建筑成图与模型制作
Architectural drawing and model making
模型制作材料、工具、方法
Model making materials, tools and methods
Hubei University of
Technology
Shang Wei
CONTENT
1. High profile architectural
model
2. Model making materials
3. Professional modeling tools
4. Architectural modeling
Part I
·High profile architectural model
(large scale project model)
building structure
S---Steel 钢板 R---Reinforce 钢筋 C---Concrete 混凝土
一.RC钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete)
二.SC 钢结构(Steel Construction)
三.SRC钢框架+钢筋混泥土 (Steel Reinforced Concrete)
question：
·What's the use of building models?
(why do you want to make a
building model?)
·Classification of building models?
High profile architectural
model
Pritzker Award
It was initiated by Jay Pritzker and his wife Cindy in 1979
and won the Nobel Prize in architecture.
1987年 Kenzo Tange
1993年 Fumihiko Maki
1995年 Tadao Ando
2010年 Kazuyo Sejima、 So far, 44 people have won the 39 awards.
USA: 8 persons
Ryue Nishizawa Japan: 7
Spain: 4 persons
2013年 Toyo Ito UK: 4 persons
Switzerland: 3 persons
2014年 Shigeru Ban Germany / France / Brazil / Italy / Portugal: 2 persons
China / Australia / Norway / Denmark / Netherlands /
Mexico / Austria / Chile: 1 person
(2014 Wang Shu)
Scale 1:200
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors：RC structure, part of S
structure · 6 floors above ground and 2 floors
model underground
Total construction area 35835m2
Toyo Ito architectural design office The production time of the model is about 2 months
Model use for demonstration
Taichung Metropolitan Opera House (Taichung, Taiwan, China)
Materials: light curing resin, acrylic resin
Scale 1:500
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RC structure · 3 floors
above ground and 3 floors underground
model Total construction area 19540m2
Model making time: 2 weeks
Toyo Ito architectural design office Model use for demonstration
Material nylon (powder)
Paris central market area redevelopment competition (Paris, France)
Powder modeling refers to the technology of 3D printing
the powder of nylon material.
It is used here to make a thin hyperboloid wall with a
thickness of 0.8mm (1:500).
Scale 1:150
High profile architectural Structure and number of layers：
Floor 1 and M2: RC structure, part of S structure
model 2. S floor: wooden structure
2 floors above ground and 1 floor underground
Toyo Ito architectural design office The total construction area is 15226m2
Model making time: 1 month
Everyone's forest Gifu media Cosmos (Gifu, Japan)
Model use for display
Material powder modeling
Scale 1:50
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RC structure, s
structure · 1 floor above ground and 1 floor
model underground
The total construction area is 95910m2
Kazuyo Sejima+Ryue Nishizawa/SANAA Model making time: 2 weeks
Model use for research
Rolex Learning Center (Lausanne, Switzerland)
Materials: styrene board, styrene paper, poly foam
Polycarbonate, plastic rod, Kent paper, cardboard
Wire
Scale 1:100
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RC structure, part of S
structure · 1 floor above ground and 5 floors
model underground
The total construction area is 27725.1m2
Tadao Ando Architecture&Associates Model making time: 20 days
Model use for demonstration
Shibuya Station (Tokyo, Japan)
Material splint, paperboard
Scale 1:50, 1:200
High profile architectural Structure · layers RC structure, s structure · 3 layers
above ground
model The total construction area is 9200m2
The model making time is one week each
Kengo Kuma architectural Model use for competition demonstration
and urban design office Materials: styrene board, cardboard, PET sheet, OHP
Besancon art and Culture sheet
Center (Besancon, France) Cypress square stick
Scale 1:100, 1:200
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RC structure · 3 floors
above ground
model The total construction area is 8400m2
Model making time: 1 month
Kengo Kuma architectural Model use for competition demonstration and
and urban design office Exhibition
Material: acrylic resin, thick paper
V & A at Dundee, Scotland
Scale 1:35
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RC structure · 3 floors
above ground
model The total construction area is 293m2
The production time of the model is 2 months
Kengo Kuma architectural Model use for display
and urban design office Materials: light molding, acrylic resin, plastic plate
Sunny hills South Castle Peak
(Tokyo, Japan)
Part I
·High profile
architectural model
(individual
residence · collect of
residence)
Scale 1:35
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RC structure, s
structure · 2 floors above ground and 1 floor
model underground
The total construction area is 265.12m2
Kengo Kuma architectural Model making time: 10 days
and urban design office Model use demonstration and research
Materials: polystyrene board, polystyrene paper, light
Iron house (Tokyo, Japan) wood board
PVC board, plastic rod
Scale 1:20
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors · wooden structure · 3
floors above the ground
model The total construction area is 112.93m2
Model making time: 1 week
Jun Igarashi Architects Model use for demonstration
Materials: polystyrene board, iron wire, plastic wire
Alternate Valley (Hokkaido,
Japan)
Scale 1:20
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors s structure · 3 floors
above ground
model The total construction area is 69.9m2
Model making time: 1 week
Takesuke Fujimoto architectural design Model use for research
Materials: plastic, polystyrene board, light wood
House Na (Tokyo, Japan)
board
Scale 1:100, 1:50, 1:20
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors wood structure, RC
structure · 1 floor above ground and 1 floor
model underground
The total construction area is 87.07m2
Hasegawa Go architectural Model making time: 5 days
design office Model use for research
Materials: poly foam, etc
Housing in Kawakami (Tokyo,
Japan)
Scale 1:20
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors s structure · 6 floors
above ground
model The total construction area is 1611.37m2
Model making time: 45 days
藤村龙至建筑设计事务所 Model use for discussion
Materials: cardboard, polystyrene board, thick
Building K (Tokyo, Japan)
cardboard, PVC board
Light wood board, etc
Scale 1:30
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors · wooden structure · 2
floors above the ground
model The total construction area is 66.65m2
Model making time: 3 weeks
菊地宏建筑设计事务所 Model usage record
Materials: MDF, pet, tarpaulin, wood, coating
Songyuan house (Tokyo, Japan)
Scale 1:30
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors s structure · 2 floors
above ground
model The total construction area is 204.2m2
Model making time: 1 week
Ondesign Partners Model use for demonstration and discussion
Materials: mortar, polystyrene board, corrugated
Warehouse (Yokohama, Japan)
board, leather, cloth, etc
Scale 1:50
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors RS structure · 1 floor
underground and 9 floors above ground
model The total construction area is 623.5m2
Model making time: 1 week
Ondesign Partners Model use for demonstration and discussion
Materials: wood, metal wire, punching mesh paper,
Co operational Garden (Tokyo,
polystyrene board
Japan)
Corrugated board, gypsum, mortar, etc
Scale 1:50
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors · wooden structure · 2
floors above the ground
model The total construction area is 249.5m2
Model making time: 3 weeks
Ondesign Partners Model use for demonstration and discussion
Materials: polystyrene board, colored paper, cypress,
SEADAYS（Japan,Tateyama）
dried flowers
Metal wire, gypsum, basswood finish, etc
Scale 1:80
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors s structure · 4 floors
above ground
model The total construction area is 216.9m2
Model making time: 4 days
Ondesign Partners Model use for demonstration and discussion
Materials: licorice, polystyrene board, aviation
Land Watcher（Japan，Gotenba）
plywood, juniper
Metal wire, PVC board, cypress, etc
Scale 1:50
High profile architectural Structure · number of floors · wooden structure · 2
floors above the ground
model The total construction area is 437.7m2
Model making time: 3 days
Ondesign Partners Model use for demonstration and discussion
Materials: paper, sand powder, aviation plywood,
Okigunn Learning Center（Japan，
cypress square bar, etc
Okigunn）
Part I
·High profile
architectural model
(structure model)
question：
·What's the use of building
models?
(why do you want to make a
building model?)
·Classification of building
models?
question： ·What's the use of
building models?
Why make building
models?
question： ·What's the use of
building models?
Why make building
models?
·llustrative: between
the design drawing
and the actual three-
dimensional space
expression
question： ·What's the use of
building models?
Why make building
models?
·Inspiration: designers,
owners and reviewers
analyze and deal with
the changes of space
and form from three-
dimensional
conditions
question： ·What's the use of
building models?
Why make building
models?
·Touchability: explore
the feedback and
response of senses,
and then seek a
reasonable form
question： ·What's the use of
building models?
Why make building
models?
·Expressiveness: to
make people feel the
real image carrier
with specific entities
·What's the use of
building models?
question： Why make building
models?
·Presentation, discussion,
research, recording, display
question：
·Classification of building models?
·Preliminary ·Standard ·Display
model model model
·What's the use of
question： building models?
·Why make building
models?
·Classification of models: between design drawings and actual
three-dimensional space expression
·Inspiration: designers, owners and reviewers are divided from
three-dimensional conditions
Analyzing and dealing with the changes of space and form
·Touchability: explore the feedback and response of the senses,
and then seek a reasonable way
form
·Expressiveness: to make people feel the real image carrier with
specific entities
Part II
·Mold making
material type
Model making materials
Polyron foam plastic, PVC board, Chevron
board (high density foam board)
Foaming material 1 It is a hard foaming material with
good compression resistance and
water resistance. Originally used for
thermal insulation, the official name
is extruded polystyrene foam. It can
be easily processed by using thermal
cutter and file, and can be used to
show curved surfaces and complex
shapes.
From above:
● EK (blue, fine particles)
● Su (gray, fine particles)
● we (white, coarse grain)
● FII (ivory, fine grain)
Model making materials ● polystyrene board (1, 2)
Processed from thin foamed plastic. Strong
Polystyrene board, toughness, suitable for making curved surfaces.
polystyrene paper, The thickness is 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm and
7mm. There are also multilayer composite
adhesive board boards.
Foaming material 2 ● polystyrene paper (3 ~ 6)
It is made by pasting high-quality paper on both
sides of foamed plastic board. Light and easy to
process. Because it can be easily processed with
a blade, it is mostly used in plastic materials.
The thickness is 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm and
7mm.
● sticking plate (7 ~ 9)
Plastic foam board with adhesive coating on one
side. It can be used in a variety of ways. In
addition to being used for a simple model
carrier, it can also be used as a plate file with
sandpaper.
Model making materials
Foaming material model
Model making materials
● light wood board (1 ~ 3)
Light wood board, aviation Light and soft wood. It can be easily processed
plywood, basswood with blades and files.
● aviation plywood (4)
plywood, light wood board Multiple composite sheets. High strength and
Wood board strong water resistance.
● basswood plywood (5, 6)
The composite board made of basswood
material has fine and uniform wood grain and
beautiful surface. The price is higher than that
of light wood, and the corresponding strength
also has advantages.
● light wood (7)
Softwood compressed into thin sheets.
Commonly used to describe the appearance of
terrain such as contour lines.
Model making materials
Wood model
● acrylic resin board (1, 2)
Model making materials There are two kinds: transparent and color. The
thickness of transparent plate is more than 0.5mm, and
the thickness of color plate is more than 2mm. Thinner
Acrylic resin board, pet board, plates can be cut with tools such as art knife, plastic
cutting knife and saw. Thick plates can only be cut with
plastic cardboard laser cutting machine or electric circular saw.
PVC board, plastic board ● pet board (3, 4)
Board made of polyester fiber. It is lighter than acrylic
Plastic material resin board and easy to cut. Soft and elastic, it can be
made into curved surface by thermoforming technology.
● plastic cardboard (5)
The plastic is processed into cardboard plates. For
making conceptual models, etc.
● PVC board (6 ~ 10)
There are many kinds of colors. Transparent color and
smoke color can represent glass, silver can represent
metal. Due to its soft texture, it can be easily cut with
art knife and scissors. But it is not easy to paint.
● plastic plate (11 ~ 13)
A board made of polystyrene resin. The transparent
color can be used to represent the opening part. It can
be easily processed with a blade.
Model making materials
Plastic model
Model making materials
Plastic model punching paper, color paper, wave
paper, single-sided wave paper
Paper material 1 ● perforated paper (1)
Thick paper with holes. Used to represent
fences, fences, etc.
● color paper (2 ~ 7)
Pasted on the surface of the model to represent
various materials.
● wave paper ultra Bob (8, 9)
Fine corrugated colored paper. Steps that can be
used to make large-scale models.
● single sided corrugated paper super Bob (10,
11)
Cardboard with corrugated paper on one side. It
has rich colors and can be used to represent
waves and roofs. It can also be used to make
steps of large-scale models.
Model making materials
Cardboard, Kent paper, yellow board paper, fiber
paper, honeycomb board ● cardboard snow mat (12)
Cardboard about 0.5mm thick. Used to make
Paper material 2
small-scale models.
● KMK Kent paper (13)
Strong toughness, suitable for making simple
research and learning models.
● yellow paperboard (14)
A board made by compressing recycled paper.
Used to represent walls and roofs.
● fiberboard (15)
The United States often uses recycled paper as
a model.
● honeycomb panel (16)
A plate with a honeycomb structure. It has high
strength and is often used as the base plate for
placing models. You can use a blade to cut.
Model making materials
Paper model
Model making materials Each has different hardness and
performance effects, which can be
used according to the final effect and
Pipe and bar different uses. After bending, the fine
wire can be used to show planting.
Metal pipe
There are also brass, pure copper,
aluminum and other pipes that can
be used, which need to be cut with
powerful scissors or pliers.
● eggplant red and snow-white
0.9mm fine pipes (1 and 2)
● stainless steel, copper and enamel
hobby wire (3 ~ 5)
● piano wire (6)
● stainless steel wire (7)
● nickel silver wire (8)
● brass rod (9)
● square copper rod, square copper
tube and round copper rod (10)
● round aluminum rod and tube (11)
Model making materials
Acrylic resin rod, plastic pipe, ABS pipe, butyric acid resin pipe
Plastic pipe
● acrylic resin rod (1)
Transparent bar made of acrylic resin. It is
mainly used in combination with acrylic resin
board. The shapes of the cut plane include circle,
triangle and square.
● plastic pipe (2)
Plastic pipe made of styrene resin. There are
two colors: transparent and white. There are
metal wires inside the white, with diameters of
1.2mm and 1.6mm, which can be bent into
various shapes.
● ABS pipe (3)
Transparent plastic pipe made of ABS resin.
● butyric acid resin pipe (4)
There are cyan, red, orange and other rich
colors. Like plastic pipes, there are metal wires
with diameters of 1.2mm and 1.6mm.
Model making materials
Plastic pipe model
Model making materials
●轻木圆棒、桧木圆棒（1、3）
轻木棒有900mm、直径3～30mm和
圆木棒、方木棒、木质钢材棒 600mm直径5～15mm不同规格。桧木
木质管材 棒有900mm，直径2～30mm。
●轻木方棒（2）
用轻木材加工成型制成，轻巧柔软易于
加工。切面尺寸有2mmX2mm到
10mmX10mm多种。
●桧木方棒（4）
用于制作框架模型的方棒。切面从
0.5mmX2mm到15mmX15mm非常多
种规格，
●木质钢材棒（轻木5、桧木6）
加工成型钢形状的木材。轻木制为H型、
L型两种，长度为450mm，切面有
3mmX3mm和5mmX5mm两种。桧木
制有H型、L型、T型、I型、C型5种，长
度为550mm，切面1.6～4.8多种规格。
Model making materials
Wood pipe model
Model making materials
All kinds of metal plates and aluminum screen
punching plates ● various metal plates (aluminum plate 1,
Sheet metal copper plate 2, stainless steel plate 3)
Used to highlight the metal texture of the
model. The thickness of aluminum plate is
0.05 ~ 0.5mm, and the thickness of
copper plate is 0.1
～0.5mm。 There is only 0.1mm stainless
steel plate.
● aluminum screen punching plate (4 ~ 7)
The aluminum plate is made after
punching and screen processing. Easy to
bend, silver and black. The pass types
include prototype, quadrangle, hexagon,
diamond, etc.
Model making materials
Sheet metal model
● paint (from left to right in the rear: Sherlock
Model making materials model paint, electroplating and painting,
gypsum, modeling paste)
The coatings mainly use acrylic resin (water-
Coating and decoration based) and paint. Acrylic resin coatings such as
Other materials Mr. color spray can be used for the coating of
PolyOne foam, plastic, wood and metal. When
acrylic resin coating is used for foaming
materials, it will be difficult to color. At this
time, gypsum (base material) can also be used
as the base. In addition, gypsum can be
processed into a smooth surface with a file
after application. The modeling paste can also
be used to show the undulating terrain after
application.
● decoration (from left to right in front:
Painted characters at 1:50, cars at 1:50, painted
characters at 1:100)
Highlight the scale of the model by placing the
model of people or vehicles. The model has two
versions: pure white and painted color.
Model making materials
其他材料
Part III
·Professional
modeling tools
Model making tool
cutting
Model making tool
cutting
Model making tool
polish
Model making tool
measure
Model making tool
Stick
Part IV
·Architectural modeling
Building model making technology
1. Cutting: how to cut a
beautiful section?
Building model making technology
1. Cutting: how to cut a beautiful section?
Building model making technology
1. Cutting: how to cut a beautiful section?
Building model making technology
1. Cutting: how to cut a beautiful section?
Building model making technology
1. Cutting: how to cut a beautiful section?
Building model making technology
2. Cutting: how to make
beautiful right angles?
Building model making technology
2. Cutting: how to make beautiful
right angles?
Building model making technology
2. Cutting: how to make
beautiful right angles?
Building model making technology
3.How to cut the wall
beautifully?
Building model making technology
4. Cutting: how to make a
beautiful curve?
Building model making technology
4. Cutting: how to make a
beautiful curve?
Building model making technology
5. Cutting: how to cut out
the window?
Building model making technology
5. Cutting: how to cut
out the window?
Building model making technology
6. Cutting: how to cut plastic?
Building model making technology
6. Cutting: how to cut plastic?
Building model making technology
7. Cutting: pipe making branch
Building model making technology
7. Cutting: pipe making branch
Building model making technology
7. Cutting: pipe making branch
Building model making technology
7. Cutting: pipe making branch
Building model making technology
8. Cutting: making trees with simple wires
Building model making technology
9. Cutting: simpler toothpick tree
Building model making technology
10. Cutting: how to
make stairs
Building model making technology
10. Cutting: how to
make stairs
Building model making technology
11. Cutting: how to make concave holes and holes
Building model making technology
11. Cutting: how to make
concave holes and holes
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make
spheres and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces
Building model making technology
13. Kill: how to make spheres
and surfaces (orange
segmentation method)
Building model making technology
14. Painting: how to make
realistic glass
Building model making technology
14. Painting: how to make
realistic glass
Building model making technology
15. Painting: a variety of
planting methods
Building model making technology
16. Pasting: manufacturing
method of carpet, door and wall
Building model making technology
16. Pasting: manufacturing
method of carpet, door and wall
Building model making technology
16. Pasting: manufacturing
method of carpet, door and wall
Building model making technology
16. Pasting: manufacturing
method of carpet, door and wall
Building model making technology
16. Pasting: manufacturing
method of carpet, door and wall
Building model making technology
17. Production process
Building model making technology
18. Confirm the overall sense of
balance
Building model making technology
19.Model photography
Building model making technology
Building model making technology
Building model making technology
