LIFE PROCESSES

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. The correct order of steps occurring in animals is:
(a) Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion, Assimilation, Egestion
(b) Ingestion, Digestion, Assimilation, Absorption, Egestion
(c) Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion
(d) Ingestion, Assimilation, Digestion, Absorption, Egestion
2. In which of the following groups of organisms, food materials are broken down outside
thebody and absorbed?
(a) Mushroom, green plants, Amoeba (b) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould
(c) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta (d) Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm
3. What are the products obtained by anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?
(a) Lactic acid + Energy (b) Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
(c) Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy (d) Pyruvate
4. The opening and closing of the stomatal pore depends upon
(a) Oxygen (b) Temperature (c) water in the guard cells (d) concentration of
CO2
5. A plant gets rid of excess water through transpiration. Which is a method used by plants to
get rid of solid waste products?
(a) shortening of stem (b) dropping down of fruits
(c) shedding of yellow leaves (d) expansion of roots into the soil
6. Which of the equations show correct conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates in
plants?
A. 6CO2 + 12H2O + Light --------› C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
B. 6CO2 + 12H2O + Light --------› C6H12O6 + 12O2 + 6H2O
C. 6CO2 + 12H2O + Light --------› C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 12H2O
D. 6CO2 + 16H2O + Light --------› C6H12O6 + 12O2 + 6H2O
7. Which option correctly shows the transport of oxygen to the cell?
(a) Lungs →pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → body cells
(b)Lungs →pulmonary vein →right atrium →right ventricle → aorta → body cells
(c) Lungs →pulmonary artery →left atrium → left ventricle → vena cava → body cells
(d)Lungs →pulmonary artery →right atrium → right ventricle→ vena cava → bodycells
8. How is food transported from phloem to the tissues according to plants’ needs?
(a) food is transported along with the water in the plant’s body.
(b)food is transported in only one direction like water in the plant body throughxylem.
(c) food is transported from a region with low concentration to higher concentration.
(d)food is transported from a region where it is produced to other parts of the plants.
9. In which mode of nutrition an organism derives its food from the body of another
living organism without killing it?
(a) Saprotrophic nutrition (b)Parasitic nutrition
(c) Holozoic nutrition (d) Autotrophic nutrition
10. Which of the following events in the mouth cavity will be affected if salivaryamylase is
lacking in the saliva?
(a) Starch breaking down into sugars (b)Proteins breaking down into amino
acids.
(c) Absorption of vitamins. (d)Fats breaking down into fatty acids
and glycerol.
11. Glycolysis process occurs in which part of the cell?
 (a) Cytoplasm (b)Nucleus (c) Mitochondria (d)Chloroplast
12. Name the substances whose build up in the muscles during vigorous physical exercise
may cause cramps?
(a) Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy (b) Lactic acid + Energy
(c) Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (d) Pyruvate
13. Name a circulatory fluid in the human body other than blood.
(a) Platelets (b) RBC (c) Lymph (d) Plasma
14. Single circulation, i.e., blood flows through the heart only once during one cycle of
passage through the body, is exhibited by which of the following:
(a) hyla, rana, draco (b) whale, dolphin, turtle
(c) labeo, chameleon, salamander (d) hippocampus, exocoetus, anabas
15. Which part of nephron allows the selective reabsorption of useful substances likeglucose,
amino acids,
salts and water into the blood capillaries?
(a) Tubule (b) Glomerulus (c) Bowman’s capsule (d) Ureter
16. Identify the correct path of urine in the human body.
(a) Kidney → urinary bladder → urethra → ureter
(b) Urinary bladder → ureter → kidney → urethra
(c) Kidney → ureter → urethra → urinary bladder
(d) Kidney → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra
17. Which of the following statements are true about respiration?
(i) during inhalation, ribs move inward and diaphragm is raised.
(ii)the gaseous exchange takes place in the alveoli
(iii) haemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon dioxide than oxygen
(iv) alveoli increase surface area for the exchange of gases
(a) i and iv (b)ii and iii (c) i and iii (d)ii and iv
18. Water absorption in plants can be increased by keeping the potted plants:
(a) in the shade (b)in dim light (c) under the fan (d) covered with a polythene
bag
19. What prevents the backflow of blood inside the heart during contraction?
(a) thick muscular walls of ventricles(b)valves(c) thin walls of atria(d)septum
20. Coagulation of blood in a cut or wound is brought about by:
(a) plasma (b) platelets (c) WBC (d) RBC
II. There is a range of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the organisms
inheterotrophic nutrition. Some organism breakdown the food material outside the body and
then absorb it. Others take in whole material and break it down inside their bodies. What can
be taken in and broken down depends on the body design and functioning. Some others
derive nutrition from plants and animals without killing them.
1. Organisms which derive nutrition from plants and animals without killing them.
A. Parasites B. Saprophytes C. Heterotrophs D. Autotrophs
2. In which part of amoeba complex food particles are broken down into simpler ones.
A. Cytoplasm B. Pseudopodia C. Nucleus D. Food
vacuole
3. Which of the following is an example of saprotroph.
A. Cuscuta B. Sugarcane C. Bread mould D.
Amoeba
4. Taking in whole material and breaking it down inside the body is
A. Parasitic nutrition B. Holozoic nutrition C. Saprophytic nutrition D.
Symbiosis
5. Heterotrophic nutrition involves
A. Production of simple sugar from inorganic compounds
B. Utilisation of chemical energy to prepare food
C. Utilisation of energy obtained by plants
D. All of these
III. Human Digestive System
1. Which of these correctly represent the labels B, C, D and E?
A. Pancreas, Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver B. Oesophagus, Liver, Stomach, Pancreas
C. Stomach, Liver, Oesophagus, Pancreas D. Oesophagus, Pancreas, Liver, Stomach
2. Villi are present in
A. D B. E C. F D. A
3. The enzyme that is released by the part label A is
A. Trypsin B. Amino acids C. Amylase D. Intestinal juices
4. The movements that occur along part B to push the food forward.
A. Rotation B. Peristalsis C. Flexion D. Protrusion
5. In case of diarrhoea, which major process does not take place normally in region G?
A. Absorption of food B. Absorption of water

C. Secretion of hormones D. Removal of waste material

IV. Pathways of breakdown of glucose

1. The pathway of respiration common in all living organisms is X; it occurs in the Y and the
products formed are two molecules of Z. Identify X, Y and Z.
A. Glycolysis, Mitochondria, Pyruvic acid B. Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, Pyruvic
acid
C. Citric acid cycle, Cytoplasm, Phosphate D. Kreb’s cycle, Mitochondria,
Acetyl CoA
2. During vigorous physical exercise, lactic acid is formed from glucose inside the muscle cells
because
A. there is lack of oxygen B. there is lack of water
C. there is excess of carbon dioxide D. none of the above
3. Type of respiration seen during fermentation
A. Aerobic B. Anaerobic C. Reduction D. Oxidation
4. End product of Aerobic respiration
A. NADH B. Oxygen C. ATP D. CO2 +ATP+H2O
5. Amount of energy released is more during
A. Anaerobic respiration B. Fermentation C. Aerobic respiration D. Reduction
V. Blood transport food, Oxygen and waste materials in our bodies. It consists of plasma as a
fluid medium. A pumping organ [heart] is required to push the blood around the body. The
blood flow through the chambers of heart in a specific manner and direction. While flowing
throughout the body, blood exert a pressure against the wall or a vessel.
1. Oxygenated blood from lungs enters left atrium through
A. Vena cava B. Pulmonary artery C. Pulmonary vein D.
Aorta
2. The rate of blood flow in the capillaries is very low because capillaries are
A. Very narrow and have high resistance B. Much wide and have low
resistance
C. Very narrow and have low resistance D. Much wide and have high
resistance
3. Which of the following statements are true about human heart?
A. It is a hollow muscular organ
B. It is four chambered having three auricles and one ventricle.
C. It has different chambers to prevent O2 rich blood from mixing with the blood containing
CO2
D. Both A & C
4. Study the table below and select the row that has correct information.
A. Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets B. Plasma = Blood – RBC
C. Lymph = Plasma + RBC D. Serum = Plasma + RBC + WBC
VI. Our body needs to remove the wastes that build up from cell activities and from
digestion. If these wastes are not removed, then our cells can stop working and we can get
very sick. The organs of excretory system consist of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a
urinary bladder and a urethra. Each kidney is made up of nearly one million complex tubular
structures called nephrons. The formation of urine involves various processes that take place
in the different parts of the nephrons. Each nephron consists of a cup- shaped upper end
called Bowman’s capsule containing a bunch of capillaries called glomerulus. Bowman’s
capsule leads to tubular structure, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal
convoluted tubule which ultimately join the collecting tubule.
1. The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic
form.
A. Urea B. Uric acid C. Ammonia D. All of these
2. Glomerular filtrate is first collected by
A. Distal convoluted tubule B. proximal convoluted tubule C.
Bowman’s capsule space D. loop of Henle
3. The outline of principal events of urination is given below in random order.
I) stretch receptors on the wall of urinary bladder send signals to the CNS.
II) The bladder fills with urine and become distended.
III) Micturition (voiding out urine)
IV) CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of bladder
and simultaneous relaxation of urethral sphincter.
The correct sequence of the events is
A. I → II → III→ IV B. IV → III → II→ I
C. II → I→ IV → III D. III → II→ I→ IV
4. Urine formation occurs through
A. Ultrafiltration, reabsorption, secretion. B. Secretion, osmosis, ultrafiltration and
reabsorption.
C. Only filtration and absorption. D. Only osmosis and secretion.

VII. ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:

Following questions consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
B. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
C. Assertion is true but reason is false.
D. Assertion is false and reason is true.
1) Assertion: Kidneys perform a dual function in our body.
Reason: Selective reabsorption occurs in the glomerulus.
2) Assertion: Mammals and birds have four chambered hearts.
Reason: Mammals and birds are warm blooded.
3) Assertion: Mammals has double circulation.
Reason: Higher energy need due to endotherm (warm blooded).
4) Assertion: Veins have valves.
Reason: The pressure for the flow is far lesser compared to arteries.
5) Assertion: Kidneys purify blood.
Reason: Renal vein has more Oxygen than renal artery.
6) Assertion: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.
Reason: Arteries transport blood from the heart to different parts of the body.
7) Assertion: The left atrium and left ventricle are completely separated from the right
atrium and the right ventricle.
Reason: Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood never mix with each other inside the heart.
8) Assertion: In plants gaseous exchange takes place by the opening and closing of guard
cells.
Reason: The exchange of gases occurs across the surface of stem, roots and leaves.
9) Assertion: The Alveoli provide a surface where exchange of gases takes place.
Reason: The Alveolar blood vessels transport oxygenated blood to all the cells of the body.
10) Assertion: Tracheal cartilage is present in the throat.
Reason: The larynx plays an important role in human speech.
11) Assertion: Bread tastes sweet on chewing.
Reason: Salivary amylase converts starch into sugar.
12) Assertion: At high altitudes the pressure of oxygen falls, inside lungs.
Reason: Oxygen is absorbed very quickly from alveoli to increase breathing rate.
13) Assertion: Anaerobic respiration requires more energy as compared to aerobic
respiration.
Reason: Mitochondria is the power house of the cell
14) Assertion: Chyme is the food which enters into the intestine from stomach.
Reason: Chyme is acidic in nature.
15) Assertion: During transpiration the evaporating water carries away heat energy.
Reason: Due to water loss the osmotic pressure inside leaves increases.
16) Assertion: Herbivores have longer intestine to allow cellulose to get digested.
Reason: Carnivores have shorter intestine to allow meat to get digested.
17) Assertion: Lipase helps in the digestion of proteins.
Reason: Digestion of proteins in small intestine needs basic medium
18) Assertion: Respiration is opposite of Photosynthesis.
Reason: In Photosynthesis food is made from energy and in Respiration food is converted to
energy.
19) Assertion: Aerobic respiration evolves less energy as compared to anaerobic respiration.
Reason: Mitochondria are the power house of the cell.
20) Assertion: A plant closes its stomata when it does not need carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis
Reason: Large amount of water can be lost as vapour through the stomata.
21) Assertion: The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells.
Reason: Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion.
22) Assertion: In a healthy adult, the initial filtrate in the kidneys is about 180 L daily, but
the actual volume excreted is only a litre a day.
Reason: Most of the filtrate is lost from the body in the form of sweat.
23) Assertion: The four chambered heart does not mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Reason: Four chambered heart is found in mammals with advanced body functions.

VIII. TWO MARK QUESTIONS:

1. (a) Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y. What are X and Y?
(b) Write the stages involved in the process of photosynthesis.
2. Major amount of water is selectively reabsorbed by the tubular part of nephron in humans.
What are the factors on which the amount of water reabsorbed depends?
3. Differentiate between single and double circulation found in vertebrates.
4. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to
obtaining oxygen for respiration?
5. What is villi? What are its functions?
6. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
7. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated & deoxygenated blood in mammals & birds?
8. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms
like humans?
9. In the process of Photosynthesis food A is prepared which gets converted into food B. What
are A and B? Why is A converted to B?
10. Name the respiratory organs of (i) fish (ii) mosquito (iii) earthworm.
11. Why is the rate of breathing much faster in aquatic organisms than those of terrestrial
organisms?
12. Name the two ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms.
13. State basic difference in the processes of respiration and photosynthesis.
14. Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria. Give reason.
15. What is the function of trachea? Why do the walls not collapse even when there is less air
in it?
16. Explain the significance of peristaltic movement that occurs all along the gut during
digestion.
17. Name two digestive glands associated with digestive system in humans. Name their
secretions.
18. Which mechanism plays an important role in transportation of water in plants?
(a) During daytime (b) At night?
19. How desert plants perform photosynthesis if their stomata remain closed during the day?
20. Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.

IX. THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Observe the experimental set up and answer the questions given below. Note that the bell
jars are inverted over the plants after the plants are kept in dark for 72 hours. Also, the set-
up is air tight. The set-up is kept in sunlight for a few hours and then starch test is done on

leaves of both plants.

(i) What is the aim of this experiment?

(ii)Why are the plants to be kept in the dark for 72 hours?
(iii) What is the role of KOH in this experiment?
2. Observe the experimental setup given below and answer the following questions.

(i) Identify the liquids labelled as A and B.

(ii)Why is the leaf supposed to be first boiled in A and then in B?
(iii) Can the leaf be boiled in B directly over the flame of the burner? Give reason.
3. List the three steps in photosynthesis.
4. What are the functions of saliva? (Any 3 points)
5. What is the significance of Small Intestine in our body? (Any 3 points)
6. List any 3 functions of the major circulatory fluid of our body.