EXPERIMENT NO.
13
2 J1 is a slide of a stained transverse section through a plant root.
You are not expected to be familiar with this specimen.
You are required to use a sharp pencil for drawings.
(a) (i) Draw a large plan diagram of half of the root as shown by the shaded area in Fig. 2.1.
Use one ruled label line and label to identify the xylem.
draw this half
Fig. 2.1
You are expected to draw the correct shape and proportions of the different tissues.
M [4]
9700/31/M/J/16
(ii) Observe the vascular tissue in the centre of the root on J1.
The vascular tissue is surrounded by a ring of cells.
Select one group of four adjacent (touching) cells from this ring of cells.
Each cell of the group must touch at least one of the other cells.
Make a large drawing of this group of four cells.
Use one ruled label line and label to identify the cell wall of one cell.
I
·⑰
of cell wall
[5]
(b) Fig. 2.2 is a photomicrograph of a stained transverse section through a plant stem of a
different type of plant.
You are not expected to be familiar with this specimen.
O
25mm
K
17 mm N
Elmm
L M
amm
22mm
magnification ×25
Fig. 2.2
(i) Use the magnification and the lines in Fig. 2.2 to find the actual diameter, in μm, of the air
spaces labelled K, L, M, N and O.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate
units. A =
M =
>
# -
** 25x10um
** N = O
Mm = -
M
HO3um
:
25
L:
um 25
K =
= 1000 um
= 840 Mm
&80 Mm
760 um
=
= 600 um
K ................
600 760
μm, L................ 880
μm, M................ 840
μm, N................ 1000
μm, O................ μm [2]
(ii) Using the actual diameters calculated in (b)(i), calculate the mean actual diameter of an
air space.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate
units.
600 + 760 + 880 + 840 + 1000
=
832 um
mean actual diameter .......................................................... [2]
(iii) A feature of the plant in Fig. 2.2 is the presence of air spaces in the plant stem.
habitat
aquatic
Suggest a habitat where this plant might grow ..................................................................
Suggest how the air spaces adapt the plant to this habitat.
Air cavities
help to
float the
plants:
...........................................................................................................................................
provide .
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
Also support
(c) Prepare the space below so that it is suitable for you to record the observable differences
between the root on J1 and the stem in Fig. 2.2.
Record your observations in the space you have prepared.
Feature Slide J1
Fig 28 .
Air cavities absent present
Pith absent present
Position center
of aglem occupies in the shape of ring
a
Pericycle present absent
Pavenchyma more Less
Cary treef [4]
[Total: 18]
