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DF Block

The document discusses various properties and trends of d-block and f-block elements, including ionization energy, magnetic nature, complex formation, and catalytic properties. It highlights the formation of colored ions, interstitial compounds, and alloy formation, as well as specific reactions and compounds related to transition metals. Additionally, it covers the characteristics of lanthanides and actinides, emphasizing their general properties, reactivity, and the impact of lanthanoid and actinoid contraction.

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Janardan Dixit
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43 views7 pages

DF Block

The document discusses various properties and trends of d-block and f-block elements, including ionization energy, magnetic nature, complex formation, and catalytic properties. It highlights the formation of colored ions, interstitial compounds, and alloy formation, as well as specific reactions and compounds related to transition metals. Additionally, it covers the characteristics of lanthanides and actinides, emphasizing their general properties, reactivity, and the impact of lanthanoid and actinoid contraction.

Uploaded by

Janardan Dixit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Prop 2. lonisation Energy (ILE) 2 Size (a) 3d series (a) 3d series oa Se Ti V Gr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Se>Ti>V> Cr Fe x Co Ni < Cus Zn | ee es We 2d elt 2 dominates ceromss dma {Sec eCreTieMn Bd > 4d eee due to LC due to L€ (poor screening of 4F 68) 3d SedoTi v 3. MP ——~ 4d Y S-+Zr Nb sd Las Hf Ta see¥e bas THeZreHR}V Fe» Cor Ni? Mn > Cu> Zn 4. ON 2 3 “4 Ti-Zn Se Ni T= Ni “Ta zanti Hai ye Sach nab Hai Tu wali feu") 5. Magnetic nature i = n= no. of unpaired e°s MM = 0 (Diamagretic) MM #0. (Paramagnetic) ce” Cr => [Ar] 4s" 3d” Or?! = [Ar]. 42 Bd [n=3] tar bm = [5S02) = (AF Pararnagnetic &. Complex formation tendency d-block elements form Large no. of complexes due to small size, thigh tonic charge & availability of d orbitals TAg(NHs}, JCI [Cu(NH,},]80, [Cu(H,2},150,H,0 7. Formation of coloured ion ” B Bou ~s 4 4 "6 7 Vv - Mn Cr ~ Fe Mn. ve maakt Ro kar Mere wean ki | 8 Interstitial comp, formation 1C are formed when small atoms ike M,C, N etc are trapped in the metal erystal lattice TiC, TE Hyp Fey € ete (2) Non stoichiometric (2) Very hard (3) High M.P than pure metal (4) Chemically inert (5) retain metallic conductivity 4. Catalytic prop d-block elements are known For catalytic prop } V0¢ in contact process Fe in Haber’s process Ni in Hydrogenation # 165,02" —+ 1, +500" Mie Pre, | 2 6g? ae | Fe" + S,0;° —> Fay! » S04 | 40. Alloy formation | Alloy => Alloy is Homo solid sof" in which atoms are randovaly distributed Cur Zn Cus Sn Brass Bronze Some Imp. Compounds of d-block 2. KMnO, # (2) Lab method a2 «02° 5 ano? + $03" Inorganic Chemistry (2) Commerical Method fused with KOH, 2 — onde by air or Ks, -_eletralyie : Mo?” Seat no, oxidation ix stkalne medium fused with KOH 2 (6) Mno, “EE, ono? ze ondised by airor RHO, (a) MnO, mmo? ts ano + MnO, Prop (2) Heating effect kind, 22> kgMnOy + MnO, + 0, deep purple Gren Grow (2) Structure (2) Cheraical Ren Mno; #5 mno2- Fao; MB fino, ales alkaline acidic mno; me oles a[s BiN[A mam MnO, —> Mn k ToL OX OK —» CO, Ko fir Fe” —+ Fe™ Se SS New NO; —» NOS song S03” —+ S02” sunao Sr —» Sn = # Mads Os Mn a d-Block 2. In Neutral or Alkaline medium 40 M0, > Mao, 10. a. HO ane thi 5,0," —“» so, Manisha Mn” <> MnO, Ceaist 250. MP2 ‘or Zand 1 KeCr,0, # MOP # (2) ' se Fused with ooo, _ Yellow Fe Cr,0, SHAMAN | NasCrO, + Chromite os Fe,0, + CO, |" Kel K,€6,0, <—— Na,Cr,0, Orange Prop +. Heating effect K,Cr,0, 2» K,CrO,+ Cr:05 + Cy Orang Yalow — Green eee Cr" gt “cr0, = Orange Yellow Struc or K,CrO,°—~ *K,Cr,0, ° sero +. WP ae WAM a KO = Cr 8K KO=Cr4 Ner—OK 4 u il L a oO BL oO oO xy 4. RaCr0, acts as an OA in acidic reeaiamn “Cr40. > pie fir Fe” ——» Fe ck Song HS ——>S Sunao Sn*— Sn 5. Chromyl chloride test Solid Chromyf chloride Tonic ik EB" Reddish brown vap, Chloride OMS cr0.c1, ° je th Yellow Pb—(O-C—CHs), cof’ NaaC¥On PL(OAC), HORS), Following chlorides yy do not give COT pe PbCrO, (Chromy! chloride test) AgCl, Snel, PbCla, HgaCl, & HyCls Ag Sh POG ajl Suno Pyar Hogya 3, Green vitriol (FeSO, . 7H,0) MOP (2) Fe + H,S0, 225 FeSO, . 7H,0 Heating ¢ FeSO, 7H,0 222°C. 202, F250, + THO peroraHeatg Fe,04 + $0, + SOy ZnSO, . 7H,0 ZnSO, . 7H,O ZnCO, Zn(OH), ZnSO, 7H,0 Basie Zine Carbonate Heating effect ZnSO, . THO Ey znS0,. CH,O | ie zn0 22S ZnSO, 22S ZnSO, . H,0 50, aco ZnO + $0, +0, 3. Blue vitriol (CuSO, . SH,0) 1,804 MOP 2. Cu x * On 2. OK Biz CuSOg. SHO 5. CuC0,-Cu(oH), “225 cuso, . SHO Basie Copper Carbonate Structure # CuSO, . SHO [CW(H,0)¢] $0, Ha Heating effect CuSO, 5H,0 —“—> CuSO, 3H,0 Blue as | pale soore ive wie cuo E25 CuSO, <22E CuSO, H,0 + Blush white £0, Taso CuO + $0, +O, Black Chemnical Bxis - USO, + Na,5,0, —> NaglCu, ($303}¢] (exes) Sediven Cupro~ thiosalphate 6. Philoscphers wool (2n0) or Chinese white MOP 4. Zn (OH), —S» ZnO + H,0 2 ZnC0, —L»Zn0+ C0, 3. ZaCO,.Zn(CH), 4-5Zn0+C0,+H.0 4. Zn(NO.)y Ay ZnO + NO, + O, 1. ZnO is white when cold & yellow when hot (Due to crystal defect) 2, ZnO is an amphoteric oxide ai zno HL, znict,” mo tg Na,| 200, Inorganic Chemistry Fe+cl, —> Fecl, (aces) Prop 4. FeCl, + KSCN —» Fe(SCN), Blood eed woe 2. FeClyskylFe(CN)] —> FeslFeCCN)]s 3 ussian’s Prussan’s FelFe] ue oe tron) caer Turbulls exncyana refee] we | ratty 3 Heating effect FeCl, Ly Feci, + Cl, 4 Struc. FeCl, in solid forma exist as dimer (Fecl,), aN oN al oN AL 2. All Cu’ halides are stable except jodide 3 Cat +19 —> Cagle + le 2. Many Cu” Comp are unstable in ag Sul Cu! —> Cu" + Cu (Stability) Cu?" > Cu" due to wore -ve AH’ which is greater than 2™ LE. KMnO, KEIO, oO I \ Mn Al tt a oH Wow 07 Wow ° oO Tetvahedral Tetrahedral 3. ON of metal in most of the Carbonyls is zero [NW{CO}_], [Mn(CO)<] [Cr(CO),] KtO=0 4. FeO? ion formed in alkaline media FeO,’ —9 Fe,0, + On Block 5. Highest Fluride of Mn is NnF, while oxide is Mn, ° ° Wi " O=Mn-0-Mn=0 6. Oxidising power (0.P) VO_" <*Cr,0;" Mn,” 7. Mn & Co” ave strong OA while Ti, 7", Cr” ave strong RA. Het Pu ly op 8. All metal except Se form ionic MO. 9. Higher ON oxides ave acidic in Nature Mn,0, & CrO, + 4 HMnO, — H,CrO, & H,Cr,0,, 10. V0; Basie “4 Vs0, bess Basic Ys vo” salt Vide Amphoteric JLo os Vo," Salt vO,” Salt Xo BEOB KEES; 11. Mn’T halide does not exist, MnOgF exist: 12. CrO Basie, Cr,0, Amphoteric 13. Cr" is less stable than Mo" & w"® : (Cr,0,7°) Cr is strong O.A while MOO, & 24. Sodium dichromate crystallises as Na,Cr,0,. 2H,0 45, Stability of VF, is due to Lower ON VX, (X = Cl,Br,I} 16. Beyond Mn, no metal has trihalide except FeX, & CoP, (X = F, Cl, Br) 27, Halides of V"* exist as VFe, Cr" dros other helides of v M5 vox, b WO, are not? © exist as CrF, ® Inner Transition Metal Group (3) Period 6 (1) Lanthansids gybat,Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Th Py Ho Group (3) Period 7 (2) Actinoids Er Tm Yb j,lu gett }acTh Pa U Np Pu Ara cm Bk CF Es Fim Md No solr 2. Lanthanods (1) EC F-block =2 General La lf] Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu [Gd] T fu a eeeed ere regia sd 3}3 0000 04 0 (ote oe Br lear ter See Se ele eee 2 (2) ON +2 +s eu", Yb" Most common RA Ln” ()lenic Bedi Le Da > COP > PP enna ba" Left to Right decreases due to increase in ENC owing to Lanthanoid contraction (poor screening of 4f €°s) Sereening order: s>prdrt (4) Chemical Rens } EC (n-2) ce (n-ayd?* ns? Lanthanoids => 4P°* sd? 63" Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 10 44 12 13 14 14 06 00 © 4 22 22 2 2 44 ce [Pr Nd Tb Dy MO, OA (5) General prop. (2)All Ln ave silvery white soft metals (but Siw is steel hard) due to strong metallic bond. (2) Except La and Lut” all M** ion sare Coloured. be Ce"ete) type (3) Except f° type (La’ ye (70*" & Lu ete), all ions are paramagnetic (4) Basicity of La decreases from L to R due to decrease in size La (OH), — decreases (5) Hardness 0 atomic no. (6) Alloys of Ln are called Mischmetals 45% La 5% Fe with some traces of S, C, Ca ete. 2. Actinoids senna (ROW > SEH OUI Oats Hibaiti > HeGHiU rity 6ai2 000 002 goa ese zeae aris ae a @on - 55 8 8S 4 4 4 4 4 4 Sareea eso, 6 6 6 6 77 3 Siew L to R size decreases due to increase in ENC owing to Actinoide contraction (poor sereering of St €%s) 4. General Chavac # (2) All are paramag. (2) All are silvery white metal. (3) They get tarnished on exposure to alkali F-Block Bk Cf Es 4 10 44 000 petiolate: BB OB 4 (2) Be (n-2) P™ (n-a)a?? ns* |Ac_sh od Fon 12 ° 2 3 no {ir} 14 at o 4 2 B38 (4) Allare radioactive (d At No 92 onward ail clements are called transuranic element) (5) They react with boiling water to form ix. of oxides & hydrides. (6) All react with non metals at moderate temp. (7) All react with HCI but effect with HNO, is small due to the formation of oxide Layer.

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