VIHIGA COUNTY HISTORY ASSOCIATION

PAPER ONE MARKING SCHEME

FORM 4 PRE-MOCK

SECTION A 25 MARKS
Answer ALL the questions from this section
1. Identify the main source of Kenyan history in the pre-colonial period
i. Oral tradition any 1 X 1 = 1mk
2. Identify two ways in which Kenyan communities interacted during the pre-colonial period
i. Wars
ii. Intermarriages
iii. Trade
iv. Sport and games
Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
3. Point out one religious function of Orkoiyot among the Nandi
i. Presided over religious functions
ii. Blessed warriors before war
iii. Foretold the future
iv. Was a chief medicine man
v. Was a rainmaker
Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
4. State one economic contribution of Sayyid Said during the pre-colonial period in Kenya
i. Development of plantation agriculture
ii. Development of the long distance trade
iii. Encouraged the coming of Indian Banyans who introduced currency at the coast
Any 1 x 1 =1mk
5. Name the document that contains the rights of children in Kenya
i. The constitution
Any 1 x 1 =1mk
6. Mention one economic factor that promotes national unity in Kenya
i. Trade
ii. Common currency
iii. Employment
Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
7. Name the type of constitution used in Kenya
i. Written constitution
Any 1 x 1 =1mk
8. State two houses of parliament created by the independent constitution of kenya
i. Senate/upper house
ii. House of representative/lower house
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
9. State two methods used by the british to administer kenya during the colonial period
i. Direct rule
ii. Indirect rule
Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
10. State two communities in kenya that exhibited mixed reaction to the british rule
@VICHA FORM FOUR 2024
 i. Luo
ii. Agikuyu
iii. Akamba
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
11. Give two roles of governor of colony during the colonial period
i. Represented the british government
ii. Head of the colony
iii. Arbitrated cases within colony
iv. Supervised the provincial administrators
v. Gave assents to bills before they become laws
vi. Appointed colonial administrators
vii. Ensured colonial policies were implemented
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
12. Mention two groups that offered education in kenya during colonial period
i. Christian missionaries
ii. Colonial government
iii. Asians community based organization
iv. Africans
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
13. Identify two methods used by the british in kenya to acquire labour from Africans
i. Kipande system
ii. Taxation on Africans
iii. Restriction on Africans movements
iv. Alienating Africans from their lands
v. Forced recruitment
vi. Low wages on Africans
Any 2 x 1 2mks
14. Name two African nationalist parties whose leaders attended the second Lancaster house confrerence
i. Kenya African National Union (KANU)
ii. Kenya African Development Union (KADU)
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
15. Give the main contribution of Thomas Joseph Mboya in the history of kenya
i. He formed the trade union movement in kenya
Any 1 x 1 =1mk
16. State the main function of correctional services in kenya
i. To rehabilitate and correct the offenders
Any 1 x 1 =1mk
17. Name one county in the coast region
i. Mombasa
ii. Kilifi
iii. Kwale
iv. Tana river
v. Taita Taveta
Any 1 x 1=1mk

@VICHA FORM FOUR 2024

 SECTION B 45 MARKS
Answer any three questions from this section
18. a) Mention five Eastern Cushitic communities who migrated into Kenya during the pre-colonial period
i. Borana
ii. Rendile
iii. Oromo/Galla
iv. Somali
v. Gabra
vi. Burji
vii. Elmollo
Any 5 x 1 =5mks

b) Describe the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period

i. They believed in a supreme God called Enkai

ii. There existed other lesser gods in the community
iii. They practiced initiation of boys carried out during adolescence period
iv. They lived in their own manyattas
v. The initiated young men remained warriors before they become elders in a ceremony called
Eunoto
vi. They had social ceremonies e.g Birth, Circumcision and Death
vii. The maasai were organized into clans
viii. They had religious leaders e.g Diviners and medicine men
ix. They practiced polygamous marriage, where one was allowed to have many women
x. Work among the Maasai was divided according to gender/There was division of labour
xi. They believed in the existence of ancestral spirits
Any 5 x 2 =10mks
19. a) State three factors which made it easier for the Arabs to sail from Oman to the East African Coast
i. Existence of the monsoon winds
ii. Marine technology e.g Boat making
iii. Deep and natural harbors
iv. Knowledge in compass and map reading technique
v. Peace and stability at the coast/The coastal people were hospitable
vi. Enterprising merchants who financed the trade voyage across the sea
vii. Suitable climate at the coast/fertile soil that enticed the visitors
Any 3 x 1 =3mks
th
b) Discus six results of the long distance trade in Kenya during the 19 century
i. The trade increased contact among the people in the interior of Kenya
ii. There was introduction of new items of trade at the coast e.g guns
iii. It opened up the interior of Kenya leading to more exploration
iv. It led to the emergence of powerful chiefs and kingdoms in the region e.g wanga kingdom
v. There was the spread of Islam to the interior of Kenya
vi. The trade led to the decline of indigenous/traditional industries as many preferred foreign goods
vii. It promoted slavery and slave trade in Kenya
viii. It led to urbanization / growth of towns e.g Mombasa

@VICHA FORM FOUR 2024

 ix. It led to increased volume of both local and regional trade
x. Emergence of a class of wealthy/Africans/merchants who acquired/amassed a lot of wealth
xi. It led to development of plantation agriculture e.g in Malindi and Mombasa
xii. Led to development of money economy that replaced the barter trade
xiii. Led to development of trade routes and markets centers in the interior
Any 6 x 2 =12mks
20. a) Identify three methods used by the British to establish their colonial rule in kenya
i. Signing of treaties
ii. Military force
iii. Collaboration
iv. Use of missionaries
v. Establishment of operation base/Administrative posts
vi. Treachery/Luring of chiefs
vii. Company rule
Any 3 x 1 =3mks
b) Explain six problems experienced by the Imperial British East African Company
i. Poor transport and Communication network which made movement of goods slow
ii. Resisting African groups which posed a great challenge to the company to administer the area
iii. Some company officials were corrupt and concentrated on their personal gain at the expense of
the colony
iv. Inadequate funds/capital to carry out their administration work
v. The company officials were few as compared to the vast territory
vi. The unfavorable climatic condition/tropical diseases claimed the lives of company officials
vii. The company officials lacked the experience which was necessary for administration
viii. Scarcity of minerals/natural resources and profitable export commodities which made it difficult
for the company to generate wealth
ix. Poor coordination between the company headquarter in Britain and the officials in Kenya causing
delays
x. Competition from the German East African Company
Any 6 x 2 =12mks
21. a) Identify three challenges that independent churches in Kenya faced during colonial period
i. Harassment from the colonial government
ii. Closure of the churches by colonial authority during state of emergency
iii. Shortage of funds to implement their programmers
iv. Wrangles between the leaders of the church
v. Competition from rival missionary churches
vi. Shortage of manpower to manage activities e.g catechists
Any 3 x 1 =3mks
b) Discus the roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya
i. They care for the children and families of the fighters providing satisfaction and morale to the
fighters
ii. They provide protection and food to militant independent groups
iii. They participated in anti-colonial demonstrations
iv. They acted as conveyers of arms and intelligence on military formation to freedom fighters
v. They played roles in conferences, meetings discussing the granting of independence/attendending
the Lancaster house conferences
@VICHA FORM FOUR 2024
 vi. They kept homes and families intact as their husbands went to war/served jail terms
vii. They formed maendeleo ya wanawake which worked on the framework that supported
independence
viii. Some of the women played an active leading role in the struggle for independence e.g Mekatilili
wa Menza
Any 6 x 2
=12mks
SECTION C 30 MARKS
Answer any two questions from this section
22. a) Identify three categories of special groups of people whose rights are enshrined in the constitution of Kenya
i. Children
ii. Youths
iii. Arrested persons
iv. Persons with disabilities
v. Older members of the society
vi. Minorities and marginalized groups
vii. Persons detained/Held in custody/Imprisoned
Any 3 x 1 =3mks
b) Explain six rights of an arrested person in a court of law in Kenya
i. To be presumed innocent until proven guilty
ii. To be informed of the charges
iii. To have adequate time and facilities to prepare defense
iv. To be represented by an advocate and be informed of this right immediately
v. To remain silent and not to testify during the proceedings
vi. To be informed in advance of the evidence the prosecution intends to present
vii. To change evidence
viii. To have the assistance of an interpreter if the accused cannot understand the language used in the
trial
ix. To appeal/ apply for review by a higher court
Any 6 x 2 =12mks
23. a) Give five reasons why elections are held in Kenya after five years
i. It is a constitutional requirement that elections be held every five years
ii. It gives the people of Kenya a chance to pick a leader of their choice
iii. To keep leaders on toes
iv. To give citizens a chance to exercise their democratic rights
v. It helps to generate new ideas by offering alternative ways of running the government through
different political parties
Any 5 x 1 =5mks

b) Explain five functions of the president of Kenya

i. Addresses the opening of each newly elected members of parliament
ii. Chairs the cabinet meetings
iii. Appoints/dismisses cabinet secretaries, Attorney general and other senior state officers
iv. Declares war and state of emergency with approval of the parliament
v. Confers honors in the name of people and the republic
vi. Represents the country in both national and international fora
@VICHA FORM FOUR 2024
 vii. Presides over national holidays
Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
24. State three categories of Kenya Defence Forces
i. Kenya Army
ii. Kenya Navy
iii. Kenya Airforce
Any 3 x 1 =3mks

Explain six challenges faced by the National Police Service in Kenya

i. Poor transport and communication e.g roads makes it difficult for them to reach different areas
ii. The police have been accused of being involved in corrupt practices e.g demanding money from
the public
iii. Recruitment of people with low academic qualifications into police service presents a bigger
challenge in their service
iv. Interference of the police work by politicians and senior civil servants compromises their integrity
and performance
v. Members of public have poor relationship with the police which prevents the public from passing
useful information to them
vi. Poor remunerations demoralize the police officers
vii. Acts of terrorism have complicated the fight against crime
viii. Inadequate training which affects their operation and service delivery
ix. Betrayal by some officers who collude with criminals to commit crime
Any 6 x 2 =12mks

@VICHA FORM FOUR 2024