4. Identify the main aim of Berlin conference between 1884 and 1885. (1 Mark)

5. Name one African leader who was one of the founder of Non-aligned movement. (1 Mark)
6. Identify one African territory that was colonized by the Italians. (1 Mark)

7. State two demerits of oral traditions as a source of history. (2 Marks)

8. Identify the main method of trade in Africa during pre-colonial period. (1 Mark)

9. State two officials who assisted the Kabaka in administration. (2 Marks)

10. Which organization was formed in 1994 to re-place the Preferential Trade Area? (1 Mark)

11. State one result of the wheel among Sumerians in Mesopotamia. (1 Mark)

12. State one factor that facilitated the growth of Asante kingdom. (1 Mark)

13. State the main contribution of Michael Faraday. (1Mark)

14. Other than personal assimilation, state two other forms of assimilation. (2 Marks)

15. Name any two Key South African nationalists. (2Marks)

16. State two reasons that made United States of America (U.S.A) in 1917 to enter into World War I.
(2 Marks)

17. Give two military alliances formed by power blocs during the cold war period. (2 Marks)

SECTION B (45 marks)

Answer ANY THREE questions from this section.

18. a) State five disadvantages of open field system in Europe before the Agrarian revolution.

(5 Marks)
b) Explain five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the USA. (10 Marks)

12
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19. a) State three advantages of use of metal compared to stone as a material for making tools.

(3 Marks)
b) Explain six factors that favoured industrialisation in Britain. (12 Marks)

20. a) State five reasons why African leaders collaborated with the Europeans. (5 Marks)

b) Explain five reasons why Samori Toure was defeated by the Frenchmen. (10 Marks)

21. a) State five reasons for the use of Indirect rule by the British in northern Nigeria. (5 Marks)

b) Explain five factors that favoured the success of FRELIMO nationalists during their struggle for
independence in Mozambique. (10 Marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)

Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.

22. a) Identify five ways in which the treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 affected Germany.
(5marks)

b) Explain five factors that enabled the Allied forces to win the Second World War. (10marks)
23. a) Name three permanent member states of the UN security council. (3marks)

b) Explain six ways in which the United Nations has attempted to promote world peace.
(12marks)
24. a) State five reasons why Pan African activities became active in Africa after 1945.(5marks)

b) Explain five ways in which members of East African Community – 2001 have benefited since its
inception. (10marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

13
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NAME……………………………………………………………………..ADM…………………
SCHOOL………………………………………………………………….INDEX……………….
DATE……………………………..SIGN…………………………TARGET…………………….

GAUGE 5 2025 KCSE PREDICTION

311/2

TIME: 2½ HOURS

HISTORY PP2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
(K.C.S.E)

Instructions to Candidates
(a) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
(b) Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
(c) Answers to all the questions must be written legibly in the answer booklet provided.
(d) This paper consists of three printed pages
(e) Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as
indicated and no questions are missing
(f) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

14
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 SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. Identify one unwritten source of information in History and Government. (1 mark)

2. Give two uses of stone tools by early people. (2 marks)

3. What planting method was used by European farmers before the agrarian revolution?
(1 mark)

4. What is the MAIN factor that stimulated the development of Trans-Atlantic trade? (1
mark)

5. State two reasons why the camel is referred to as ‘the ship of the desert’. (2 marks)

6. Identify two forms of messages that could be relayed by the use of drum beats in
Ancient times. (2 marks)

7. Mention one disadvantage of using coal as a source of energy. (1 marks)

8. Identify two metals that were used to replace stone tools in Africa. (2 marks)

9. State one problem which faced Athens. (1 mark)

10. State one way through which the Europeans maintained peace among themselves
during the partition of Africa. (1 mark)

11. Give two social reasons for the European scramble for Africa. (2 marks)

12. State two conditions that one had to fulfill to become assimilated to French West
Africa. (2 marks)
13. Give the main reason for the formation of the League of Nations. (1 mark)

14. Identify one member of the central powers that fought during the First World War.
(1mark)
15. State the main function of the International court of Justice. (1 mark)

16. Name two founder leaders of Non-Aligned movement (NAM). (2 marks)

17. State two reasons why Zanzibar favoured a union with the mainland Tanganyika in
1964. (2 marks)

15
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 SECTION B (45 MARKS)

Answer any THREE questions from this section.

18. (a) Outline three physical characteristics of Egyptian ape. (3 marks)

(b)Describe the culture of the early man during the Old Stone Age. (12 marks)
19. (a) Give three features of agricultural practices in Britain before Agrarian revolution. (3
marks)
(b) Explain six measures that can be adopted to alleviate the food shortage in Africa.
(12 marks)

20. (a) State 3 economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century. (3 marks)
(b) Describe the social organization of the shona during the colonial period. (12
marks)

21. (a) Give three reasons why the Maji Maji rebellion failed. (3 marks)

(b) Explain six reforms introduced by German administration after the Maji Maji
rebellion.

(12 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer any TWO questions from this section.

22. (a) State five reasons why Britain used indirect rule in Nigeria. (5 marks)

(b)Discuss five effects of indirect rule in Nigeria. (10 marks)

16
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23. (a)Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu Seseko which led to dictatorship
in D.R.C
(3 marks)
b) Describe six social challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence.
(12marks)

24. (a) State five functions of the British House of Commons. (5 marks)

(b)Explain five factors that limit parliamentary supremacy in Britain. (10 marks)

17
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