KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS

PREMOCK
ALL SUBJECTS
To encourage academic excellence, top-performing national schools collaborate
on the “National Schools” joint mock exam compilation. The goal of this collaborative
effort is to push students and enhance their readiness for national exams through the
use of challenging tests. The goal of participating schools' resource and strategy
sharing is to raise student achievement and promote an achievement-focused culture.

SUBJECTS COMPILED;
Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, CRE, IRE,
Geography, History, Business Studies, Agriculture, Home-science &
Computer Studies.

For Marking Schemes

Mr Isaboke 0746-222-000 /0742-999-000

MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
BIOLOGY
231/1 (THEORY)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your Name and admission Number in the Spaces Provided.
 Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided.
 You should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions are missing.
 Answer all questions in this question paper.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1-28 80

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 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1. State three importance of osmosis in plants. (3mks)
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2.Name the organelle that:

(a)is the most abundant in skeletal muscle cell (1mk)
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(b) assist in the formation of spindle fibres during cell division. (1mk)
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3.(i) Identify the nuclei acid whose base sequence is shown below. (1mark)
G- A - C - U - A - G - C - G–U
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i) above (1mark)
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(iii) If this nucleic acid was involved in protein synthesis, how many amino acids would be present in the
protein synthesized. (2mks)
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4.The diagram below represents a structure found in plants.

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(a)Name the parts labelled P and R (2mks)
P-
R-
(b) State how cell Q is adapted to its function (2mks)
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5.The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student on his way to school

a) State the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)

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b) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2mks)

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6. State three reasons why green plants are included in the fish aquarium. (3mks)
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7. State two adaptations of the alveolus to its functions. (2mks)

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8(a)Why may an asthmatic patient produce a wheezing sound during breathing? (1mk)
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(b) What is the significance of the cartilage found in the human trachea being incomplete (C- shaped
rings) (1mk)
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9. a) State three characteristics of Monera that are not found in other kingdoms. (3mks)
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b) Name the class to which a dolphin belongs. (1mk)
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10.a) Obesity increases the risk of a person developing cardiovascular disease and losing weight
can reduce the risk of this disease occurring. Explain why exercise can cause weight loss (2mks)
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(b)The Figure below shows a gastric band fitted to a stomach.

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Explain how a gastric band helps a person to lose weight. (2mks)
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11. a) What is genetic engineering? (1mk)

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b) What is meant by hybrid vigour? (1mk)
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12. How is the mammalian fallopian tube adapted to its function. (2mks)
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13. The diagram below shows a transverse section of a leaf.

(a)Name the habitat of the plant from which the leaf was obtained. (1mk)
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(b) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
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14. Identify the function of a light microscope as shown by the following diagrams. (2mks)
(a)

(b)

15.(a) State three structural differences between arteries and veins. (3mks)
Arteries Veins

(b)Explain why phloem cells are not lignified like the xylems. (1mk)
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16.What is meant by the term habitat. (1mk)

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17.State two ways through which flowering plants hinder self-fertilization from occurring. (2mks)
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18.(a)The study of microorganisms is called microbiology. Name any two branches of microbiology.
(2mks)
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b) Name the branch of biology that deals with the study of the Phylogenetic relationship among organism
(1mk)
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19. Below is a drawing of an apparatus used during the study of biology.
a) Identify the apparatus. (1mk)

b) Name part labelled S and T. (2mks)

S–
T–
c) State the function of the apparatus. (1mk)
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20. State one environmental problem that can be solved by studying biology (1mk)
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21. During an experiment it was found out that germinating bean seeds released 9.0 cm 3 of carbon (IV)
oxide while 8.8 cm3 of oxygen was consumed.
a) Calculate the respiratory quotient (2mk)

b) State the type of respiratory substrate. (1mk)

c) State two conditions necessary for maintaining respiration (2mks)

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d) Explain the disadvantages of anaerobic respiration in plant roots. (2mks)
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22.(a) Name the excretory product removed through guttation (1mk)

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(b) Name the structures in the skin that deals with (2mks)
(i) Temperature regulation
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(ii) Excretion
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(c) Seals have very thick layer of fatty tissue under the skin. In what way is this useful to them? (2mks)
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23.(a) The diagram below represents the apical growth in a root

(i) What happens to the cells at zone B (2mks)

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(ii) Name the hormone produced at zone A that brings about a change in zone B (1mk)
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24.(a) Name the hormone that sustains the larval stage in insects and the structure that produce it.(2mk
Hormone -
Structure -
(b) State the type of growth which occurs in insects. (1mk)
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25.(a) What are vestigial structures? (1mk)

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b) The paddles of whales and fins of fish adapt these two organisms to aquatic habitats.
i. Name the evolutionary process that may have given rise to such similar structures. (1mk)
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ii. What name is given to such structures. (1mk)
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26.Name three features that distinguish man from ape even though they are closely related in the
evolutionary tree. (3mks)
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27.Explain why fresh water protozoa like amoeba do not burst when placed in distilled water(2 marks)
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28. State Two modifications of stomata which enable a plant to reduce the loss of water. (2mk)
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For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
BIOLOGY
231/2 (THEORY)
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in this paper in the spaces provided.
 Answer questions 1-6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAX.SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
TOTAL 80

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 SECTION A (40MKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. The diagrams below show samples of blood obtained from two different persons A and B.

a) What genetic disorder is person B suffering from? (1 mark)

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b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of the disorder exhibited in person A (2 mark)
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c) Work out the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offsprings of a marriage between person A
and person B (5 marks)
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2. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the division to which the organism belongs giving two reasons for your answer (3 marks)
Division: ………………………………………………………………………………….
Reasons
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b) Name the function of the parts labelled
A ……………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
B ……………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
c) State three differences between the process of fertilization in the above named division and in a
flowering plant. (3 marks)
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3a).Explain the meaning of the term tropism or tropic response . 1mk

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b) Explain how tendrils of climbing plants coil around a support. 3mks
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c) The leaves of some insectivorous plants make very rapid movements when they are touched by an
insect.
i) Give an example of such plants. 1mk.
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Ii) How does the response come about? 1mk.

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iii) What is the importance of the response? 2mks

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4. The diagram below is a section from the mammalian body. Study and use it to answer the questions
that follow.

a) Name the parts labelled;

(i)………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
(ii)………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
(iii)………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)

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b) Describe the process of milk letdown (5 marks)
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5. (i)In an experiment, food sample A was respired by an organism and the gaseous product was directed
into a test tube containing calcium hydroxide solution through a glass capillary tube.
The same experiment was repeated using the same amount of food sample B. It was noted that it
takes 15 minutes for the gaseous product of food sample A to turn calcium hydroxide solution white
and 50 minutes by gaseous product of food sample B to do the same.
a) Suggest with a reason, the possible identity of food sample A and B (4 marks)
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b) Suggest the possible identity of the gaseous product of food samples A and B. (1 mark)
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ii) Explain how anaerobic respiration has been applied in making of beer and wines. (3 marks)
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 SECTION B: (40 MARKS)
Answer question 6 (COMPULSORY) in the spaces provided and either question 7 or 8
6. The table below shows results of an experiment in which small pieces of tradescantia stems were
placed in different salt concentrations. After 6 hours they were removed from the solutions, wiped to
dry and weighed. The results are as shown below. Study the table and answer the questions that
follow.
Salt concentration (mg) Percentage change in weight
2.5 +11
5.0 +8
7.5 +5
10.0 +3
12.5 +2
15.0 +1
17.5 -2
20.0 -8
22.5 -9.5
25.0 -11

a) i) Draw a graph of the percentage change in weight against salt concentration. (6 marks)

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ii) From the graph determine the salt concentration that is equal to the concentration of the tradescantia
cell sap. (1 mark)
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b) Account for the following changes in the weight.
(i) Percentage positive change (4marks)
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 (ii) Percentage negative change. (3mrks)
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c) Briefly describe how the above physiological process brings about upright posture in seedlings (3 mrks)
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d)i) Define the physiological process in (c) above (1 mark)
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ii) State any two differences between the physiological process above and the physiological process that
root hairs use to absorb mineral salts from a soil solution that is hypertonic to their cell saps (2 marks)
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7. a) Explain the biological importance of abiotic factors in seed germination. (12 marks)
b) Explain the following evidences of organic evolution.
(i) Comparative anatomy (5 marks)
(ii) Geographical distribution (3 marks)

8. In terms of homeostatic balance in the body, describe the function of the following body systems in
regulation of blood sugar level. (20 mrks)
a) Digestive system
b) Circulatory system
c) Respiratory system
d) Nervous system
e) Hormonal system

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
BIOLOGY
231/3 (PRACTICAL)
PAPER 3
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

Confidential.
Each candidate will require the following apparatus.
- Medium sized Capsicum annuum (green pepper/ HoHo)
- Scalpel.
- Motor and pestle.
- 2 test tubes.
- 50 ml beaker.
- DCPIP solution.
- 10% NaOH solution.
- 1% CuSO4 solution.
- Water in a wash bottle.
- 10ml measuring cylinder.

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
BIOLOGY
231/3 (PRACTICAL)
PAPER 3
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
(d) You are required to spend the first 15 minutes of the 1 ¾ hours allowed for this paper reading the
whole paper carefully before commencing your work.
(e) Additional pages must not be inserted.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 12
2 12
3 16
Total Score 40

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1. You are provided with specimen R, use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) Cut a longitudinal section of specimen R to obtain two halves. Draw a surface of the cut specimen and
label a seed and pericarp. (3mks)

b) State the type of placentation in the specimen. (1mk)

c) Crush the remaining pieces of the specimen using a motor and pestle. Add 10ml of water to obtain a
paste. Decant the fluid in a beaker provided. Using the reagents provided, test for the food substance
in the fluid. Record your observation in the table below. (8mks)
Food substance Procedure Observation Conclusion

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2. Below is a plant organ used in the study of biology. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a. Identify the organ. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Name part H and state its functions. (2mks)
H–
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Function –
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c. State the term used to describe the petals. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d. State with a reason the class into which the organ belongs? (2mks)
Class –
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Reason –
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e. i. Name the agent of pollination. (1mk)

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ii. state a reason for your answer in (i) above. . (1mk)
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f. State the importance of the organ to a plant. (1mk)
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g. Measure the length of the petal from point A to B. (1mk)

h. If the actual length of the petal is 5cm, calculate the magnification of the photograph above. (2mks)

3. The specimens in the diagrams below were obtained by a class during an ecological study. Use the
dichotomous key provided below to place all the specimens into their families.

Dichotomous Key.
1 a) Animal with Wings………………………………………………………….…go to 2
b) Animal without wings……………………………………………………….…go to 3
2. a) Animal with one pair of wings……………………………………. …..……. Muscidae
b) Animal with two pairs of wings…………………………………………. …Aeshnidae.
3 a) With three pairs of legs ………………………………………………….…. Formicidae
b) With more than 3 pairs of legs…………………………………………….……. go to 4
4. a) With four pairs of legs………………………………………………………. Araneidae
b) With more than four pairs of legs………………………………………………. go to 5
5. a) With two pair of antennae…………………………………………………...…. go to 6
b) With one pair of antennae………………………………………………….……go to 7
6. a) With six pairs of legs……………………………………….……….…. Microcerberidea.
b) With ten pairs of legs…………………………………………………………Alpheoidea.
7. a) With a cylindrical body……………………………………………… ...Sphearotheridae.
b) With a dorso – ventrally flattened body……………………………………...Pselliodidae

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i. Give the families and the steps followed to identify the specimens E, F, G, H, and J. (10 mks)
Specimen Steps followed Identity
E

ii. The scientific name for specimen E is Musca domestica. Classify the specimen into the following
taxonomic units. (6mks)
Kingdom-

Phylum –

Class –

Family -

Genus -

Specific name –

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
CHEMISTRY
233/1(THEORY)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name and index in the spaces provided.
 Sign and write the date the examination is done.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
 ALL workings MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
 Candidates should answer questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum score Candidates score

1-27 80

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1. The electronic configurations for elements represented by letters A, B, C and D are
A 2.8.6 B. 2.8.2. C.2.8.1. D.2.8.8
(a) Select the element which forms:
i) A double charged cation (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) A soluble carbonate (1 mark)
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(b) Which element has the largest atomic radius (1 mark)
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2. An element R has atomic number 3, relative atomic mass 6.94 and consist of two isotopes of mass
numbers 6 and 7.
(i) What is the mass number of the more abundant isotope of R? Give a reason for your answer.(2 marks)
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(ii)Complete the following table. (1 mark)

Element Number of neutrons Number of electrons

3. R COO- Na+ and RC6H5 OSO3 -Na+ represent two cleaning agents where R is a long hydrocarbon chain.
(a)Which of the cleansing agents is suitable for use with hard water? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write the formula of an ion than causes:

(i) Water hardness (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii)Permanent water hardness (1 mark)

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4. In an experiment, a student put equal volumes of mixtures of ethanoic acid in water and ethanoic acid
in hexane in two test-tubes as shown below. In each test tube, equal amounts of solid sodium
hydrogen carbonate were added.

a)State the observation which was made in each test-tube (1 mark)

Test tube 1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Test tube 2
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b)Explain the observations in (a) above (2 marks)
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5. Bromine reacts with ethane as shown below

C2H6 + Br2 C2H5Br + HBr.
(a) What condition is necessary for this reaction to occur? (1 mark)
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(b) Identify the bonds which are broken and those that are formed. (2 marks)
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6. Draw a well labelled diagram of the non-luminous flame (3 marks)

7. In an experiment 20cm3 of 0.1 M sulphuric (VI) acid were reacted with 20cm 3 of 0.1 M sodium
hydroxide.
(a)Write in equation of the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State the observations that were made when both red and blue litmus papers were dropped into the
mixture. (1 mark)
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(c) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1 mark)

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8. The diagram below represents a paper chromatogram for three brands of juices suspected to contain
banned food colourings.

x x x
K L M
Brand of juice

The results showed the presence of banned food colourings in L and M only. On the same diagram:
a) Circle the spots which show the banned food colourings (2 marks)
b) Show solvent front. (1 mark)

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9. A Compound whose general formula is M(OH)3 reacts as shown by the equation.
M(OH)3 (q) + OH- (aq) M(OH) –4(aq)
M(OH) 3(q) + 3H+ (aq) M3+ (aq) + 3H2O(l)
(a) What name is given to compounds which behave like M(OH) 3 in the two reactions. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Name two elements whose hydroxides behave like that of M. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. A compound contains 82.75% carbon and the rest is Hydrogen. (C=12, H=1)
(a)Determine its empirical formula. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Determine the molecular formula if its molecular mass is 58. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. A form four student wanted to determine the solubility of potassium nitrate. He obtained the
following results.
Mass of evaporating dish = 15.13g
Mass of evaporating dish and solution = 36.51g
Mass of evaporating dish and salt = 19.41g
Use the information above to calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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12. Filtration is carried out in the apparatus shown below.

Filter paper

X
Funnel

Beaker

a) Name X and Y (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State one application of filtration (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. a) State Boyle’s law (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A gas occupies a volume of 80dm3 at s.t.p. At what pressure will its volume be doubled if the
temperature rises by 105℃? (At s.t.p temperature = 0℃, pressure = 760mmHg) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Consider the reaction below.

Alkanol + Alkanoic acid Ester + water
a) Give the name of the process represented by the above reaction. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the catalyst which is usually used in the above reaction. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 c) State the observation made during the reaction of alkanols and alkanoic acids. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Hydrogen sulphide gas was lighted in a gas jar of air using the arrangement below.

Hydrogen
sulphide

a) Write an equation for combustion of hydrogen sulphide gas. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State what is observed if the product is passed through acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. A set-up to investigate electrical conductivity of substances was assembled as shown below.

The bulb did not light.

(a) What was missing in the set-up? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(b) The bulb lit when the omission was corrected. Explain. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State one application of electrolysis. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. Steam is passed over heated iron filings in a combustion tube.

(a) Name the two products of this reaction. (2 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Why is it not advisable to react sodium metal with steam? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

(a)What are allotropes? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) In terms of structure and bonding explain why diamond is used in drilling through hard rocks while
graphite is a lubricant (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Give the systematic name of each of the compounds represented by the formulae below.(3 mrks)
(a) CH3C≡CCH3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) CH3CH=CHCH2CH3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) CH3CH2COONa
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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20. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name a suitable drying agent for ammonia. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Describe one chemical test for ammonia. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Name G. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Describe how dry chlorine and hydrogen chloride gases in gas jars can be distinguished using dry
blue litmus papers, distilled water and a fume chamber. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. (a) State two factors that accelerate rusting. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Iron sheets are dipped in molten zinc to prevent rusting. Name this process. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. Given the following substances: wood ash, lemon juice and sodium chloride.
(a) Name one commercial indicator that can be used to show whether rain water wood ash, lemon juice
and sodium chloride are acidic, basic or neutral. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Classify the substances in 15(a) above as acids, bases or neutral. (2 marks)
Acidic Basic Neutral

24. Emission of carbon (IV) oxide into the atmosphere has become one of the world’s major concerns.
(a)State one disadvantage of releasing carbon (IV) oxide into the atmosphere. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What causes the level of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere to increase? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) How can the amount of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere be reduced other than avoiding the causes
in (b) above? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. When Xcm3 of 0.5M zinc nitrate solution were reacted with excess ammonium carbonate solution,
the mass of zinc carbonate formed was 12.5g.
(a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Calculate the value of X. (C = 12.0, Zn = 65.0, O = 16.0) (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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26. Below is a sketch of an energy level diagram.

a) On the diagram show the heat of reaction ∆H. (1 mark)

b) State and explain the type of reaction represented by the above energy level diagram. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

27. Starting with copper metal describe how a sample of crystals of copper (II) chloride may be
prepared in the laboratory (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Last Printed Page

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
CHEMISTRY
233/2(THEORY)
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name and index on the spaces provided above
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
 Mathematical tables, Electronic calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total 80

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 QUESTIONS
1.The following is an extract of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The
letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

a) State the name given to the groups the following elements belong; (1mk)
i) Z
ii) Y, G and A
b) Compare the following;
i) The atomic and ionic radius of element V. (1 ½ mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) The melting points of elements G and Z (1 ½ mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) The oxide of M reacts with both dilute acids an alkalis. Write a balanced chemical equation to show
how the oxide reacts with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Choose the letter that represents the element that is ; (1mk)

i) the most reactive metal ---
ii) the strongest oxidizing agent----

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e) Elements L and M are good conductors of electricity but M is a better conductor than L. Explain.
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) Explain how sodium hydrogen carbonate solid can be used to differentiate between solutions of the
chlorides of L and B. (2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) 4.1 grams of the nitrate of F was strongly heated until a constant mass was obtained.
i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that took place. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) List any observation made during the heating (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Calculate the total volume of the gaseous products obtained if the reaction took place at room
temperature and pressure. (1mole of gas at RTP=24dm 3, N=14, O=16, F= 40). (2mk)

2. The table below shows the solubilities of potassium nitrate at different temperatures.
Temperature 0 c 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Solubility 80 88 96 104 114 124 136 148 162 180
g/100g of
water

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a) Plot a graph of solubilities of potassium nitrate against temperature. (3mk)

b) From your graph determine;

i) the solubility of the potassium nitrate at 650c. (1mk)

ii) the mass of potassium nitrate that would dissolve in 50g of water at 820c. (2mk)

c) Determine the molar concentration of potassium nitrate at 370 c. (N=14, O= 16, K= 39. Assume the
density of solution to be 1g/cm3 ) (3mk)

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d) 130g of potassium nitrate salt was added to 100g of water and heated to 90 0c. It was then cooled to
150 c.
i) At what temperature were the crystals first formed? (1mk)

ii) Calculate the mass of crystals formed. (1mk)

e) C17H35COONa is cleansing agent used to remove dirt from clothes. It is manufactured by hydrolyzing
vegetable oil using 4M NaOH hydroxide solution. After boiling for sometime, adding small amounts of
distilled water and stirring, a certain compound is added.
i) Name the compound added and state its role. (2mk)

ii) Describe the mode of action of the cleansing agent. (3mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. a)Chlorine gas is prepared in the laboratory by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid with an
oxidizing agent like potassium manganate (VII)
i) List other two oxidizing agents that can be used in place of KMnO4 (1mk)

ii) Freshly cut blue flower petals were placed in a gas jar containing oxygen and another containing
chlorine gas. Explain the differences in the observations made. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) State any two uses of hydrochloric acid (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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b) Hydrogen chloride gas was passed over heated iron powder as shown in the diagram below .Study it
and answer the questions that follow.

i) State and explain the observations made in the combustion tube. (2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Blue litmus paper was placed in the trough with water and it turned red, explain this observation.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Describe the chemical test for gas Q (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. a) i) State any two adaptations of the burette to perform its functions. (2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) The Bunsen burner produces two types of flames. The non-luminous flame is mostly preferred for
heating. Under what condition is the other type of flame produced and what two reasons makes it not
suitable for heating.
Condition- (1mk)
Reasons - (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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b) An agriculture student wanted to determine the pH of a soil sample in order to know the fertilizer to
add to the soil upon planting. Describe the procedure the student would have followed to determine
this soil pH. (2mk)

c) The table below shows different properties of mixtures. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Liquid Q J
Water Immiscible Miscible
Ethanol Miscible Miscible
i) What physical property is used when choosing the method to separate a mixture of ethanol and J
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name two methods used to separate mixture of water and Q (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Use well labelled diagrams to show how a mixture of potassium chloride, anhydrous iron (iii) chloride
and lead sulphate solids can be separated to acquire a pure and solid sample of each. (3mk)

5. a) i)Define the term enthalpy of formation (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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ii) Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
Equation enthalpy
H2 (g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(g) ∆H= -286kJmol-1
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ∆H= -394kJmol-1
2C(s) + 3H2 (g) + ½ O2(g) C2H5OH (l) ∆H= -277kJmol-1
I) Draw an energy cycle diagram linking the above enthalpies with the molar enthalpy of combustion of
ethanol. (2mk)

II) Hence calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of ethanol. (1mk)

b) In an experiment to determine the molar enthalpy of displacement of copper, 100cm 3 of 2M copper ii

sulphate solution was placed in a plastic beaker and its initial temperature recorded as T1. Excess
magnesium was then added to the beaker and thoroughly stirred until no further change in
temperature occurred. The highest temperature obtained was recorded as T 2.
i) Other than the temperature rise, state and explain the observations that were made during the
reaction. (2mk)

ii) Calculate the heat change for the reaction above given that, T1 = 21.50c and T2= 380c.
(SHC= 4.2Jg-1k-1 and the density of the solution is 1gm/cm 3 ) (1mk )

iii) Determine the molar heat of displacement of copper by magnesium. (2 mk)

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iv) Write the thermochemical equation for the reaction that took place (1mk)

6. a i) Which type of sulphur is formed under the following conditions; (2mk)

Conditions Type of sulphur
Below 960c
Rapidly cooling sulphur vapor
Pouring boiling sulphur in cold water
Above 960c

b) i) Fill in the gaps in the table below. (3mk)

gas reactants Method of Confirmatory test
collection
Copper, concentrated Changes purple
sulphuric vi acid & heat acidified KMnO4
colourless

Hydrogen Collected over

Sulphide warm water

Sulphur iv oxide XXXXXXXXXXXXX

and
Oxygen gases

ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the other set of reagents that can be used to prepare sulphur
iv oxide gas. (1mk)

iii) State the observation made and the property of concentrated sulphuric vi acid exhibited in each of
the following experiments. 2mks
Reaction of conc. H2SO4 observation Property of concentrated
with; H2SO4
Sugar crystals

Copper turnings

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c) A student from Igikiro mixed day secondary school was provided with solid G. The table below shows
the procedures, observations and inferences that the student made in the lab. Study the table and fill
in the missing gaps.
Test Observations Inferences
a) To a spatula full of solid G in a Dissolves to form a 1mk
Boiling tube. Divide the Colourless solution
Resulting solution into five
portions
bi) to the first portion add 1mk Pb2+, Zn2+, Al3+ present
NaOH solution dropwise till
In excess
ii) to the second portion ,add White precipitate , ½ mk
ammonia solution dropwise insoluble
till in excess. in excess

iii) to the third portion, add No white precipitate ½ mk

few drops of potassium
sulphate solution.
ci) to the fourth portion add White precipitate ½ mk
few drops of acidified
lead nitrate solution.

ii) to the fifth portion add White ppt

few drops of barium nitrate ½ mk
solution

7. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

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a) State the name given to the processes taking place in; (1 ½ mk)
Step I-
Step X-
Step V-

b) Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place in steps; (2mk)
step ii-

Step X-

c) State the observation made in; (2mk)

i) Step VII-

ii) Step III-

d) i) Draw the structure of polymer T showing 3 repeated units. (1mk)

ii) State any one use of polymer T (1mk)

e) State the reagents and conditions for the following reactions;

Step reagent condition
I - -
-
½ mk 1mk
IV -
1mk

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
CHEMISTRY
233/3(PRACTICAL)
PAPER 3
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INSTRUCTIONS TO SCHOOL (CONFIDENTIAL)

In addition to the equipment and fittings found in a chemistry laboratory. Each candidate should be
provided with;
1. Solid Z 5.0g measured accurately
2. About 80cm3 of solution Y
3. Solid W (3.5g) in a stoppered container
4. 15cm3 of 2M HNO3
5. 1 spatula full of solid V in a stoppered container
6. 0.2 g NaHCO3
5. A thermometer (-10-1100C)
6. A burette
7. A clamp and stand
8. A pipette and a pipette filler
9. 2 conical flasks
10. A 250ml volumetric flask
11. Two boiling tubes
12. 6 test tubes
13. wooden splint
14. Two labels
15. 3 filter papers
16. white tile
17. Test tube holder
18. 250ml distilled water
19. Filter funnel
20.metallic spatula

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ACCESS TO:
i) Means of heating +tripod stand+wire gauze
ii) Solution R
iii) Ammonia solution
iv) 2M Sodium Hydroxide
v) 0.1 M Potassium iodide solution
vi) Barium Nitrate solution
vii) Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution
viii) Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution

NB:
i) Solid Z is 5.0g of oxalic acid (COOH)2.2H2O
ii) Solution Y is KMnO4
iii) solid W ( made by mixing 1.5g of hydrated MgSO 4 + 2 . 0 o f P b C O 3 )
iv) Solid V is 1 spatula full of glucose

Preparations
i) Solution Y is made by dissolving 20g of solid KMn04 in 200cm 3 of 2.0M H2SO4 and toping to 1000cm3
by distilled water.
ii) Sodium Hydroxide is prepared by dissolving 80g of NaOH pellets in 600cm3 of distilled water and top
to 1000cm3 with distilled water.
iii) Ammonia solution is prepared by dissolving 150ml of conc ammonia to 600cm3 of distilled water
then top to the mark.
iv) Barium Nitrate is prepared by dissolving 26g of solid Barium Nitrate in 600cm 3 of water then
topping to 1000cm3 with distilled water.
v) Solution R is made by dissolving 58.5g of NaCl in 500ml of water
vi) Acidified KMnO4 is prepared by dissolving 3.2g of solid KMnO 4 in 200cm3 of 2.0M H2SO4
acid then topping with distilled water to 1000cm3.
vii) Acidified K2Cr2O7 is prepared by dissolving 25g of solid K2Cr2O7 in 200cm3 of 2.0M H2SO4 then
topping to 1000cm3 with distilled water.

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
CHEMISTRY
233/3(PRACTICAL)
PAPER 3
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:-

 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
 All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
 Use the first 15minutes of the 2 ¼ hours to ascertain you have all the chemicals and
apparatus tha you may need.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
1 20

2 14
3 6

TOTAL 40

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QUESTION 1
You are provided with:
- Solid Z ; 5.0 g of ( COOH)2 .X H2O
- Solution Y ; 0.125658 M KMnO4
You are required to:
a) Determine the solubility of Z at different temperatures.
b) Determine the number of moles of water of crystallization in solid Z. PROCEDURE 1
a) Using a burette, add 4cm3 of distilled water to solid Z in a boiling tube.

- Heat the mixture while stirring with the thermometer to about 800C.
- When the whole solid dissolves, allow the solution to cool while stirring with the thermometer
- Note the temperature at which crystals first appear and record this temperature in the table 1 below.

b) Using a burette add 2cm3more of distilled water into the content of the boiling tube and warm
until the solid dissolve.
- Remove from the flame and allow the solution to cool in air while stirring.
- Record the temperature at which crystal first appear in table 1.
- Repeat procedure (b) 3 more times and complete table 1 below.
- Retain the content of the boiling tube for procedure II
Table I…………… 6mks
Volume of water in the boiling Temperature at which crystals of Solubility of solid Z( g/100g of
tube (cm3) solid Z appear (℃) water)

4
6
8
10
12

I. a) Draw a graph of solubility of solid Z (vertical axis) against temperature

(3mks)

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b) From your graph determine the solubility of solid Z at 600C (1mk)

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PROCEDURE II
a) – Transfer the contents of the boiling tube into a 250ml volumetric flask.
- Add distilled water up to the mark
- Label this solution Z
b) – Using a clean pipette and a pipette filler, transfer 25ml of solution Z into a conical flask.
- Warm the mixture up to 600C
- Fill a burette with solution Y
- Titrate Y against the hot solution Z until a permanent pink colour persist
- Record your results in Table 2 below

c) Repeat (b) 2 more times are record your results in the table 2 below.
TABLE 2 I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution Y used (cm3)
(4mk)
II) a) Calculate the average volume of solution Y used (1mk)

b) Calculate the number of moles of Y used (1mk)

c) Given 2 moles of KMnO4 react with 5 moles of Z, calculate the number of moles of Z in 25cm3 (1mk)

d) Calculate the molarity of Z (1mk)

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e) Determine the molar mass of Z (1mk)

f) Determine the value of X (C=12, O=16 H=1) (1mk)

2. You are provided with solid W. Carry out the tests below and record your observations and inferences
in the spaces provided.
a) Place solid W in a dry boiling tube. Add about 20cm3 distilled water and shake well. Filter to obtain
the residue and the filtrate.

Observations (1mk) Inferences (1mk)

b) Divide the filtrate into 3 portions.

i) To the first portion, add Ba (NO3)2, followed by 5 drops of dilute nitric (v) acid

Observations ( 1mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

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 ii) To the 2nd portion, add sodium hydroxide drop wise until in excess
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences (1mk)

iii)To the 3rd portion, add aqueous ammonia dropwise until in excess
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

c) Wash the residue and put it in a test tube. Add about 15cm3 of dilute nitric (v) acid. Test the gas
produced with a burning splint. Divide the solution into 3 portions
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences (1mk)

i) Add sodium hydroxide to the first portion dropwise until in excess to the 1st portion
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences (1mk)

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ii) Add 2 drops of potassium iodide to the 2nd portion.
Observations ( ½ mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

iii) Add 2 cm3 of solution R to the 3rd portion and wait for few seconds.
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences (1mk)

3. You are provided with solid V. Carry out the tests below and record your observations and inferences in
the spaces provided.
a) Place a half spatula of solid V in a dry boiling tube. Add about 6cm3 distilled water and shake well.
Observations (1mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

b) Divide into 3 portions

i) To the first portion, add ½ spatula of NaHCO3
Observations ( ½ mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

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 ii) To the 2nd po rti on , add 3 drops of acidified K2Cr2O7 and warm

Observations (½ mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

iii)To the 3rd portion, add 3 drops of acidified KMnO 4

Observations ( 1mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

b) Scoop the remaining with a spatula and heat it on a non-luminous flame

Observations ( ½ mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
PHYSICS
232/1 (THEORY)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:

a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Answer all the questions both in section A and B in the spaces provided below each question
c) All workings must be clearly shown; marks may be awarded for correct steps even if the answers
are wrong.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAX SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
SECTION A 1-10 25
SECTION B 11
12
13
14
15
TOTAL 80

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 SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer All Questions In This Section In The Spaces Provided
1. The figure below shows part of a vernier calipers when the jaws are closed without an object in
between the jaws.

a) State the zero error of the vernier calipers. (1mk)

b) A student used the same vernier calipers to measure the diameter of a test tube of actual diameter
2.15cm. What was the reading shown by the vernier calipers? (2mks)

2. Xcm3 of substance A of density 800kgm-3 is mixed with 100cm3 of water of density 1000kgm-3. The
density of the mixture is 960kgm-3. Determine the value of x. (3mks)

3. Chalk is denser than air. Explain why chalk dust floats in air. (1 mark)

4. A bullet of mass 10g travelling at a speed of 400ms-1 hits a tree trunk, it penetrates the tree trunk and
stops inside the trunk after 4 cm.
(a) Calculate the average resistance force offered by the trunk to the bullet. (3mks)

(b) State the energy changes that takes place. (1mk)

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5. State one way of making surface tension of water stronger. (1mk)

6. State the law of conservation of energy. (1 mark)

7. An airtight flask containing a gas is connected to a mercury manometer. The levels of mercury in the
two limbs of the manometer are as shown in the diagram below.

Calculate the pressure of the gas (Density of mercury = 1.36 x 10 4 kg/m3 and atmospheric pressure = 1.0
x105 N/m2) (3mks)

8. A column of air 26cm long is trapped by mercury thread 5.0cm long as shown in the figure (a) below.
When the tube is inverted as in figure (b) the air column becomes 30cm long. What is the value of
atmospheric pressure? (3 marks)

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9. a) State two conditions necessary for a body to be in equilibrium. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) The figure below shows a uniform rod AE which is 40cm long. It has a mass of 2kg and pivoted at D. If
2N is acting at point E, and 30N force is passed through a frictionless pulley

X
Find the force X acting at end A (3mks

10. State the reason why a trailer carrying heavy loads has many wheels. (1 mark)

SECTION B
11. a)State the Archimedes Principle. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The figure below shows rectangular block of height 4cm floating vertically in a beaker containing
two immiscible liquid A and B. The densities of the liquid are 8000 kg/m³ and 12,000kg/m³
respectively.

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The cross sectional area is 2cm².Determine.
(i)the weight of the liquid A displaced by the black. (2 marks)

(ii)the weight of the liquid B displaced by the block. (2 marks)

(iii)the mass of the block. (1 mark)

(iv)the density of the block. 2 marks)

12. (a)(i)What is meant by perfectly inelastic collision. (1 mark)

(ii)A minibus of mass 1600kg travelling at a constant velocity of 20mls collides with a stationary car of
mass 800kg. The impact takes 2 seconds before the two moves together and come to rest after 15
seconds. Determine.
(a)The common velocity. 3marks

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(b) The distance moved after the impact. (2 marks)

(iii) The impulse force. (3 marks)

13. (a)Sketch a block and tackle pulley system with three movable pulleys in the lower block and two
fixed pulleys in the upper block. (2mks)

Find:
(b) (i)Velocity ratio (V.R.) (1mk)

(c)A man uses the inclined plane to lift a 50kg load through a vertical line height of 4.0m. The inclined
plane makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. If the efficiency of the inclined plane is 80%,
determine.
i. The effort needed to move the load up the inclined plane at a constant velocity. (3 marks)

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ii. The work done against friction in raising the load through the height of 4.0m. (Take g = 10N/kg).
(3 marks)

d) The graph below shows the variation of force with distance for a body being towed

Force
(N)
C D
6000
4000 A
B
2000
E G
0 10 20 30 40 50 70 Distance (m)
60
2000
4000
6000
F

Calculate the total work done on the body. (3 Marks)

14. a)The moon goes round the earth at constant speed. Explain why it is true to say that the moon is
accelerating. (1 mark)

(b) A string of negligible mass has a bucket tied at the end. The string is 60cm long and the buckets has
a mass of 45g. The bucket is swung horizontally making 6 revolutions per second. Calculate:
(i) The angular velocity. (1 mark)

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(ii)The centripetal acceleration. (2 marks)

(iii) The tension on the string. (2 marks)

(iv) The linear velocity. (1 mark)

(c)Figure 6 shows a body of mass;𝑚 = 200𝑔 attached to the centre of a rotating table with a string . The
radius of the string was varied and different values of angular velocity recorded. The mass of the body
remained constant throughout the experiment.

 r
String

fig.6

The results obtained for angular velocity and radius were used to plot the following graph;

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From the above graph;
(i)Calculate the value of the slope. (2mks)

𝟏 𝒑 𝟏
(ii)If 𝝎2 and 𝒓 are related by the equation; 𝝎2= 𝒓 × 𝒎 , find the value of P. (2mks)

(iii)State the significance of P. (1mk)

15. a)Define the term specific heat capacity. (1 mark)

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(b) A block of metal of mass 150g at 100C is dropped into a lagged calorimeter of heat capacity 40Jk -1
containing 100g of water at 25C. The temperature of the resulting mixture is 34C. (Specific heat
capacity of water = 4200Jkgˉ¹).
Determine;
(i) Heat gained by calorimeter. (2 marks)

(ii)Heat gained by water. (2 marks)

(iii)Heat lost by the metal block. (1 mark)

(iv)Specific heat capacity of the metal block. (3 marks)

(c)200 g of ice at 0°C is added to 400g water in a well lagged calorimeter of mass 40g.The initial
temperature of the water was 40°C. If the final temperature of the mixture is X°C,(Specific latent of
fusion of ice L = 3.36 x 105 Jkg-1, specific heat capacity of water, c = 4200Jkg-1K-1, specific heat capacity
of copper = 400 Jkg-1K-1.)
(i) Derive an expression for the amount of heat gained by ice to melt it and raise its temperature to X°C
(2mks)

(iii) Determine the value of X. (3mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
PHYSICS
232/2 (THEORY)
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS
a) Write your name and admission number in the space provided
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the space provided above
c) This paper consists of two sections A and B.
d) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
e) All working must be clearly shown.
f) Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.

For examiner’s use only

SECTION QUESTION TOTAL MARKS CANDIDATE’S SCORE
A 1-13 25
B 14 11
15 13
16 11
17 10
18 10
GRAND TOTAL 80 MARKS

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 SECTION A (25 Marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. Locate the position of the image of the object placed in front of a plane mirror shown below. (2 mks)

2. Show the magnetic field pattern of the current carrying conductors shown below. (2 mks)

3. State two factors that determine the strength of an electromagnet. (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. State two advantages of using a convex mirror as a driving mirror. (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. State two factors that affects the resistivity of an electrical conductor. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The figure below shows a wave in progress.

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 Determine the
a) Amplitude (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Frequency (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The figure below shows light travelling from less dense to more dense medium.

a)Show the direction of the refracted ray. (1 mark)

b)If the refractive index of the more dense medium is 1.4, calculate the angle of refraction.(3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. A current ,I, flowing through a wire of resistance ,R, is increased by seven times. Determine the factor
by which the rate of heat production was increased. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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9. The wavelength of a radio wave is 1km. Determine its frequency if the speed in 3 x 108ms-1 (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. State two uses of gold leaf electroscope. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Give a reason why soft iron is used as a core of the coil of an electric bell. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. State two differences between pinhole camera and the human eye. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. State two types of waves. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
14. a) Define the following terms.
i) Capacitor (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Capacitance (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 b) Three capacitors are connected to a 10v battery.

Calculate
i)the effective capacitance (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)the total charge (3 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State three factors that determine the capacitance of a capacitor. (3 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. a) Define a resistor. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 b) The figure below shows three resistors connected to 12v supply of internal resistance of 0.2Ω.

Calculate
i)the effective resistance. (3 marks)

ii)the total current in the circuit. (2 marks)

iii) the current through the 4Ω resistance. (3 marks)

c) If the current flows for 2 minutes calculate the total energy dissipated. (2 marks)

d) State two applications of resistors in real life situation. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. a) Explain briefly how a material acquires a positive charge. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 b) A steel pin is placed on the cap of a highly charge electroscope.

State and explain the observation that will be made on the gold leaf. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State a reason why a candle flame is blown away when a highly charged metal is brought close to
it. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Explain briefly why it is not advisable to take shelter on a tree when it is raining. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) State two dangers of electrostatic charges. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. a) State two methods of magnetisation. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 b) Why is repulsion the surest way of identifying a magnet. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c)Complete the diagram below to show the magnetic field patterns. (2 marks)

d) i) The figure below in a U-shaped iron core. Indicate the polarity at X and Y. (2 marks)

ii) State two applications of such an electromagnet. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18.a)A pin is placed at the bottom of a beaker containing a transparent liquid. When viewed from the top
the pin appears nearer the surface than it actually is. Explain the observation. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The table below shows the results obtained from such an experiment.
Apparent depth (cm) 2.21 3.68 5.15 6.62 8.09
Real depth cm 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0
i) Plot a graph of real depth against apparent depth. (5 marks)
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(ii) from the graph determine the refractive index of the material used. (3mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
PHYSICS
232/3 (PRACTICAL)
PAPER 3
TIME: 2½ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

CONFIDENTIAL
Q1.
 A spiral spring
 A complete retort stand
 2 masses of 100g each
 2 masses of 20g each
 A stop watch
 A vernier calipers
Q2.
 Two dry cells
 One ammeter
 One voltmeter
 A variable resistor
 A switch
 At least 6 connecting wires
 A candle
 A lens of focal length 10cm and a lens holder
 A screen
 A metre rule

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
PHYSICS
232/3 (PRACTICAL)
PAPER 3
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper
b) You are supposed to spend the first 15 minutes of the 2 ½ hours allowed for this paper reading the
whole paper carefully before commencing your work.
c) Marks are awarded for a clear record of the observations made, their suitability then accuracy and for
the use made of them
d) Candidates are advised to record their readings as soon as they are made
e) Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question 1 Question 2 Total
Max score 20 Max score 20 40
Candidate score Candidate score

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1. You are provided with the following
- A spiral spring
- A retort stand, boss and clamp
- 2 masses of 100g each
- 2masses of 20g each
- A stop watch
- A vernier calipers
(a) Measure the length and the diameter of the spiral spring provided.
(i) Length _______________________ cm (1mk)

(ii) Diameter _____________________ cm (1mk)

(b) (i) Attach the spiral spring on the stand and clamp as shown in the figure below

(ii) Hang a 50g mass at the lower and of the spiral spring and give the mass a small displacement
downwards and then releases it so that it oscillates vertically. Using the stopwatch, time 20 oscillations
and record.
Time for 20 oscillations = _____________________s (1mk)

(ii) Calculate the time, T for one oscillation

T = _______________ (1mk)

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(v) Repeat the same procedure using different masses as in the table below. Fill the table.
Maas, M(kg) Time for 20 oscillations (s) Periodic time T (s) T2(S2)
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
(6mks)
I (i) On the grid provided plot a graph of T2 against M. (5mks)

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 (ii) Determine the slope of the graph (2mks)

(d) Given that T2 = 4π2Mn and that n = 0.3m/kg. Find the value of g. (3mks)
g

2. PART 1
You are provided with the following
- Two dry cells
- One ammeter
- One voltmeter
- A variable resistor
- A switch
- 6 connecting wires
Proceed as follows:
(a) Set up the apparatus provided as in the diagram below.

A
A S
Variable
resistor

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(b) Close the switch and adjust the variable resistor until the voltmeter reads 2.9V. Record this value of
voltage V and the corresponding value of current I in the table below. (5mks)

V (V) 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2

IA

(c) Repeat the procedure (b) above for the other values of V and complete the table.
(d) Plot a graph of V(axis) against I. (5mks)

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(e) From the graph determine the emf, E and internal resistance, r of the battery given that
E = V + rI
E (1mk)

r (3mks)

PART 2
You are provided with the following
- A candle
- A lens and a lens holder
- A screen
- A metre rule
- A match box (can be shared)
(a)Set up the apparatus as shown below.

Ensure that the candle flame and the centre of the lens lie in a horizontal straight line.

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(b) Place the lens so that it is 40cm from the candle (u = 40cm). Adjust the position of the screen until a
sharp image of the candle is obtained on the screen. Measure the distance V between the lens and the
screen. Record in the table.
U (cm) 40 45 50
V (cm)
M = V/U
(c) Repeat (b) above the values of V in the table and record your results. (3mks)
(d) (i) Given that f = V + 1
M , where f is the focal length of the lens, use the results in the table above to determine the average
value of f . (3mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
AGRICULTURE
443/1 (THEORY)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1. This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C
2. Answer ALL the questions in sections A and B
3. Answer any TWO questions in section C
4. All answers to be written in English

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAX. SCORE CANDIDATE SCORE
A 1 – 16 30
B 17 – 20 20
C 21 – 23 40
TOTAL 90

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 SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in section
1. State four problems associated with nomadic pastrolism in Kenya. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.State two benefits of optimum soil temperature in crop production (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. State three ways by which biological agents can enhance the process of soil formation. (1 ½ mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Give three reasons for early seedbed preparation (1 ½ mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. State four factors that determine the depth of cultivation. (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Give four conditions which make it necessary to carry out irrigation. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. Give four characteristics of a productive soil. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. State four reasons why a farmer should avoid nitrogen fertilizers in tomato production. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Outline four qualities of a good mother plant from which vegetative propagation materials should be
obtained. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give four reasons for constructing a shade over a nursery bed (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Mention four factors that determine a stage at which a crop is harvested. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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12. Give two ways in which cover crops helps to conserve water in the soil (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Mention four factors that contribute to the competitive ability of weeds. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14.a). What is land reforms ( ½ mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b). Give three land reforms practiced in Kenya (1 ½ mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Identify four ways in which crop pests are classified. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. a). State two pasture legumes grown in medium altitude areas (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). State four benefits of conserving forage (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in section
17. The diagram below shows a farm record kept by a dairy farmer.

a). Identify the record (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Give four reasons why farmers keep records (4 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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18. The diagram below shows a procedure of carrying out a field practice.

a). Identify the method in the diagram above. (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Explain the procedure of carrying out the above practice (4 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
19. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a). Identify the structure (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Give one function of part labeled A (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c). State three structural requirements of the above structure. (3 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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20. The diagram below shows a method of soil and water conservation

a). Identify the structure shown above (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Give two other structures that can be used in place of the one in (a) above (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c). Give six factors that influence soil erosion (3 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions in section
21. a). Describe transplanting of tomato seedlings (7 mks)
b). Describe production of maize under the following subheadings
i). Seedbed preparation (3 mks)
ii). Planting (4 mks)
iii). Harvesting (3 mks)
c). State three effects of crop diseases (3 mks)

22. a). Describe six cultural methods of soil and water conservation (6 mks)
b). Describe ten safety precautions that should be taken when using herbicides in weed control
(10 mks)
c). give four effects of strong wind in crop production (4 mks)

23. a). Describe how water is treated to remove solid impurities (5 mks)
b). Explain seven factors that influence seed rates in crop production (7 mks)
c). Describe four human factors influencing agriculture (8 mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
AGRICULTURE
443/2 (THEORY)
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1. This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C
2. Answer ALL the questions in sections A and B
3. Answer any TWO questions in section C
4. All answers to be written in English

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAX. SCORE CANDIDATE SCORE
A 1 – 15 30
B 16 – 19 20
C 20 – 22 40
TOTAL 90

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in sections
1. Name four features of large white breeds of pigs (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2. State four adaptation of camel to its environment (2mks)

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3. List two equipment used in handling cattle during an agricultural extension. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. State four reasons for keeping dairy cattle healthy (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. State four indicators four external parasites infestation in lambs (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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6. State four factors that determine the amount of water required by an animal (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. Outline four advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. State the gestation period of the following farm animals (2mks)

i). pigs
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii). Rabbits
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii). Cattle
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv). Goats
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State four ways of administering vaccines on an animal (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give six routine management practices carried out in a crush (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11. List six qualities of egg suitable for incubation (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Give four advantages of artificial calf rearing (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Identify four clean sources of power on the farm (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Give four advantages of using animals as a source of power instead of a tractor. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. State two main factors that lead to low egg production in a flock of layers. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in sections
16. A dairy farmer required to prepare 200 KG of dairy meal containing 20% D.C.P. Available feedstuff
were soya bean meal 40% D.C.P. and maize 10% D.C.P. Use Pearson’s Square method to calculate the
amount of each feedstuff used. Show your working. (5 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. The diagram below shows a cross section of a fish pond

a). Name the parts labeled A, B and C. (1 ½ mks)

A
B
C
b). Give one function of part B (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c). Give one reason why a pond should have a deep end. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d). Explain how fingerings are introduced in a fish pond. (1 ½ mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
18. The diagram below shows a system of rearing poultry

a). Identify the system (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Give four advantages of the above system. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c). Mention four factors to consider when sorting and grading eggs for market. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. The diagram below shows a farm implement. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a). Identify the implement (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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b). Name parts labeled H, J, K and S. (2 mks)
H
J
K
S
c). Give two reasons why the above implement is suitable in hard soils (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer any TWO questions in this section
20. a). Describe Newcastle disease under the following sub – headings
i). Causal organisms (1 mk)
ii). Signs of infection (7 mks)
iii). Control measures (3 mks)
b). Explain four requirements of artificial incubation. (8 mks)

21. a). Describe management practices that ensure clean milk production. (10 mks)
b). Describe five differences between petrol and diesel engines. (10 mks)

22. a). List five factors considered when formulating livestock ration (5 mks)
b). Describe seven management practices a farmer should carry out to control parasite infestation in
livestock. (7 mks)
c). Describe eight signs of ill – health in livestock. (8 mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
BUSINESS STUDIES
565/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of 25 questions.
d) Answer all the questions in this paper.
e) All your answer must be written in the spaces provided in the question paper
f) Non –programmable silent electronic calculator may be used.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Marks

Questions 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Marks

Total Marks

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1. State four benefits of a business to the society. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Outline four reasons why motorcycles as a means of transport are popular. ( 4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Outline four advantages of delocalization of firms in a country. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Highlight four means of payment that may be provided by commercial banks to their customers.(4 mks
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. The financial period of Mukora traders ends on 31 st December every year. On 31st December 2021, the
business had the following assets and capital.
shs
Capital 24,000
Stock of goods 1,500
Debtors 2,000
Machinery 20,000
Cash 4,000

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Required:
Prepare a balance sheet as at 31st December 2021 (4 marks)

6. Outline four circumstances under which partnership may be dissolved. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Outline four circumstances under which gaps in the market may be identified. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. State the source document for each of the following subsidiary books. (4 marks)
Subsidiary book Source Document
a) Sales journal
b) Purchases journal
c) Returns inwards journal
d) Returns outward journal

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
9. In the table given below, give the appropriate type of advertising which suits the description. (4 marks)
Description Type of advertising
i) Promotes the name of the manufacturer
ii) Famous or popular persons are used in advertisements
iii) Used by organizations that deal with similar products
iv) Aims at popularizing a new product to potential customers

10. Using the diagram below indicate what is represented by the following letters. (4 marks)

d b

a _________________________________
b _________________________________
c _________________________________
d _________________________________
11. The office should ensure that the organization’s properties are protected and controlled. Mention
four ways that can be used. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Outline four disadvantages of a long chain of distribution. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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13. Outline four ways through which the government promotes trade internally. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. State the term that best fits each of the following descriptions. (4 marks)
a) Money brought into the business by owner
b) Goods bought for resale
c) Money withdrawn by the owner for private use
d) Money borrowed by business

15. State four types of information that may be extracted from a receipt. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Record the following transaction in a two column cashbook.
i) May 7, 2023 sold goods for sh 30,000 cash.
ii) May 8, 2023 paid Kamau sh 84,000 by cheque.

17. Outline four marine insurance policies. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
18. Highlight four features of monopolistic competition. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Outline four business resources that a business can use to enhance its operations. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. State four causes of high birth rate in developing countries. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Communication between or among people of the same rank in an organization is very important.
Highlight four importance of such communication. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Using expenditure approach, national income is arrived at by the formula Y = C+ I + G + (X – M).
Name what the following letters stands for: (4 marks)
C–
I–
G–
Y–

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23. Highlight four activities that take place as goods and services are moved from producers to the
users. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. The following balances were extracted from the books of accounts of Juha enterprises
shs
Stock as at 1st January 2013 35,000
Purchases 705,000
st
Stock as at 31 December 40,000
Purchases returns 15,000
Juha enterprises sell all their goods at a mark-up of 20%
Use the above information to calculate
a) Cost of goods sold. (2 marks)

b) Gross profit. (2 marks)

25. For each of the following accounts, indicate whether it is real, nominal or personal
Account title Account type
a) Wasua, a debtor
b) Commission received
c) Bank
d) Purchases

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
BUSINESS STUDIES
565/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.
1. This paper consist of six questions with section a and b.
2. Answer only five questions, both a and b in the writing material provided.
3. Indicate clearly the questions answered

For examiner’s use only

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6

SCORE

TOTAL

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1. a) Explain any five business macro-environment factors. (10 marks)
b) Explain five advantages of advertising to the consumer. (10 marks)

2. a) Explain five advantages of indirect production in the society. (10 marks)

b) Highlight five circumstances under which an insurance contract may be terminated. (10 marks)

3. a) The following balances were extracted from the books of accounts of Bandari Enterprises as at 31 st
December 2022
sh
Stock (31st December 2022) 294,600
Carriage outwards 20,000
Carriage inwards 31,000
Returns inwards 20,500
Returns outwards 32,200
Purchases 1,187,000
Discounts received 19,000
Sales 1,851,000
Salaries and wages 362,800
Discount allowed 30,400
Stock (1st January 2022) 236,000

Required: Prepare the trading, profit and loss account for the year ended 31 st December 2022. (10 marks)
b) Explain five ways of solving unemployment problems in Kenya. (10 marks)

4. a) Explain five limitations of barter trade. (10 marks)

b) Outline five differences between a partnership and a public limited company forms of business units.
(10 marks)
5. a) Explain five factors that influence the quantity of a commodity supplied. (10 marks)
b) Explain five advantages of transacting business through e-commerce. (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
6. a) Explain five factors that may discourage entrepreneurship in Kenya. (10 marks)
b) The following opening balances were extracted from the books of Masinga Traders on 1 st May 2023
Details sh
Furniture 56,000
Capital 80,000
Creditors 20,000
Debtors 25,000
Bank 11,000
Cash 8,000
The following transactions took place in the course of the month:
- Paid a creditor sh 4,500 in cash
- Took sh 3,000 from the bank for family use
- Bought stock sh 18,600 on credit
- Acquired a 10 year bank loan sh 165,000 which was credited to the business bank account
- Purchased land worth sh 82,000 paying by cheque
- Converted a family table worth sh 55000 to business use
- Received sh 7,300 in cash from debtor.
Required: Prepare Masinga Traders Balance sheet at the end May 2023. (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper consists of SIX questions.
3. Answer any FIVE questions.
4. This paper consists of 2 printed pages.
5. Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 Answer Any Five Questions
1. a) Identify the five poetic books in the Bible. (5marks)
b) State the meaning of the Biblical accounts of creation in Genesis chapters 1 and 2. (7 marks)
c) With reference to the story of the fall of human being in Genesis 3, state seven effects of sin on
Adam and eve. (8 marks)

2. a) Describe the covenant making ceremony between God and the Israelites at Mount Sinai. (Exodus
24:1-8) (8marks)
b) State six reasons why God called Abraham (6 marks)
c) Give six reasons why some Christians find it difficult to serve God. (6 marks)

3. a) state seven characteristics of local Canaanite religion (7 marks)

b) Outline seven achievements of David as King of Israel. (7 marks)
c) Give reasons why Christian in Kenya build churches. (6 marks)

4. a) Identify six characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mark)

b) Describe the call of Amos to become a prophet of God in Israel. (7 marks)
c) State ways in which Christians help the church leaders to perform their duties effectively (7 marks)

5. a) Give six reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet
(6 marks)
b) Outline the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah. (7 marks)
c) Write down seven problems that Christian leaders in Kenya face in their work today. (7marks)

6. a) Give the responsibility of the living towards God (8 marks)

b) Outline six ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in Traditional African Community
(6 marks)
c) State the conditions under which divorce may be allowed in the Traditional African Society. (6 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper consists of SIX questions.
3. Answer any FIVE questions.
4. This paper consists of 2 printed pages.
5. Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 Answer Any Five Questions
1. a) State Nathan's prophecies about the Messiah (2nd Samuel 7:3-17). (7marks)
b) What do Christians learn about the person and mission of John the Baptist from the message of
angel Gabriel to Zechariah. (7marks)
c) Identify six ways in which Christians respond to childlessness in marriage today. (6marks)

2. a) State six reasons why Jesus called twelve disciples in His ministry. (6marks)
b) Describe the transfiguration of Jesus Luke 9:28-36 (8 marks)
c) Identify six methods used by Jesus to spread the gospel (6 marks)

3. a) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on the proper
use of wealth. (Luke 16:19-31). (7marks)
b) Narrate the parable of the talents Luke 19:11-27 (7 marks)
c) Give six ways in which Christians misuse their wealth today (6 marks)

4. a) Identify Jesus teaching about the role of the Holy Spirit. (7marks)
b) Outline the characteristics of the people of God according to 1 Peter 2:910. (7marks)
c) Give six ways through which Christians can promote unity among themselves in Kenya today.
(6marks)
5. a) Explain Christian teaching on Human sexuality. (8marks)
b) Identify seven causes of homosexuality in Kenya today. (7marks).
c) Give five reasons why the church is involved in the fight against HIV and AIDS. (5marks).

6. a) Identify seven similarities between traditional African and Christian teachings on marriage. (7marks)
b) Outline six ways in which responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians today. (6marks)
c) State seven ways in which the church can help single parents. (7marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
311/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

 This paper consists of three sections A, B, and C.
 Answer all questions in section A, three in section B and two in section C.
 All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

SECTION SECTION A SECTION SECTION TOTAL
B C
QUESTIONS 1-17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

SCORE

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 SECTION A ( 25 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section
1.Name one pre-historic sites in Kenya where remains of kenyapithecus were located (1mks)
2.Identify the community that displaced the Pokomo from Shungwaya. (1 mark)
3.State one role of warriors among the pre-colonial Mijikenda. (1 mark)
4.State two roles of the Orkoiyot among the pre-colonial Nandi community. (2mks)
5.Outline two responsibilities of a good Kenyan citizen. (2mks)
6 Name one peaceful method of resolving conflict. (1mk)
7. Give two limitations of freedom of movement. (2mks)
8.Name two rights of children in Kenya (2mks)
9. Identify two principles of democracy (2mks)
10.Identify one communities that exhibited mixed reactions. 1mk
11.Give one reasons why oathing was administered to Agiriama warriors during their resistance to the
British (1 mark)
12.Identify two challenges faced by settler farmers in Kenya during the colonial period (2 marks)
13.State two features of Missionary education in Kenya during the colonial period. (2marks)
14.Give the main reason for the construction of Uganda railway. (1 mark)
15Identify one type of elections in Kenya. (1 mark)
16.Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan Judiciary? (1 mark)
17.Identify any two pillars of Nyayo philosophy (2MKS)

SECTION B
18.a) Give five results of the migration and settlement of the Agikuyu in Kenya during the Pre-colonial
period (5mks)
b). Describe the social organization of the Nandi during the pre-colonial period (10 mks)
19.a) Give features of the coastal city states (3mks)
b) Explain six reasons for the coming of European Christian missionaries to Kenya in the 19 th century
(12mks)
20.a) give 5 reasons why Africans were opposed to the British colonial rule between 1920 – 1939? (5mks)
b) Explain five methods used by African Nationalists in Kenya in their struggle for independence (10mks)
21.a) Identify five methods that the colonial government used to discourage the activities of Mau Mau.
(5mks)
(b) Explain five factors that led to the migration of Africans to the urban areas in Kenya during the colonial
period.

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 SECTION C (30MARKS)
22a) State three causes of conflicts (3mks)
b) Describe the constitution making process in Kenya. (12mks)

23.a). State five functions of the Cabinet in Kenya? (5mks)

b) Discuss five challenges facing the Kenya Defense Forces. (10MKS)

24.Identiy 3 ways in which harambee philosophy contributed to national unity in Kenya (3mks)
b). Discuss 6 impacts of Nyayo philosophy (12mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
311/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

 This paper consists of three sections A, B, and C.
 Answer all questions in section A, three in section B and two in section C.
 All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

SECTION SECTION A SECTION SECTION TOTAL
B C
QUESTIONS 1-17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

SCORE

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 SECTION A ( 25 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section
SECTION A: 25 MARKS(ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS)
1. Give two unwritten sources of information in History and Government.
(2mk)
2. Name one type of artefact that is likely to be found in an archaeological site.
(1mk)
3. Name one type of early manuscript which is likely to contain information on History and government.
(1mks)
4. Name the scientist who discovered the evolution theory on the origin of man.
(1mk)
5. Give two ways in which early man obtained food. (2mks)
6. Identify two effects of wheel in Mesopotamia. (2mks)
7. Name the main commodity from Africa in the Trans-atlantic trade. (1mk)
8. Define the term urbanization. (1mk)
9. State the main function of the golden stool in the Asante empire during the pre-colonial period.
(1mk)
10. State the main reason why the European powers held the Berlin conference during the pre-
colonial period. (1mk)
11. State two ways in which the European maintained peace among themselves during the partition
of Africa. . (2mk)
12. Identify two roles played by ex-soldiers in the struggle of African nationalism after 1945.
(2mks)
13. Give two ways in which the treaty of verasailles signed in 1919 affected Germany.
(2mks)
14. Give the main incident which made Japan to surrender unconditionally to the allied powers in
1945. (1mk)
15. Name two principles organs of the United Nations (2mks)
16. Identify two leaders who were founder members of the non-Aligned movement.
(2mks)
17. Name one member state of common market of Eastern and Southern Africa.
(1mk)

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SECTION B: 45 MARKS(ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS)
18. (a) Give three features of microlithics tools used during the late stone age period. (3mks)
(b) Explain six factors that undermines hunting and gathering activities by early humans. (12mks)

19. (a) Give three communities that participated in the Maji Maji rebellions. (3mks)
(b) Explain six reasons why Africans were defeated by the Germans in the Majimaji rebellion.
(12mks)

20. (a) Name the three founding leaders of the African National Congress Youth league that was
formed in 1943. (3mks)
(b)Explain six problems faced by nationalists in Mozambique during their struggle against the Portuguese
colonialism. (12mks)

21. (a) State three reasons why Britain Used Imperial British East Africa company to administer her
possessions. (3mks)
(b)Explain six reasons which made British to use indirect rule to administer Nothern Nigeria. (12mks)

SECTION C: 30 MARKS
(ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS)
22. (a) Give three European countries that formed the Tripple Alliance before the outbreak of the first
world war.. (3mks)
(b) Explain six Impacts of the first world war.. (12mks)

23. (a) Give five functions of the common wealth. (5mks)

(b) Explain five achievements of non-aligned movement. (10mks)

24. (a) Name three objectives of the East African communities. (3mks)
(b) Explain six achievements of the pan-African movement. (12mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
GEOGRAPHY
312/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided at the top of the page\
2. Answer all the questions in section A. In section B answer question 6 and any other two questions from
this section.
3. All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided.

MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

SECTION A 25
QUESTION 6 25
25
25
TOTAL 100

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1.(a) State how the Coriolis force affects the direction of wind. (2 marks)
(b) Give three characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds (3 marks)
2. The table below shows the mean monthly rainfall and temperature for station
Months J F M A M J J A S O N D
Mean monthly 15 8 8 13 31 51 51 51 28 25 18 20
rainfall (mm)
Mean monthly -22 -18 -12 -1 4 10 11 11 5 -11 -18 -22
temperature (0C)
Describe the climatic characteristics represented by the mean monthly rainfall and temperature table
station X. (5 marks)
3. (a) What is an earthquake (2 marks)
(b) Identify the scales used to measure; (2 marks)
(i) The intensity of earthquake
(ii) The magnitude of earthquake
4. (a) Name three types of boundaries according to the plate tectonic theory (3 marks)
(b) Give three effects of the movement of tectonic plates. (3 marks)
5. (a) State three conditions that influence the process of solifluction in mass wasting. (3 marks)
(b) Give two negative effects of mass wasting on the physical environment (2 marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and ANY OTHER TWO questions from this section.
6 Study the map of TAMBACH [Sheet no.90/3] provided and answer the following questions.
[a][i] What type of map is Tambach? (1 mk)
[ii] What is the contour interval of the map? (1 mk)
b. [i] What is the six-figure grid reference of the air photo principal 15/KE/37/079/? [2mks]
[ii] What is the direction of cattle dip on grid 8470 from air photo principal 15/KE/37/082? [2mks]
[iii] What is the bearing of air photo principal point at grid square 0180 from the trigonometrical
station at grid square 0475? [2mks]
c [i] what is the longitudinal and latitudal extend of the area covered by the map. [2mks]
[ii] Calculate the area of the planted forest at Kapchemutwa. Give your answer in square
Kilometres.
[iii] Name two drainage patterns found in the area covered by the map.
[2mks]
d.[i] Citing evidence from the map, explain three factors favoring livestock production. [6mks]
[ii] Draw a rectangle 12cm by 8cm to represent the area bound by easting [6mks]
89 and 98 and northings 69 and 75. On the rectangle mark and name the following:
i. River Kerio.
ii. Dry weather road.
iii. Air photo principal 7
iv. Seasonal swamp.

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7. (a) (i) Differentiate between faulting and folding. (2 marks)
(ii) Name five features formed as a result of faulting. (5 marks)
(b) The world map below shows the location of some fold mountains. Use it to answer question (a) (i)

Identify the fold mountains marked W, X, Y and Z (4marks)

(ii) Citing relevant examples, explain how Fold Mountains were formed according to the plate tectonics
theory. (6 marks)
(c) Explain the effects of Fold Mountains on the following
Transport. (2 marks)
Agriculture. (2 marks)
Tourism. (2 marks)
Mining. (2 marks)
8.(a) Describe the following wind erosion processes
(i) Abrasion (2 marks)
(ii) Deflation (2 marks)
(b) Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.

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(i) Name the feature marked A and B (2 marks)
(ii) State three significance of feature A to the human environment (3 marks)
c) i) Explain how a canyon is formed (5 marks)
ii) Using well labelled diagrams describe how Zeugen are formed (8 marks)
(d) State three characteristics of a barchan (3 marks)
9. (a) (i) Define a coastline (2 marks)
(ii) Give three types of a coral reefs (3 marks)
(b) i) Describe how a Tombolo is formed (4marks)
(ii) Using well labelled diagrams describe how a stack is formed (8 marks)
(c) (i) Give three factors that determine the size of a wave in the open sea. (3 marks)
(ii) State three uses of coral reefs (3 marks)
(iii) Students from Mombasa high school carried out a field study along the
coastline of Indian Ocean. Give the reason for carrying the following items (2 marks)
-Stop watch
-Camer
10. (a) (i) State three characteristics of a maximum thermometer. (3 marks)
(ii) Explain how a maximum thermometer is used to measure temperature (6 marks)
(b) Describe;
(i) How Lake Victoria influences the temperature of the surrounding region. (4 marks)
(iii) How south east trade wind. Influence temperature at the coast. (2 marks)
(c) (i) Explain two ways in which vegetation adapts to hot climate. (4 marks)
(ii) Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate (6 marks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
GEOGRAPHY
312/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided at the top of the page\
2. Answer all the questions in section A. In section B answer question 6 and any other two questions from
this section.
3. All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided.

MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

SECTION A 25
QUESTION 6 25
25
25
TOTAL 100

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 SECTION A:
Answer all the questions in this section
1a) What is the meaning of human geography (2marks)
b) Give three sub division of human geography (3marks)
2a) State the characteristics of shifting cultivation. (2 marks)
b) Identify three problems facing normadic patrolists in Kenya (3marks)
3a) Name three ways in which placer method of mining can be done. (3Marks)
b) State two problems facing trona mining in lake Magadi (2 marks)
4a) Give two counties in the Rift Valley region of Kenya where cattle ranching is practiced (2marks)
b) Name three exotic breed reared by beef farmers in Kenya (3marks)
5a) Give three reasons why it is necessary to study geography through fieldwork (3marks)
ii) Give two disadvantages of using cumulative bar graph in data presentation. (2marks)
b) Name five areas in Kenya where horticulture is practiced (5marks)
c) Explain four reasons why horticultural produce is exported by air to the European market.(8mrks)
6.The table below shows land use in country Y in 2022. Use it to answer questions (a).
Land use Area in ‘000 km2
Settlement 110
Grassland 30
Horticulture 50
Forest 10
Total 200
(a)(i)Draw a divided rectangle 10cm long graph to represent land use in country Y. (6 marks)
(ii)State two disadvantages of presenting data using divided rectangle. (2 marks)
(b)(i)Define dairy farming. (2 marks)
(ii)Name two breeds of dairy cattle reared in Denmark. (2 marks)
(iiiGive two physical conditions that favour dairy farming in Denmark. (2 marks)
(c)Explain the measures being taken by the government of Kenya to promote dairy farming.(6 marks)
(d)Give five ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy farming in Denmark. (5 marks)

7 a) Give two varieties of tea grown in Kenya (2marks)

b) Name two counties in central Kenya where tea is grown in large scale (2 marks)
c) State five physical conditions required for growing of tea in Kenya (5 marks)
d) Describe the stages of tea processing to the time it is ready for marketing (6 Marks)
e) Explain four problems experienced in small scale tea farming in Kenya . (8marks)
f) Give two ways through which coffee farming in Kenya differs from coffee in Brazil (6Marks)

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8. (a).Define the term indigenous forests (2marks)
(b).Outline how the following factors influences the distributions of forests
(i) Temperature (3marks)
(ii) Human activities (3Marks)
b (i) State three problems of exploitation of tropical rain forest in Africa (3Marks)
ii) Explain the cause of forest depletion in Kenya today. (6Marks)
C i) Give three problems Canada faces exploiting her forests (3Marks)
ii) Name three major lumbering provinces in Eastern Canada (3Marks)
iii) Give two differences between forestry in Kenya and Canada (4Marks)

9 ai) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation (2Marks)

ii) State two methods of land reclamation used in Kenya (2marks)
iii) Explain three conditions that favour irrigation farming in Kenya. (6Marks)
b i) State two physical factors that influence the location of Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme.
(2Marks)
ii) Explain two human problems that farmers face in irrigation farming in Kenya. (4 Marks)
C i) Give three benefits of the polders in Netherlands. (3Marks)
ii) Describe the stages of land reclamation in Netherlands (6 Marks)

10 a i) Define the term mining (2Marks)

ii) State four formations in which mineral occur (4 Marks)
b i) Name three methods of underground mining apart from shaft method (3Marks)
ii) Describe how shaft method is carried out (6Marks)
iii) State two disadvantages of direct observation as a method of data collection. (2Marks)
c) Explain four benefits of the oil mining to the local community in Turkana. (8Marks)
d) Name two parts through which minerals in East Africa are exported (2Marks)

END

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
ENGLISH
101/1 (Functional Skills)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

Instructions to the candidates

a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) Answer all the questions in this paper
d) Candidates must answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use only

Question Maximum Candidate’s
score score
1 20
2 10
3 30
Total score

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1. FUNCTIONAL WRITING (20 MARKS)
a) Your cousin has read an advertisement in your local daily newspaper for the position of a library
assistant in a public library. He advised you to apply for the job. Write a curriculum vitae for the
purpose of applying for this job (12mks)

b) Assume you have been offered the job as a library assistant. Write a thank you note to your cousin for
his good advice (8mks)
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2. CLOZE TEST (10MKS)
A……………………..1 was arraigned before the magistrate in the Kilimani law ……………………2
Yesterday afternoon. Aged about thirty-three, the man was ……………………….3 of trespassing into his
neighbor’s ……………………………..4 and stealing oranges. The man however, pleaded not
………………………….5. He claimed he did not even know Onyango, the complainant. He even
………………………………..6 having met him as he escaped with the oranges. The man …………………………7
laughter when he claimed he did not even take oranges as he is allergic to them. He said Onyango was
trying to ……………………….8 old scores with him by taking him to court. The magistrate ordered him to be
…………………9 in custody until proper ……………………………10 were carried out.

3. ORAL SKILLS (30MKS)

A. Read the poem below and answer the questions that follows
Do not stand at my grave and weep
Do not stand at my grave and weep
I am not there, I do not sleep
I am in a thousand winds that blow
I am the softly falling snow

I am the gentle showers of rain

I am the fields of ripening grain
I am in the morning hush
I am in the graceful rush

Of beautiful birds in circling flight

I am the star shine of the night
I am in the flowers that bloom,
I am in a quiet room.

I am in the birds that sing

I am in each lovely thing
Do not stand at my grave and cry
I am not there. I do not die
(By Mary Elizabeth Frye)

1. Comment on the rhyme scheme of this poem (2mks)

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2. Identify and illustrate any two sound patterns used in the poem above (2mks)
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3. How would you say the last line of the poem (2mks)
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4. With a reason, state the words you would stress in the first line of the poem (2mks)
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B. For each of the word given below, write down another word with similar pronunciation (4mks)
i. Hire …………………………………………………………
ii. Guest …………………………………………………………
iii. Flour …………………………………………………………
iv. Plum …………………………………………………………

C. Indicate the correct intonation for the following sentences (4mks)

i. How did she travel to Nairobi? ……………………………………
ii. Can I take you home? ……………………………………
iii. You are the new student, aren’t you? ……………………………………
iv. I have been working very hard for the coming examination. …………………

D. Your neighbouring school has invited you as a guest speaker to give a talk on drug abuse. At the end of
the speech, the students commented that the talk was delivered. Give reasons why they commented
so. (4mks)
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E. You have been invited to a very important interview. Explain briefly what you need to do before the
occasion to ensure that you look presentable (3mks)
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F. We all have to give direction to other people from time to time, sometime we will have to write
directions. However, we often have to give directions orally. What are some of the things you would
mention to make the directions more accurate (3mks)
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G. Below is a telephone conversation between friends. Fill the missing parts (4mks)
Jane: Hello, may I talk to Judy please?
Judy:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Jane: Oh, how are you? How have you been?
Judy: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Jane: I am very sorry, where was the accident?
Judy:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Jane: Good to hear that your injuries were not too serious. You will pull through
Judy:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Jane: We will visit you as soon as we can. Bye for now and I wish you a quick recovery.
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
ENGLISH
101/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
COMPREHENSION, LITERARY APPRECIATION AND GRAMMAR

NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your Name, Admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
 Answer all questions in this paper.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 20
2 25
3 20
4 15
TOTAL SCORE 80

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Ql. Comprehension
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. (20mks)
To alleviate poverty in Africa and other developing regions, the rural poor must be made partners in the
growth process, asserts the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). In advocating for
urgent action, the UN Body maintains that standard poverty —reduction strategies, which regard the
poor as passive beneficiaries of eventual economic success, have been a striking failure. Only by
mobilizing the productive potential of the nearly I billion small farmers, pastoralists and fisher folk who
are living in dire poverty — a fifth of the world's population- can the sharp deterioration in living
standards be reversed, says IFAD.
The solution lies "first and foremost" among rural people themselves. Unless governments and
international agencies rely upon and bolster local knowledge and resources, the number of rural poor
world- wide — which rose by 40 percent over the past 20 years- may reach 1.5 billion by the end of this
decade. Africa, with 11 of the 15 poorest nations documented by IFAD, is the region experiencing the
most rapid rise in rural poverty.
Standard approaches, such as structural adjustment and what the report terms "trickledown economics
have proved unable to stem the growth of rural poverty. This is because they have generally channeled
resources to urban areas and large producers, viewing aid to small farmers as a costly act of charity. But
IFAD maintains that investments aimed at raising small-scale rural production can in fact "trickle up" to
stimulate economic growth, citing Burundi and Cameroon as African examples. And projects in poor rural
communities often bring returns that compare favorably with other economic activities, the fund adds.
To reinforce its call for "drastic action" the IFAD report paints a stark picture of chronic hunger and
increasing deprivation. The number of rural people living below the poverty line in Kenya increased by
150 per cent from 1965 to 1988; in Tanzania the figure rose by 71 per cent; Egypt, 133 per cent; and
Ghana, 67 per cent. Food security at the house hold level was judged "low" in sub Saharan countries,
and "high" in only two of the 66 developing countries with the most severe level of poverty, 36 of which
are in Africa.
Without concerted action to counter this trend; a large part of the burden will spill over to the urban
areas and abroad, where the cost of providing a livelihood is much higher. African governments say
developed countries must make rapid economic shifts to allay the crisis. At an IFAD Governing Council
meeting in Rome last year. Nigerian vice president Augustus was blunt; the "critical bottleneck" to
African development is protectionism within Northern markets, "ridiculous prices" for primary
commodities and suffocating debt. It is time, he said, for the west to adopt a policy of "debt forgiveness,"
since previous efforts have reduced the continent's debt by "a mere 2 per cent."

QUESTIONS
a.) Why, according to the passage, have the efforts to alleviate poverty failed? (2mks)
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b.) What percentage of the world's population lives in dire poverty (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c.) Why according to the writer of this passage have structural adjustment and other standard approaches
failed to alleviate poverty? (3mks)
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d.) What evidence does IFAD advance to prove that poverty in Africa is on the rise? (2mks)
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e.) "Passive beneficiaries of eventual economic success, have been a striking failure" Add a question tag.
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(lmk)
f)In about 40 words, summarise what the writer says must be done so as to stem the tide of poverty in the
world. (4mks)
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g.) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage. (4mks)
i. Maintains
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ii. Stem
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iii. Reinforce
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iv. Blunt
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h.) In your own words, state the argument put forward by the Nigerian vice-president. (3mks)
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Q2: John Lara; The Samaritan

Read the excerpt below and then answer the questions that follow. (25 marks)
Mossi: Municipal fund? How?
Seymour: We just need to do some reallocation of budget line items.
Ted: I agree. We must set aside some money to take care of investigators, lawyers, prosecutors and
judges if things go wrong.
Seymour: You see, the waste disposal system in our town is in a terrible state. There is garbage all over
the place and the drains are broken. As we speak, it is a serious health hazard. We can justify
reallocation of funds on the need to address this problem. In reality, we will use some of the funds
to fight off cases that are without a doubt coming.
Mossi: (Surprised and in disbelief) What?
Seymour: Yes, we have to get money to fight the cases. And enough of it, I dare say!
Mossi: But that will only get us deeper into problems!
Seymour: Yes, it will; but we will be the better armed to deal with the trouble and even more of it.
Mossi: Over my dead body! What you are suggesting is illegal? The law is very clear. A Municipal Council
cannot spend any money at any time of a financial year except as provided in the national
estimates, and as contained in an Appropriation Act approved by Parliament.
Ted: (Looking at Mayor Mossi in disbelief) What do you mean? You would rather we are prosecuted and
imprisoned?
Seymour: In that case, we can submit a supplementary estimate of expenditure. That is allowed under the
law.

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Mossi: So long as that money will be committed to other uses, I will be blamed for the misallocation. It
will get me into more trouble!
Seymour: You will be in a position to deal with the trouble. Can’t you understand? You will have the
money!
Mossi: (Pointing at Seymour and Ted) Look here, my good friends, you have in the past forced my hand
into misallocating funds by making unreasonable demands.
Seymour: Which demands?
Mossi: You cannot deny that you have forced me to concede to endless demands ranging from regular
travel with enhanced allowances for members of the Municipal Council, sitting allowances of
unnecessary committee meetings, to loans and mortgages. It is as though all the money allocated
to the Municipality is exclusively meant for Council Members!
Seymour: Don’t start pontificating! You will never get away with the crimes committed under your watch
if things get out hand! And you also know how much you have stolen! So you better be wise! Let’s
do a supplementary estimate.
Mossi: (Hand raised and wagging his finger pointing at Seymour in anger) I know you very well. I know
those things you deal with! If you are not careful, I will have you arrested and prosecuted! I can
make you see real smoke! And I can strike harder than thunder!

(a) Where does this conversation take place and what happens before it? (3 marks)
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(b) Basing on the events that happen earlier in the play, explain the cause of the conflict in this excerpt
(3 marks)
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(c) Identify and illustrate one theme brought out in the excerpt. (2 marks)
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 (d) How is Seymour portrayed in the excerpt? Illustrate your answer. (4 marks)
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(e) “If you are not careful, I will have you arrested and prosecuted!” From your knowledge of the play, state
any three accusations for which Seymour can be arrested and prosecuted. (3 mks)
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(f) Explain the effect of any two stylistic features used in this excerpt. (4 marks)
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(g) What is the mood of this excerpt? (2 marks)

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(h) “We just need to do some reallocation of budget line items.” Begin: What…. (1 mark)
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(i) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the excerpt. (3 marks)
(i) fight off …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) concede …………………………………………………………………………
(iii) pontificating ……………………………………………………………………

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Question 3. Literary Appreciation (20 mks)
Poetry.
“The face of hunger.”
I counted the ribs on his concertina chest
Bones protruding as if chiseled
By a sculptor’s hand of famine.

He looked with glazed pupils

Seeing only a bun on some sky-high shelf
The skin was pale and taut
Like a glove on a doctor’s hand
His tongue darted in and out
Like a chameleon’s
Snatching a confetti of flies

Oh! Child
Your stomach is a den of lions
Roaring day and night
By Mbuyiseni Mstshali
Questions
a.) Identify the persona in the above poem. (2mks)
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b.) What is the poem about? (4mks)
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c.) Identify and illustrate instances of imagery in the poem. (4mks)
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d.) Using illustrations identify the dominant theme in the above poem. (2mks)
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e.) What tone do you get in the above poem. (3mks)
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f.) Your stomach is a den of lion. (negate the statement.) (1 mk)

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g.) Give the contextual meaning of the following words and phrases (4mks)
i. Protruding
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ii. Pale
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iii. Darted
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iv. Roaring
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4. GRAMMAR (15mks)
a) Replace the underlined words in each of the sentences with the most suitable phrasal verbs (3mks)
i) The doctor remarked that the girl …………….……………………. (resembles) the father.
ii.) The looters ……………………. (stole) goods of unknown value during the city riots.
iii.)When he ……………………… (regained consciousness), he was amazed to realize that he was in hospital.

b.) Complete the following sentences by adding the correct relative pronoun (3mks)
i.) The picture ……………………………… you were talking about has been sold.
ii.) Get it back from the person ……………………………………… you sold it to
iii.) This is the boy ……………………….composition was the best.

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c.) Use the correct form of the words in brackets to fill in the blank spaces in each of the sentences
below. (3mks)
i. The accident…………………………………….. (occur) near the hospital yesterday.
ii. The………………………………………………………... (argue) made them to quarrel at last.
iii.The vehicle broke down due to poor ………………………………………… (maintain)
d) Rewrite the following sentences as instructed. (3mks)
i) Nyambura never came late to school this term. (Begin: not ……………………………….)
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iiHe wore a mask. He was unrecognizable. (combine into a sentence beginning with a present participle)
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iii) No one likes to be sick. (Change the infinitive into a gerund)

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e.) Write the following sentences according to the instructions given

i.) Someone is following us. (Rewrite in passive)
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ii) He was absent from work for three days without permission. He wrote a rude letter to the manager.
(Rewrite as one sentence beginning, not only ………………….)
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iii) Let me have a taste. (Add a question tag).

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This is the last printed page.

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
ENGLISH
101/3
PAPER 3
TIME: 2½ HOURS
(CREATIVE COMPOSITION AND ESSAYS BASED ON SET BOOKS)

NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer three questions only
2. Question 1 and 2 are compulsory
3. Answer either question 1a or 1b
4. In question 3 choose only one from the optional text
5. The essay MUST NOT exceed 450 Words.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 20
2 20
3 20
TOTAL 60

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Q1: Imaginative Essay
a). Write a story beginning with the following statement, “Looking up at the sky, I knew everything
would be fine.”
or
b). Write a story illustrating the saying “Crime does not pay” (20mks)

Q2: Compulsory Text (20mks)

The Samaritan by John Lara
People who engage in wrongdoing cannot escape from the consequences of their actions. Write an essay
to support this claim basing your illustrations on John Lara’s The Samaritan.

Q3: Essay based on Optional Text

Answer any one question
3a) A Silent Song and Other Stories: “A Man of Awesome Power” by Naguib Mahfouz (20 mks)
“When one is given power, he/she should use it only for good but more often than not, people use it for
wrong purpose.” Support this statement basing your argument from Naguib Mahfouz’s “A Man of
Awesome Power”.

3b) Parliament of Owls by Adipo Sidana (20 mks)

Misuse of power is a common phenomenon in most African countries. Validate this statement basing your
arguments on the play Parliament of Owls.

3c) Artist of the Floating World by Kazoo Ishiguro. (20 mks)

Noriko’s marriage negotiations have been used as a means to reveal Ono’s past. Justify the statement using
illustrations from the novel Artist of the Floating World.

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
PREMOCK SERIES 1
102/1

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 1 (INSHA)
MUDA: SAA 1¾

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………..

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI………………………..

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………….

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

Maagizo
a. Andika jina lako na nambari ya usajili katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
b. Tia sahihi yako kisha andika tarehe.
c. Andika insha mbili. Insha ya kwanza ni ya lazima.
d. Kisha chagua insha nyingine moja kati ya hizo tatu zilizobakia.
e. Kila insha isipungue maneno 400.
f. Kila insha ina alama 20.
g. Kila insha lazima iandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE

SWALI UPEO ALAMA

1 20
20

Jumla

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1. LAZIMA
Katika eneo la Tujikaze kumekuwa na ongezeko la visa vya udanganyifu katika mtihani ya kitaifa. Wewe ni
katibu wa jopokazi lililoteuliwa kuchunguza sababu au chanzo cha visa hivyo. Andika ripoti ya
uchunguzi huo huku ukitoa mapendekezo.

2. Serikali inafanya mikakati kabambe ili kupigana na janga la njaa nchini. Jadili

3. Tunga Kisa kitakachodhihirisha maana ya methali ifuatayo

Usipoziba ufa utajenga ukuta

4. Andika kisa kitakachomalizika kwa maneno yafuatayo:

…Siku hiyo itabakia kwenye kumbukumbu zangu daima dawamu.
Ilikuwa ni siku ambayo nilifedheheshwa mbele ya wandani wenzangu shuleni. Waswahili hawakukosea
waliponena kuwa mwungwana akivuliwa nguo huchutama.

HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO ULIOPIGWA CHAPA

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
PREMOCK SERIES 1
102/2

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 2 (LUGHA)
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………..

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI………………………..

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………….

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

Maagizo
a) Andika jina lako na nambari yako ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
b) Tia sahihi yako kisha uandike tarehe ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
c) Jibu maswali yote.
d) Majibu yote yaandikwe katika nafasi ulizoachiwa katika kijitabu hiki cha maswali.
e) Usitoe ukurasa wowote kutoka kwenye kijitabu hiki.

Kwa matumizi ya mtahini pekee

Swali Upeo Alama

1 15
2 15
3 40
4 10
Jumla 80

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1. UFAHAMU ALAMA 15
Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali
Katini alinitazama kwa muda , alinijibu, ‘Ndio alioa. Lakini unajua wanawake wa siku hizi walivyo; hawana
moyo wa kumlea mwana wa mwenzao. Wanachelea kwamba ule ugwe uliowaunganisha baba na mama
mtoto utamea tena. Wanasema kwamba kumlea mtoto wa mwanamke mwingine ni kuhatarisha
masilahi yao katika ndoa.’
“Usimulizi wa Katini ulinikatisha tamaa zaidi. Nilijua kwamba hata nikamtafuta mama, huenda naye
ameolewa na katika jamii yetu nasikia mtoto ni wa baba. Kwa hivyo, hata huko alikoolewa mama
sitakuwa na hadhi yoyote, nikaona nitachukuliwa kama mpitanjia aliyekuja kuvuruga utulivu wa familia
yao. Moyo uliniambia niende kwa shangazi yangu, lakini nilijikanya. Nilijiuliza, ‘Ikiwa baba na mama
hawawezi kunilea, sembuse shangazi? Haihalisi kumwongezea Shangazi Waridi mzigo. Hapo alipo hata
ndiye anayegharamia masomo yangu kwa kidogo anachokipata kutoka kwenye vikataa vyake.
Nilipiga moyo konde, nikazidi kujiambia, ‘ Binadamu aliumbwa kupambana na ulimwengu na kutumia
rasilimali aliyopewa na Mungu kuyaboresha maisha yake, najua nimepewa akili razini, nina azma ya
kujiendeleza masomoni. Najua nitahitimu masomo yangu siku moja na kurudi hapa hapa petu kupajenga
upya. Sitarajii kutatokea mtu kunyakua ardhi hii ambapo nimemzika mpenzi nyanya yangu.
Ari hii ilinifanya nijitome kwenye njia nisiyojua kikomo chake. Akili na miguu yangu ilinielekeza katika kijiji
kimoja wanakoishi wafanyakazi wa shamba la chai la Shirika la Chai la Tengenea. Kiwanda hiki
kinamilikiwa na Mzungu mmoja aliyekuwa mlowezi nchini. Mzungu huyu kwa jina Richard aliaga mara
tu baada ya Uingereza kuikabdhi nchi hii uhuru. Hata hivyo, familia yake bado inamiliki shamba hili, kama
Wazungu wengine wanavyomiliki mashamba ya michai na mibuni, pamoja na mashirika mengi ya
utengenezaji wa mazao ya mimea hii nchini. Kining’inya ya Richard ndiye Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa shirika
hili hivi sasa.
Ukiniuliza ni kwa nini niliamua kuja hapa nitakwambia kwamba nilijua pana shule hapo hapo shambani.
Pili, nilijua kwamba iwapo ingetokea kwamba singekuwa na wa kuyakidhi mahitaji yangu ya kimsingi,
nyanya yangu alikuwa amenifunza umuhimu wa kufanya kazi. Hapo shambani ningeweza kuchuna
majanichai Jumamosi na hata wakati wa likizo ili kujikimu.
Asubuhi moja ilinipata ndani ya ofisi ya mwalimu mkuu wa shule ya Msingi ya Kilimo. Mwalimu Mkuu Bi.
Tamasha, alisikiliza kadhia yangu kwa makini . Hakuonyesha kushtuka kwa yaliyonipata katika umri
wangu mdogo hivi. Aliniambia kwamba ningeweza kuanza masomo katika darasa la pili. Aliniahidi kuwa
angemwomba mzazi mmoja anipe hifhadhi. Huo ukawa mwanzo wa maisha yangu mapya katika makao
ya wafanyakazi wa mashamba ya chai. Nilichukuliwa na familia ya Bwana Tenge na mkewe Kimai na
kunilea pamoja na watoto wao watano. Wenzangu, nyinyi hamjui adha zinazowapata wafanyakazi wa
kima kidogo. Mtajuaje na hamjawahi kukilalia kitanda hiki mkawajua kunguni wake? Chumba cha
wafadhili wangu kilikuwa hichohicho kimoja; ndicho cha malazi, mapokezi na ndicho jikoni. Sebule na
chumba cha malazi viligawanywa na shuka moja nyepesi. Usiku sisi watoto tulilala juu ya vigodoro
ambavyo ni kama viliwekwa mvungni mwa kitanda cha wazazi.
Nilianza kuchuna majanichai kwa malipo kidogo nikiwa katika darasa la tano. Wakati mwingine ningerauka
alfajiri na mapema kabla ya kwenda shuleni saa kumi na mbili asubuhi. Jioni nilipita huko huko. Nyakati
nyingi nililala humo humo katikati ya michai, wakati mwigine kwa marafiki wangu, kwa Bwana Tenge, na
juu ya uchaga mkubwa wa saruji uliotumiwa kama karo na wauza chakula sokoni. Hakuna hata mmoja

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 kati ya walimu wangu aliyejua mabadiliko haya hadi pale nilipounfanya mtihani wangu wa darasa la nane
na kufuzu vyema.

Maswali
a) Eleza kwa kutoa hoja tano, adha zinazomkumba msimulizi katika taarifa hii. (alama 5)
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b) “ Mzigo wa mwenzio ni kanda la usufi, ” Thibitisha kauli hii ukirejelea kifungu hiki. (alama 2)
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c) Taja methali moja inayodokezwa katika taarifa hii. (alama 1)

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d) Kwa kutoa hoja tatu, eleza kinaya katika kauli “…baada ya Uingereza kuikabdhi nchi hii uhuru.” (alama
3)
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e) Thibitisha kuwa msimulizi ni mkakamavu. (alama 2)

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f) Eleza maana ya msamiati ufuatao kama ulivyotumiwa katika kifungu. (alama 2)
i) Nilipiga moyo konde ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) kadhia ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….,………….

2. UFUPISHO ALAMA 15
Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali.
Chambilecho wahenga, mgaagaa na upwa hali mkavu.Walio na bidii katika jambo fulani mwishowe hufaulu
na kufurahia matunda ya bidii zao. Kufaulu huku kwao huwavutia watu wengi kwa sababu wanakuwa
kielelezo cha kuigwa na watu hao. Watu wengi waliofaulu katika maisha wana historia ya kufanya bidii
na kujitolea kwa udi na uvumba katika majukumu au masomo yao. Ben Carson ni mmoja kati ya watu
waliofaulu duniani na kuwa tabibu wa kutajika.Ben alizaliwa katika familia iliyokuwa na changamoto
kadhaa. Alipojiunga na shule, alikuwa na matatizo ya kufanya vizuri shuleni.Mara nyingi alikuwa wa
mwisho katika mijarabu shuleni. Hata hivyo Ben hakutamauka.Aliamua kutia bidii na kujizatiti katika
masomo yake.Baada ya muda,alikuwa bingwa katika masomo yake ambapo baadaye aliibuka kuwa
daktari maarufu sana duniani.
Akiwa mwanafunzi katika shule ya upili ya Kagumo, Daktari James Mwangi hakujua kuwa siku moja atakuja
kubadilisha maisha ya maelfu ya wanafunzi kutoka katika shule mbalimbali kote nchini kupitia mpango
maarufu wa 'Wings to Fly’ unaodhaminiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Benki ya Equity. Mradi huu wa mabilioni
ya pesa unahusu ufadhili wa wanafunzi werevu hasa kutoka katika familia zisizojiweza. Wanafunzi hawa
wamepata nafasi ya kuendeleza masomo yao hadi katika vyuo vikuu vya humu nchini na pia vya huko
ughaibuni. Baadhi ya vyuo hivi ni kama kile cha Harvard, Yale, MIT na vinginevyo maarufu kote duniani.
Wanafunzi hawa huweza kupata mafunzo katika taaluma mbalimbali kama vile Utabibu, Uhandisi,
Uchumi, Usanii na kadhalika.
Katika mwaka wa 2013, Benki hii ya Equity iliwafaidi takriban wanafunzi 5,000 kutoka katika kila eneo la
nchi hii tukufu. Wanafunzi hawa wanalipiwa karo yote kulingana na kiasi kinachohitajika kwa kiwango
cha shule husika.Hii ni kwa sababu kuna shule ambazo hutoza karo ya juu hasa zile za kitaifa
ikilinganishwa na shule zisizo za kitaifa. Fauka ya hayo, wanafunzi hawa hupewa masurufu
itakayowakimu wakati wote wa muhula watakapokuwa wakiendeleana masomo yao. Wanafunzi pia
hunufaika na nauli ya kwenda nyumbani mwishoni mwa mihula yao. Iwapo watahitajika kwenda
nyumbani wakati wa mapumziko ya katikati ya muhula, benki hii vilevile huwapa nauli.
Benki hii hufanya hivyo ili kuonyesha umuhimu wa wanafunzi kufanya bidii katika masomo yao. Bidii hii
inahitajika katika daraja zote za elimu, zikiwemo, shule za msingi na katika shule za upili. Wanafunzi
wengi werevu ambao wangepoteza nafasi zao za kuendelea na masomo yao wamenusuriwa na mpango
wa benki na kupata nuru ya maisha ya baadaye. Iwapo nchi hii ingekuwa na watu kumi walio na maono
kama ya Daktari James Mwangi basi nchi hii ingekuwa imepaa na kuambaa katika elimu na kunawiri
katika uchumi. Katika kitengo hiki, tuna msaada kutoka kwa Benki ya Ushirika na pia ile ya Family.
Wakfu wa Jomo Kenyatta Foundation ni mfano mwingine wa watu waliojitolea kuimarisha masomo ya
wanafunzi werevu kutoka katika familia zisizojiweza hasa katika shule za upili. Wao pia wamejizatiti
kuwalipia wanafunzi hao karo na kuwafadhili katika masomo yao kwa njia nyingine nyingi ili kuhakikisha
kuwa azma ya wanafunzi hawa inaafikiwa katika maisha ya baadaye.

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Mashirika mengine pia yamejitolea katika kuhakikisha kuwa wanafunzi wanapaa katika maisha yao kwa
kukuza masomo yao au talanta za watoto hao. Kampuni za maziwa kama vile Brookside, kampuni ya
Milo, watengenezaji soda wa Cocacola na wengine wengi pia wamejizatiti katika kuboresha maisha ya
wanafunzi. Kampuni hizi huchangia katika kudhamini michezo baina ya shule za upili kama vile ile ya
kitaifa kila mwaka. Michezo hii huhusisha soka, raga, mpira wa nyavu, riadha, magongo na kadhalika.
Mashirika haya hukusudia kuhimiza bidii katika kukuza vipawa kama vile michezo miongoni mwa
wanafunzi katika shule za upili. Vipawa hivi huhitaji bidii na ndiposa walio na bidii huvuna matunda ya
bidii yao na wao huweza kupaa na kuwanda katika maisha ya sasa na yale yajayo.
Ni matumaini yangu kuwa wanafunzi wengi watajizatiti katika masomo yao na pia katika kukuza michezo ili
waweze kupaa na kuwanda katika maisha ya hapo baadaye. Tunawahimiza wanafunzi wanaotoka katika
familia maskini kujiamini na kutia bidii katika masomo yao ili waweze kutambuliwa na mashirika kama
haya ili waweze kusaidiwa wawe watu watakaofanikiwa katika maisha yao ya usoni. Ili waweze kunawiri
na kupaa, basi bidii katika masomo yao na katika masuala mbalimbali ya maisha ni lazima izingatiwe kwa
kina.
Maswali
a) Fupisha aya nne za mwanzo bila kupotosha maana kusudiwa kwa maneno 80.(alama 7, utirirko 1)
Matayarisho
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Jibu
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b) Fupisha aya tatu za mwisho bila kubadili maana kusudiwa kwa maneno 60. (alama 6, utirirko 1)
Matayarisho
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Jibu
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3. MATUMIZI YA LUGHA ALAMA 40
a) Andika neno lenye muundo ufuatao wa sauti. (alama 1)
kitambaza+irabu ya mbele juu+nazali ya ufizi+kipasuo ghuna cha ufizi+irabu ya chini
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b) Onyesha miundo ya silabi katika neno; (alama 1)

machweo
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c) Tofautisha maneno haya kwa kutia shadda. (alama 2)

i) Ala (kifaa)
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ii) Ala! (mshangao)
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d) Tunga sentensi moja katika hali ya mazoea wakati uliopita. (alama 2)
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e) Andika kinyume cha sentensi ifuatayo: (alama 2)
Wanafunzi waliamka walipomsikia mwalimu akiingia darasani.
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f) Kanusha sentensi ifuatayo: (alama 2)
Chakula kilikuwa kimepikwa na mama.
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g) Tumia kiwakilishi cha pekee chenye dhana ya kusisitiza katika ngeli ya U-ZI. (alama 2)
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h) Andika katika wingi; (alama 2)

Ua wa shule yetu utakarabatiwa upya.
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i) Akifisha ili kuonyesha usemi halisi. (alama 2)
daudi tutafumukana baada ya ibada
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j) Tumia neno ‘salamu’ katika sentensi kama kitenzi. (alama 1)

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k) Ainisha yambwa na chagizo katika sentensi ifuatayo: (alama 3)

Mkulima alichimbiwa shamba lake kwa uma jana.
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l) Andika visawe vya maneno yaliyopigiwa mstari. (alama 3)

Rafiki yangu mvulana alilia kwa hasira.
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m) Changanua kwa njia ya jedwali. (alama 4)

Wahunzi waliokuwa kiwandani juzi walilipwa mishahara yao kwa hundi.
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n) Eleza matumizi ya ji katika sentensi ifuatayo; (alama 2)
Wachezaji wetu walijistarehesha uwanjani.
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o) Eleza maana mbili za sentensi ifuatayo; (alama 2)

Wazee wataenda kwao baada ya kazi za mchana kutwa.
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p) Tumia kitenzi –w- katika kauli ya kutendea katika sentensi. (alama 2)

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q) Bainisha viambishi katika fungutenzi; (alama 3)

waliofiwa
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r) Tunamwambia mtu makiwa anapofiwa, …………………………….. kuonyesha dharau

na…………………….kukubaliana na jambo. (alama 2)

s) Ainisha virai katika sentensi ifuatayo; (alama 2)

Vyovyote vizuri vitakubalika baada ya kununua gari jipya.
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4. ISIMUJAMII ALA 10
“…. Anakwenda, anaenda, anaenda ndiye huyooo…. Hatari kwenye lango la Masimba! Salaaaaale!
Amepiga miss kubwa ajabu… nyani naye yuko macho…!”
a) Tambua sajili ya muktadha huu. (alama 2)
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b) Fafanua sifa nane za sajili hii. (alama 8)

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HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO ULIOPIGWA CHAPA

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
PREMOCK SERIES 1
102/3

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 3 (FASIHI)
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………..

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI………………………..

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………….

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO KWA WATAHINIWA

• Andika jina lako, shule na nambari ya mtihani kisha utie sahihi katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
• Jibu maswali manne pekee.
• Swali la kwanza ni la lazima.
•Maswali hayo mengine matatu yachaguliwe kutoka sehemu nne zilizobaki yaani Tamthilia, Riwaya,
Hadithi Fupi na Fasihi Simulizi.
• Usijibu maswali mawili kutoka sehemu moja
• Majibu yote lazima yaandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili pekee

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE

Swali Upeo Alama
1 20
20
20
20
JUMLA 80

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SEHEMU YA A: USHAIRI (ALAMA 20)
LAZIMA
Na ujenge nyumba yako, jingi jasho likuoshe,
Ufyeke, upime na uweke nguzo,
Kisha paa uweke na ukandike,
Siku nyingi bila kuingiliwa na mgeni hutakaa.

Wataanza kutalii mpaka mende usiku,

Nje na ndani ya nyumba watazunguka,
Bila woga, bila ruhusa ulichonacho watakula,
Masalia yatakuwa yako, ijara ya kaziyo.

Na nyingi dawa uweke, nyumba nzima uihame,

Ukae nje nzima siku usubiri,
Wazima wamelala ukirudi usiku,
Vichwa vigumu hawafi mende rahisi.

Kifo cha mende sharti miguu juu

Kichwa ukikanyage kipasuke usikie,
Na kisha wengine usiku mchana uwasake.
Mpaka watakapokwisha. Usiseme nao.

Maswali
(i) Hili ni shairi la aina gani? (alama 1)
(ii) Eleza muundo wa shairi hili (alama 3)
iii) Eleza jinsi mshairi alivyoutumia uhuru wake katika utunzi wa shairi hili. (alama 4)
iv)Taja mbinu mbili za lugha alizotumia mshairi na uzitolee mifano. (alama 4)
v)Andika ubeti wa tatu kwa lugha nathari. (alama 4)
vi)Eleza ujumbe wa mshairi. (alama 2)
vii)Toa mfano mmoja wa mshororo mshata. (alama 1)
viii)Kichwa gani kinaliafiki shairi hili? (alama 1)

SEHEMU YA B:TAMTHILIA
BEMBEA YA MAISHA (TIMOTHY M. AREGE)
Jibu swali la 2 au 3
2.‘’ Lakini ndiyo tabia yenu wanawake.Miaka inaposonga kama hivi mnatuona kama...kama…kama vile
tambara bovu.’’
a. i)Yaweke maneno haya katika muktadha wake. (Alama 4 )
ii)Tambua mbinu mbili za kimtindo katika dondoo. (Alama 2)
b) Fafanua umuhimu wa msemaji katika kujenga ploti. (Alama 4)

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c) Utamanduni huthaminiwa sana na jamii ya tamthilia ya Bembea ya Maisha. Jadili ukweli wa kauli hii
kwa kutoa mifano kumi mwafaka tamthiliani. (alama 10)

3.Beni:Afadhali hao.Mjukuu wangu hatofautishi kondoo,mbuzi na mbwa.Wote hao kwake yeye ni

mbwa!(wanacheka wote)
Yona: Inachekesha.
Swali
Mazungumzo haya kati ya Beni na Yona yanabainisha tofauti iliopo kati ya suala la usasa na ukale. Kwa
kutoa mifano kumi inayoonyesha usasa na kumi inayoonyesha ukale,linganua masuala haya.(ala 20)

SEHEMU YA C: RIWAYA
NGUU ZA JADI:CLARA MOMANYI
Jibu swali la 4 au 5
4.“Naweza kuoa wakati wowote na idadi yoyote ya wanawake.”
(a)Weka dondoo hili katika muktadha wake. (alama 4)
(b)Tambua maudhui katika dondoo hili. (alama 4)
(c)Kwa kutoa mifano kumi na miwili mwafaka kutoka riwayani,onyesha jinsi maudhui uliyotambua hapo
juu(4b) yalivyoshughulikiwa na mwandishi. (alama 12)

5. Tamaa na ubinafsi ni baadhi ya masuala makuu yaliyoshughulikiwa kwa mapana na marefu na Clara
Momanyi katika riwaya yake ya Nguu za Jadi. Kwa kutoa mifano mwafaka riwayani thibitisha ukweli
wa kauli hii. (alama 20)

SEHEMU YA D :HADITHI FUPI

MAPAMBAZUKO YA MACHWEONA HADITHI NYINGINE
Jibu swali la 6 au 7
WINNIE NYARURI OGENCHE:SABINA
6.Maneno ya ripota huyo yalimwiingia Ombati maskioni yakasalia huko.Hayakufika akilini.Mwalimu mkuu
alipenya kwenye umati uliokuwa umeanza kuwa mkubwa na kumtaka Ombati awaelekeze alikokuwa
Sabina .Kabla ya Ombati kuwajibu,Sabina alifika nyumbani amevaa rinda kuukuu huku harufu ya
samadi inamvuka.Watu waliokuwa wakimngoja walimzoa juujuu na kuanza kuimba tena. Ombati
aliwafurusha wageni waliokuja kumwoa Sabina pamoja na mifugo wao.Baada ya kufanya
hivyo,alijiunga na Sabina kuhojiwa na kupigwa picha.Alijitanua jinsi alivyotunukiwa kumlea mwana
mwepesi masomoni.
a)Eleza umuhimu wa mhusika Sabina katika kukuza hadithi husika. (alama 6)
b)Kwa kutoa mifano mwafaka kutoka kifunguni,onyesha aina nne za taswira zilizojitokeza. (alama 4)
c)Fafanua changamoto zinazokabili jinsia ya kike kwa mujibu wa hadithi hii. (alam 10)

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YUSSUF SHOKA HAMAD: Mzimu wa Kipwerere
7.“…Kabla mwanamke yule hajakiwasha kile kibatari,nilijitokeza mle mvunguni na maguo yangu meupe
kama ya maiti nikaangua mwangwi mkali mfano wa parapanda ya siku ya kiama.”
(a)Yaweke maneno haya katika muktadha wake. (Alama 4)
(b)Fafanua umuhimu wa mandhari katika dondoo hili. (Alama 4)
(c)Fafanua mbinu za kimtindo katika dondoo hili. (Alama 2)
(d)Onyesha jinsi itikadi ilivyomwezesha mlinda mzimu na wahenga waliotukuka kuwafanya wanakijiji
kuogopa na kuamini mzimu wa Kipwerere kiasi cha kutofanya mzaha na maeneo yale ambayo mzimu
uliotea.. (ala 10)

SEHEMU YA E: FASI HI SIMULIZI

Swali la nane
8. a) Ulumbi ni nini? (alama 2)
ii) Ulumbi hutekeleza majukumu gani katika jamii?. ( alama 6)
iii) Eleza vipengele sita vya kuzingatia katika uchanganuzi wa hadithi. (alama 6)
b) Eleza namna ambavyo hadhira huhusishwa katika uwasilishaji wa fasihi simulizi. (alama 6)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
MATHEMATICS
121/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided at the top of this page.
2. This paper consists of two sections: Section I and Section II.
3. Answer all questions in section I and ONLY five questions in Section II.
4. Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces below each
question.
5. Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
6. KNEC Mathematical tables may be used.

For Examiner’s Use Only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Grand
Total

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 SECTION I (50 Marks)
Answer all the questions in this section
3
1. A man withdrew some money from a bank. He spent 10 of the money on his daughter’s school fees and
3
of the remainder on his son’s school fees. If he remained with Ksh 10 500, calculate the amount of
5
money he spent on son’s school fees. (3 marks)

2. Solve for 𝑥 (3 marks)

9(𝑥+1) + 3(2𝑥+1) = 108

3. The volume of two similar solid spheres are 4752 cm 3 and 1408 cm3. If the surface area of the smaller
sphere is 352 cm2, find the surface area of the larger sphere. (3 marks)

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4. The figure below represents a sketch of the cross – section of a solid ABCDEFGH and its edge CF.
Complete the sketch of the solid showing the hidden edges using dotted lines. (3 marks)

5. When a given length of a piece of wire is divided into pieces measuring 20 cm or 24 cm or 26 cm or 28

cm, a piece of wire 7cm always remained. Find the length of wire. (4 marks)

6. Solve the equation 6𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 6 = 0 using the completing the square method. (3 marks)

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7. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct a trapezium ABCD in which 𝐴𝐵 =
5 𝑐𝑚, 𝐴𝐷 = 6 𝑐𝑚, 𝐷𝐶 = 10 𝑐𝑚, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 105° and AB is parallel to DC. Draw a perpendicular from B
to DC hence measure the height of the trapezium. (4 marks)

−3 16
̃ = 2𝑝 – ¾ 𝑞 where 𝑝 = ( ) and 𝑞 = ( ) Find column vector 𝑎̃.
8. Given that 𝒂 (2 marks)
4 4

9. Two friends Ojwang and David live 40 km apart. One day Ojwang left his house at 9.00 a.m. and cycled
towards David’s house at an average speed of 15 km/h. David left his house at 10.30 a.m. on the same
day and cycled towards Ojwang’s house at an average speed of 25 km/h. Determine;
i. The time taken before the two friends met. (3 marks)

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ii. The time they met. (1 mark)

10. In the figure below, ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm and angle ABC = 108°.

Calculate the area of the parallelogram correct to 3 significant figures. (3 marks)

11. Without using mathematical tables or a calculator evaluate. (3 marks)

tan 30𝑜 tan 60𝑜
sin 60𝑜 cos 30°

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 4 5 −2 3
12. Given that 𝑀 = ( ) and 𝑁 = ( ), find 𝑀−1 𝑁 (3 marks)
2 3 1 −1

(𝑚+5𝑛)2+(𝑚−5𝑛)2
13. Simplify completely; (3 marks)
3𝑚2 +75𝑛2

14. Use logarithms to evaluate. (3 marks)

39.51 × 614
0.758

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15. Dr. June needs to import a car from Japan that costs US dollars (USD) 5 000 outside Kenya. He
intends to buy the car through an agent who deals in Japanese Yen (JPY). The agent charges a 20%
commission on the price of the car and a further 80 325 JPY for shipping the car to Kenya. Find the
amount in Kenya shillings that Dr. June will need to send to the agent to get the car given that 1 USD =
Ksh. 120 and 1USD = 135 JPY (3 marks)

16. In a right angled triangle, the two sides enclosing the right angle measure (3𝑥 − 2)cm and (𝑥 + 2)
cm. If the area of the triangle is 17.5 𝑐𝑚2 , find the length of these two sides. (3 marks)

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 SECTION II (50 Marks)
Answer any Five questions only in this section
17. The diagram below shows a frustum which represents a bucket with an open end diameter of 30
cm and bottom diameter 24 cm.

The bucket is 30cm deep. (Use 𝜋 = 3.142)

(a)Calculate the capacity of the tank in litres. (5 marks)

(b) The bucket is used to fill an empty cylindrical tank of diameter 1.4m and height 1.2m.
i. Calculate the capacity of the tank in litres. (3 marks)

ii. Determine the number of buckets that must be drawn in order to fill the tank. (2 marks)

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 18. Three islands P, Q, R and S are on an ocean such that island Q is 400Km on a bearing of 030° from
island P. Island R is 520 km and a bearing of 120° from island Q. A port S is sighted 750 km due South
of island Q.
a) Taking a scale of 1cm to represent 100Km, give a scale drawing showing the relative positions of
𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆. (4 marks)

b) Use the scale drawing to find the bearing of:

i. Island R from island P (1 mark)

ii. Port S from island R (1 mark)

c) Find the distance between island P and R (2 marks)

d) A warship T is such that it is equidistant from the islands P, S and R. by construction locate the position
of T. (2 marks)

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19. The vertices of a triangle ABC are A(1,1), B(4,1) and C(6,4)
a) On the grid below, draw the triangles.

i. ABC. (1 mark)

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ii. 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′, the image of triangle ABC under a negative quarter turn about the origin. (2 marks)

iii. 𝐴′′𝐵′′𝐶′′, the image of triangle 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′, under reflection in the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. (2 marks)

b) Triangle 𝐴′′′𝐵′′′𝐶′′′, with vertices 𝐴′′′(−1, −5) 𝐵′′′ (−4, −5)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶′′′(−6, −2), is the image of , triangle
𝐴′′𝐵′′𝐶′′, under a transformation T.

i. Draw the triangle 𝐴′′′𝐵′′′𝐶′′′, (1 mark)

ii. Describe fully the transformation T. (2 marks)

c) State any pair of triangles which are:

i. Directly congruent. (1 mark)

ii. Oppositely congruent. (1 mark)

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20. The figure below shows a triangle inside a circle. 𝐴𝐵 = 8 𝑐𝑚, 𝐵𝐶 = 10 𝑐𝑚 and
𝐴𝐶 = 13𝑐𝑚

Calculate
(a)The area of triangle ABC. (3 marks)

(b) Angle BAC (2 marks)

(c) The radius of the circle. (2 marks)

(d) Area of the shaded region. (3 marks)

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21. (a) Complete the table below for the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 9 for −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5 (2 marks)
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑦 9

(b) On the grid provided, draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 9 for −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5 (3 marks)

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(c) Use the graph in (b) above to find the roots of the following equations:
i. 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 9 = 0 (2 marks)

ii. 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = −5 (3 marks)

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22. A construction company makes concrete by mixing cement, sand and ballast such that the ratio of
cement to sand is 1:2 and that of sand to ballast is 3:4.
a) Determine:
i. The ratio of cement to ballast in the concrete. (2 marks)

ii. The number of bags of ballast required to make a concrete with 27 bags of sand. (2 marks)

b) The cost of a bag of cement, sand and ballast is Ksh 680, Ksh 136 and Ksh 102 respectively. Calculate
the cost of one bag of concrete. (2 marks)

c) The construction company requires to transport 30 tonnes of sand to a site using a tractor. The tractor
carries a maximum of 3 600 kg of sand and costs Ksh 8 000 per trip. Calculate the least amount of
money required to transport the sand to the site. (4 marks)

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23. A trader bought 8 cows and 12 goats for a total of Ksh 294,000. If he had bought 1 more cow and
3 more goats he would have spent Ksh 337,500
a) Form two equations to represent the above information. (2 marks)

b) Use matrix method to determine the cost of a cow and that of a goat. (4 marks)

c) The trader sold the animals he had bought making a profit of 40% per cow and 45% per goat. Calculate
the total amount of money he received. (2 marks)

d) Determine his profit in Kenya shillings. (2 marks)

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24. A straight line 𝑙1 has a gradient and passes through the point (−1, 3). Another line 𝑙2 passes
through the points 𝑄 (1, −3) and 𝑅 (4, 5) Find:
a) (i) The equation of 𝑙1 in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, where m and c are constants. (2 marks)

(ii) Hence find the y intercept of line 𝑙1 (1 mark)

b) (i) The gradient of 𝑙2 (1 mark)

(ii) The equation of 𝑙2 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and are integral values. (2 marks)

c) The equation of a line passing through a point (0, 5) and perpendicular to 𝑙2 . (3 marks)

d) Calculate the acute angle that 𝑙3 makes with the 𝑥-axis. (1 mark)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
MATHEMATICS
121/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided at the top of this page.
2. This paper consists of two sections: Section I and Section II.
3. Answer all questions in section I and any five questions in Section II.
4. Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces below each
question.
5. Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
6. KNEC Mathematical tables may be used.

For Examiner’s Use Only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Grand
Total

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 SECTION I (50 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
1. Without using mathematical tables or a calculator, evaluate:
1
2 log 5 − 2 log 16 + 2 log 40. (3 marks)

2. a) Expand and simplify the binomial expression (2 + 𝑥)5 upto the term in 𝑥 3 . (2 marks)

b) Use your expression to estimate the value of (𝟏. 𝟗𝟕)𝟓 (2 marks)

3. Find the interest on Ksh. 200,000 for 2 years at 14% per annum compounded semi-annually. (3 marks)

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4. At point A, Grace observed the top of a flag post at an angle of 30°. After walking 25 m towards the
foot of the flag post, she stopped at point B where she observed it again at angle of 60°. Find the
height of the flag post. (3 marks)

√5
5. Simplify (2 marks)
√7−√2

6. (a) Find the range of values of which satisfies the following inequalities simultaneously (3 marks)
4𝑥 − 9 ≤ 𝑥 + 6
4 + 𝑥 ≥ 8 − 3𝑥

(b) Represent the range of values of in (a) above on a number line. (1 mark)

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 1
7. Make t the subject of the formula; 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 (3 marks)

8. A trader mixes 350 kg of beans type A costing Sh. 84 per Kg with 140 kg of beans type B costing Sh. 105
per Kg. Calculate the selling price per kg of the mixture if the trader makes a profit of 25% (3 marks)

9. The figure below is a graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 for −1.5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.5.

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Use the graph to find the gradient at:
(i) 𝑥 = 1.5 (2 marks)

(ii)𝑥 = −0.8 (2 marks)

10. Given the function 𝑦 = 2 cos(𝑥 + 30°) for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 540°, state:

i. The period (1 mark)

ii. The phase angle (1 mark)

11. Determine the interquartile range for the following set of numbers (2 marks)
10,15,14,17,12,13

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12. The diagram below represents a cuboid PQRSTUVW in which UV = 4.5cm, VW = 8cm and WR = 6cm

S
R

6cm
P
Q T
W

8cm
U 4.5cm V

Calculate the size of the angle between the lines UR and UW (3 marks)

13. Given that 𝒓 = 𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 − 𝒌, 𝒔 = 𝟒𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌, 𝒕 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒌 and O is the origin, determine the

coordinates of P if 𝑶𝑷 = 𝒓 − 𝟑𝒔 + 𝒕. (3 marks)

14. Bag contains 14 beads of which 𝑥 are red and the remainder blue .When 4 Red beads are removed
2
,the probability of selecting a red bead is 5 .Find the value of 𝑥 (3 marks)

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15. Calculate the area of the unshaded region given that AC is an arc of a circle centre B. Given that AB
= BC = 14cm, CD = 8cm and angle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 75° (3 marks)

𝐴+𝐵
16. If 𝐴 = 2.3, 𝐵 = 8.7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = 2.2, find the percentage error in (4 marks)
𝐶

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 SECTION B (50 Marks)
17. The mass, m, grams of a cylinder varies jointly as the square of its radius, r, and its height, h.
a) Find the percentage change in the mass if the radius is tripled and the height is halved. (3 marks)

b) Given that 𝑚 = 990𝑔 when 𝑟 = 3𝑐𝑚 and ℎ = 7𝑐𝑚;

i. Find the equation connecting m, r and h. (3 marks)

ii. Calculate the value of m when r =3.5cm and h =5cm. (2 marks)

22
c) Taking 𝜋 = calculate the density of the cylinder (2 marks)
7

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18. The table below shows the distribution of marks scored by 60 students in a test.
Marks 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90
Frequency 2 5 6 10 14 11 9 3
a) On the grid provided draw a cumulative frequency curve of the data. (3 marks)
(Take 1cm to represent 5 students on the vertical scale and 1 cm to represent 10 marks on the horizontal
scale).

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b) From the curve in (a) above
i. Estimate the median mark (1 mark)

ii. Determine the quartile deviation. (2 marks)

iii. Determine the 10th and 90th percentile range. (2 marks)

c) It is given that students who score over 45 marks pass the test. Use your graph in (a) above to estimate
the percentage of students that pass. (2 marks)

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19. Seats in the theatre area arranged in rows. The number of seats in this theatre form the terms of
an arithmetic series.

The sixth row has 23 seats and the fifteenth row has 50 seats. The theatre has 20 rows in total. Find:
i. The number of seats in the first row. (4 marks)

ii. The number of seats in the eleventh row. (2 marks)

iii. The number of seats in this theatre. (4 marks)

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20. The figure below represent a model of a solid structure in the shape of a frustum of a cone with a
hemispherical top. The diameter of the hemispherical part is 70cm and is equal to the diameter of the
top of the frustum. The frustum has a base diameter of 30 cm and slant height of 60 cm (use 𝜋 =
3.142)

Calculate
a) The area of the hemispherical surface. (2 marks)

b) The slant height of cone from which the frustum was cut. (2 marks)

c) The surface area of the frustum. (2 marks)

d) The area of the base (2 marks)

e) The total surface area of the model. (2 marks)

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21. The table below shows income tax rates in a certain year.
Taxable Income (Ksh per month) Tax Rate (%)
0 – 13 450 10
13 451 – 26 350 15
26 351 – 39 250 20
39 251 – 52 150 25
52 151 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 30
In that year, the monthly earnings for Amilo were as follows: basic salary Ksh 35 500, House allowance
Ksh 12 600 and other allowances that amount to Ksh. 5 872 were exempted from taxation. Amilo
contributes 12.5% of her basic salary to a pension scheme. She is entitled to a personal tax relief of Ksh
1 845 per month. Calculate:
(a) Amilo’s taxable income in Ksh per month. (2 marks)

(b) Amilo’s P.A.Y.E that month. (5 marks)

(c)Amilo’s net pay that month, given that the following are deducted monthly from her salary; (3 marks)
NHIF – Ksh 1000,
Union dues – Kshs 455
BBF – Ksh 200.

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22. Machine K makes 45% of the biscuits. Machine J makes 30% of the biscuits. The rest of the biscuits
are made by machine L. It is known that 2% of the biscuits made by machine J are broken, 3% of the
biscuits made by machine K are broken and 5% of the biscuits made by machine L are broken. A biscuit
is selected at random.
a. Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible outcomes and associated probabilities. (2 marks)

b. Using the tree diagram, calculate the probability that the biscuit is:
i. Made by machine J and is not broken. (3 marks)

ii. Broken. (3 marks)

iii. Broken but not made by machine K. (2 marks)

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23. The diagram below shows a circle center O. BF is a tangent to the circle at B. Angle 𝐷𝐴𝐶 = 200
and angle FBD = 500

Giving reasons in each case, find;

a) Angle AEC (2 marks)

b) Angle CAB (2 marks)

c) Angle ADB (2 marks)

d) Angle BCD (2 marks)

e) Angle AOB (reflex) (2 marks)

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24. The figure below shows two circles centres A and B and radii 6 cm and 8 cm respectively. The
circles intersect at P and Q. Angle PAB = 420 and angle ABQ = 300.
P

6cm 8cm

42º
A B
30º

(a)Find the size of angle PAQ and angle PBQ. (2 marks)

(b) Calculate, to one decimal place the area of:

i. Sector APQ and PBQ. (2 marks)

ii. Triangle APQ and PBQ. (2 marks)

22
iii. The shaded area (Take 𝜋 = ) (4 marks)
7

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
COMPUTER STUDIES
451/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
 This paper consists of two sections A and B.
 Answer ALLquestions in section A.
 Answer question 16 and any other THREE questions from section B.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Section Questions Candidates Score
A 1-15
16
17
18
19
B 20
TOTAL SCORE

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 SECTION A (40 marks)
Answer all questions in this section
1. Differentiate between Bcc and cc in an email. (2mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

2. State three risks posed by improper cabling in a computer laboratory. (3 marks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

3. The management of an organization wanted to buy a printer. State three factors they would consider
when buying. (3mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

4. State two technological differences between second generation and forth generation computers.
(2mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

5. Differentiate between line spacing and character spacing. (2mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

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6. State three ways increase in internet use has improved learning. (2mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

7. Give two transcription errors encountered during data processing (2mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

8. State the function of the following features in a word processor. (3mks)

a. Thesaurus
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
b. Word wrap
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
c. Proofreading
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

9. State three measures that should be put in place to protect the computer lab user. (3mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

10. Identify the most appropriate output device in the following situations
a. Visually impaired user (1mk)
..............................................................................................................................
b. Receipts where carbon copies are required (1mk)
..............................................................................................................................

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c. Display information for 50 users (1mk)
..............................................................................................................................

11.
a. State the meaning of disk partitioning (1mk)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

b. State two reasons for partitioning a disk (2mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

c. Name other two disk management operations using the operating system. (1mk)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

12. Distinguish between a formula and function as used in spreadsheets (2mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

13. Give three special purpose memories in the computer (3mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

14. State two advantages of standard software over in house developed software. (2mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

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15.
a. Define the term file as used in data processing (1mk)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
b. State four types computer processing files. (2mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..

SECTION B (60MARKS)
Answer question 16 (compulsory) and any other three questions from this section
16.
a. Describe the REPEAT…UNTIL control structure using a pseudo code segment. (4mks)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

b. Give two ways of testing a program for errors. (2mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

c. Name four examples of third generation programming languages. (2mks)

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

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..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

d. Study the pseudo code below and answer the questions that follow.
Start
Input value N and Value M
IF Value N > Value M THEN
SUM = Value M+ 25
ELSE
SUM = Value N - 30
ENDIF
Print SUM
Stop.
Draw a flowchart for the pseudo code above (8mks)

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17.
a. Give two roles of a network administrator (2mks)
b. A school wishes to setup a network using wireless technology to link its computers. State three
benefits the school is likely to benefit when using this technology. (3mks)
c. Describe the following network topologies.
i.Ring topology (2mks)
ii.Star topology (2mks)
d. State and explain two data communication devices. (4mks)
e. Give two ways computers can be used in industrial automation. (2mks)
18.
a. Define the term information system (2mks)
b. Give two uses of an information system. (2mks)
c. State the stage at which the following happens during system development (5mks)
i.Staff training is done
ii.System flowchart is drawn
iii.Feasibility studies is undertaken
iv.User manual is written
v.Interviews are done
d. Describe the following data processing modes (6mks)
i.Multiprogramming processing
ii.Batch processing
iii.Distributed processing

19.
a. Explain three features of a graphical user interface as used in computers. (6mks)
b. Write each of the following abbreviations in full (2mks)
i.BCD
ii.ASCII
c. Differentiate between octal number system and binary number system
(2mks)
d. Using twos complement perform the following decimal operation leaving your answer in decimal
notation. (5mks)
2410 - 1310
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 20.
a. Name four objects of a database. (2mks)
b. List two properties of a primary key (2mks)
c. Describe the following terms as used in electronic spreadsheets (4mks)
i.Automatic recalculation
ii.Labels
d. The following is a list of students of mashina school and the marks they scored in various subjects:
A B C D E
1 NAME BIOLOGY COMPUTER KISWAHILI MATH
2 Mary 56 76 80 45
3 Brian 77 90 78 84
4 Lillian 66 56 70 81
5 Susan 56 78 90 72
6 Troy 57 77 85 69
i.Write a formula to calculate the total marks for LILLIAN (2mks)
ii.Write an expression to find the highest score for TROY (2mks)
iii.Write the formula that would be used to count the number of students who scored above 60 marks in
COMPUTER. (3mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
COMPUTER STUDIES
451/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Indicate your name and index number at the top right hand corner of each printout
b) Write your name and index number on the CD/Removable storage media provided
c) Write the name and version of software used for each question attempted in the answer
sheet provided
d) Answer all questions
e) All questions carry equal marks
f) Passwords should not be used while saving in the CD/Removable storage medium
g) All answers must be saved in the CD/Removable storage medium
h) Make printout of the answers on the answer sheet
i) Arrange your printout and ties/staple them together
j) Hand in all printouts and the CD/Removable storage medium used
k) This paper consists of fourprinted pages
l) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no question is missing
m) Candidates should answer the questions in English
n) ALL Data for currency data type should be formatted to Kenya Shillings
o) All the system Date and Time should be set to correct Kenya time and Date settings

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 Question 1
a. Create a new workbook using spreadsheets and name it as PREMOCK EXAM. (1mk)
Name class Adm Exam Exam Exam Total Average Class Remark
No 1 2 3 Position
Mwinyi J X 3454 80 70 56
Ken Mwai V 3467 90 34 69
Mitei K V 3477 76 43 67
Mark T V 3456 87 64 90
Leonard H X 3489 78 76 63
Koech Ben X 3478 67 87 88
Buya W V 3459 90 67 87
Mary M X 3434 67 56 79
James S V 3451 80 80 96
Bett Q V 3411 76 89 54

b. Enter the following data in sheet 1. (15mks)

c. Rename the sheet as premock results. (1mk)
d. Using a formula, find:
i. Total (1mk)
ii. Average (1mk)
e. Use the subtotals function the average of each class. (4mks)
f. Use the IF function to award remarks as follows: (4mks)
 A student whose average is above or equal 65 “EXCELLENT”
 Average of 55 and above but less than 65 “AVERAGE”
 Average less than 55 “BELOW AVERAGE”
g. Award position to students based on the average score. (3mks)
h. On the last rows, enter the formulas to count the number of students from both classes. (2mks)
i. Sort the student list by class position in ascending order. (2mks)
j. Copy the entire worksheet onto sheet 2 and rename is “lower group” (2mks)
k. Filter “lower group” sheet to display students from “V” class and whose average score is below 55.
(6mks)
l. Draw a bar graph to display the following information: (3mks)

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 The three exams
 Names
 Title as “PREMOCK RESULTS 2024”
m. Place the legend at the bottom of the graph. (1mk)
n. Save the chart on a new sheet and name it “GRAPHICAL ANALYIS”. (1mk)
o. Print
 The filtered lower group. (1mk)
 The chart (1mk)
 Premock results (1mk)

Question 2
a. The following data was extracted from Readers Bookshop. Use the data to create a database called
WINNERS. (1mk)
Book_Table
Book no BName Supplier Id Price
B_01 Mathematics 1 450
B_02 Science 1 347
B_03 Literature 2 250
B_04 Newspaper 3 60

Supplier_Table
Supplier Id BName
1 KLB Publishers
2 Longhorn
3 Nation media

Clients_Table
Client No CName Location
01 Greats Academy Nairobi
02 Soars High Malindi
03 Winners Academy Mombasa
04 Masomo School Lari

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Sales_Table
Client No Book no Quantity Date ordered
01 B_01 340 2/4/2020
04 B_03 543 4/4/2020
04 B_04 57 4/4/2020
03 B_01 123 10/5/2020
01 B_02 453 11/4/2020
01 B_03 201 11/4/2020
01 B_03 211 11/4/2020
04 B_01 341 13/4/2020
02 B_03 122 13/4/2020
b. Create the tables shown above. (17mks)
c. Create forms for the four tables and name them BOOKS, SUPPLIERS, CLIENTS and SALES respectively.
(2mks)
d. Using the forms created above enter the above data in their respective tables. (10mks)
e. Create a query named KLB that will be used to display the books supplied the books supplied by KLB
publishers. The query should display the book no, name, supplier na me and price. (3mks)
f. Create a query that will display books ordered Greats Academy exceeding 300 copies. The query
should display Name, Book no, Quantity, date ordered and amount paid. (4mks)
g. Create a report to the amount the bookshop would be paid for each sale. (4mks)
h. Create a columnar report summarizing the amount of money READERS BOOKSHOP should get from
each client. The report should show Client no, CName, BName, Price and total per book. Format the
page to landscape orientation. (5mks)
i. Title the above report as READERS APRIL SALES and save it as APRIL. (2mks)
j. Print APRIL report, Books_Table, KLB query and supplier form. (2mks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
HOME SCIENCE
441/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS
- This paper contains 3 sections: A, B and C

- Answer all questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTIONS QUESTION MAX. SCORE ACTUAL SCORE

A 1 – 19 40 MARKS

B 20 20 MARKS

C 21 – 23 40 MARKS

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 SECTION A
(ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACE PROVIDED) 40 MKS
1) Mention any 2 decorative stitches. (2mks)
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2) Name any 4 textile fibres of the plant origin. (2mks)

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3) Give the 3 methods of frying food. (3mks)

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4) Define food hygiene. (2mks)

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5) Suggest any 3 reasons for drying white cotton clothes in direct sunlight. (3mks)
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6) Mention any 4 common types of soap in the market today. (2mks)

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7) Mention any 2 types fo patches used in repair of clothes. (2mks)
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8) State any 2 functions of cholecaleiferol in the body. (2mks)

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9) What is a sedetary lifestyle? (1mk)

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10) Give any 4 body measurements required for making a pair of trousers. (2mks)
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11) Give any 2 methods of serving meals at home. (3mks)

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12) Mention any 2 reasons for decorating food. (2mks)

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13) Give any 3 ways of achieving safe parenthood. (3mks)

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14) Mention any 4 areas in a garment where interfacings are used. (2mks)
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15) Give any 2 uses of air conditioners in a house. (2mks)

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16) Give any 3 uses of fuel at home. (3mks)

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17) Mention any 2 examples of lighting fixtures. (2mks)

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18) State any 2 reasons why smocking is used in garment construction. (2mks)
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SECTION B (COMPULSORY QUESTION) (20 MARKS)

19. You are requested to take care of the house while your parents are away attending a seminar. Give
the procudure of how you would thorough clean:-
a) A fast coloured cotton table cloth (10mks)
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b) Daily cleaning of a hurricane lamp. (5mks)

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c) Explain how your would wash a plasstic plate. (5mks)

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SECTION C (ANSWER ANY 2 QUESTIONS)

20. a) State and explain any 5 points to consider when choosing furniture. (5mks)
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b) State and explain any 5 problems related to breastfeeding. (5mks)

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c) Mention any 5 substances added to soaps and soapless detergents during manufacture and give a
reason why each is added. (5mks)
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d) State and explain any 5 important points to note when working stitches. (5mks)
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21. a) State and explain any 5 reasons for appropriate lighting in a house. (5mks)
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b) State and explain 5 factors that influence the choice of a method of controlling fullness. (5mks)
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c) State and explain the 5 points to observe when using a disinfectant. (5mks)
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..............................................................................................................................
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d) State and explain any 5 factors that the choice of a cooking method depends on. (5mks)
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22. a) State and explain any 5 reasons for caring for the sick at home. (5mks)
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b) State and explain any 5 factors that influence consumer buying. (5mks)
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c) Give 5 qualities of a well made seam. (5mks)

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d) Mention any 5 safety precautions and rules when handling kitchen equipment. (5mks)
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..............................................................................................................................
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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
HOME SCIENCE
441/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

CONFIDENTIAL
HOMESCIENCE 441/2 (PRACTICAL)
CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION
Materials to be provided
1. Plain light weight fabric 60cm long by 90cm
2. Sewing thread to match

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
HOME SCIENCE
441/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

441/2
HOME SCIENCE
(CLOTHING AND CONSTRUCTION)
PAPER 2
PRACTICAL
TIME: 2 ½ HOURS.
Practical.
Instructions to candidates.
This paper consists of 3 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed and no
questions are missing.

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CHILD'S BLOUSE
A pattern of a child‘s blouse is provided. You are advised to study the sketches, Instructions and layout
carefully before you begin the test.

MATERIALS PROVIDED
1. Pattern pieces
A. Blouse front
B. Blouse back
C. Sleeve
D. Sleeve band
E. Front neck facing
F. Back neck facing
2. 2 Plain light weight cotton fabric 60 cm long by 91 cm wide.
3 Sewing thread to match.
4 One large envelope.

THE TEST
Using the materials provided, cut out and make the RIGHT HALF of the child‘s blouse to show the
following processes:
(a) Making of the double pointed dart.
(b) Making of the shoulder seam using an open scam.
(c) Making of the side seam using a French seam
(d) Preparation of the sleeve to include: (i) French seam (ii) hemming the band half way.
(e) Attaching of the sleeve. Do not neaten the seam.
(l) Joining the front and back facing.
(g) Attaching the facing to finish the neckline and neatening the free edge.
At the end of the examination. firmly sew onto your work, on a single fabric, a label hearing your name
and index number. Remove the needle. Pins and loose threads from your work. Fold your work neatly
and place it in the envelope provided. D0 not put scraps of fabric in the envelope.

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THE LAYOUT (not drawn to scale)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
HOME SCIENCE
441/3
PAPER 3
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

FOOD AND NUTRITION (HOME SCIENCE)

PRACTICAL
TIME 1¾ HRS
Planning session 30 min
Practical session 1¼ hrs

INTRODUCTION TO CANDIDATES
G. Read the test carefully
H. Write your name and Admission No in every sheet of paper used.
I. Text books and Recipes may be used during the planning session as reference materials
J. You will be expected to keep to your order of work during the practical session.
K. You are only allowed to take away your reference materials at the end of the planning session.
L. You are not allowed to bring additional notes to the practical session

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THE TEST
You have been left at home to take care of your teenage Brother, using the ingredients listed below
prepare , cook and serve a two course meal for him and yourself.
Rice/ potatoes/maize flour
Green leafy vegetables
Carrots
Dhania/Hoho
Onions
Tomatoes
Salt
Oil
Beef/Green peas

Planning session - 30 min

Practical session - 1¼ hrs
Use separate sheets of paper for each task listed below and a carbon paper to make duplicate copies.

Proceed as follows:
1. 1dentify the dishes
2. Write down your order of work.
3. Make a list of food stuffs and equipment you will require.

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
314/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name; admission number; Index number; class and date in the spaces provided
above.
b) This paper consists of six questions.
c) Answer any FIVE questions in the answer sheet provided
d) Each Question carries 20 marks

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Questions GRAND
1 2 3 4 5 6
No. TOTAL

Marks

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 Answer Any Five Questions In This Paper.
1.a) State the significance of Ayatul kursy. (7 marks)
b)Explain reasons why the Quran was not compiled during the time of the prophet. (8 marks)
c) Give five reasons why the Quran was revealed in Arabic and in Arabia. (5 marks)

2. a)Highlight the teachings of Suratul Asr. (10 marks)

b) Give five differences between tafseer and translation of the Quran. (10marks)

3 a) Discuss reasons why the prophet discouraged writing of Hadith during his time. (8 marks)
b) Describe factors that made the study and collection of Hadith successful. (7marks)
c) Identify the subject matter of Hadith Qudsy. (5 marks)

4 a) Explain the types of fasting. (5 marks)

b)Mention the circumstances that make Ghusl compulsory. (7 marks)
c) Identify people on whom Friday prayer is not compulsory. (8 marks)

5 a) Which are the things forbidden while in the state of Ihram. (6 marks)
b)Outline the functions of the chief Qadhi in Kenya. (8 marks)
c)State the reasons for asking Tawbah. (6 marks)

6 a) Outline the different interpretations of Imamah. (8 marks)

b)Highlight the characteristics of prophets. (5 marks)
c)Discuss the significance of Tawheed. (10 marks)

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 KCSE 2025 NATIONAL SCHOOLS
SERIES 1 PREMOCK
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
314/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN…………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name; admission number; Index number; class and date in the spaces provided
above.
b) This paper consists of six questions.
c) Answer any FIVE questions in the answer sheet provided
d) Each Question carries 20 marks

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Questions GRAND
1 2 3 4 5 6
No. TOTAL

Marks

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 Answer Any Five Questions In This Paper.
1 a) Explain circumstances under which Islam can allow abortion. (10marks)
b) Describe the ideal dress of a muslim woman. (10marks)

2 a) Discuss the stand of muslims on slavery. (8marks)

b) How can a strong muslim family contribute to the development.
of a community. (6marks)
c) Highlight possible reasons whereby a wife can ask for a Fasikh divorce. (6marks)

3 a) What are the possible remedies for corruption? (8 marks)

b) Give reasons why hoarding is prohibited in Islam. (6 marks)
c) State the conditions for Wasiyyah. (6 marks)

4 a) Discuss the importance of the two covenant of Aqabah. (10 marks)

b) What are the results of the treaty of Hudaibiyyah. (10 marks)

5 a) Discuss lessons a muslim leader can learn from Abu Bakr’s speech when he was
elected a Caliph. (10 marks)
b) Outline the moral qualities of the prophet (p.b.u.h) which muslims should strive
to uphold. (10 marks)

6 a) Discuss the contributions Ibn Sina made towards philosophy. (10 marks)
b) What were the views of Ibn Khaldun on writing History? (10 marks)

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 THE END
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