Practical File

of
“Python Programming”
(Subject CODE:- - PMD 102)

Department of School of Computing

Graphic Era Hill University,
DEHRADUN
2024-26

Submitted To :- Submitted By :-
Dr. Jyoti Parsola Harshit Rawat
14
M.C.A. AI&DS
1st Sem
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-1 Write a program to display the total seconds in a year.

Source Code:
Python
def total_seconds_in_year():
seconds = 60
minutes = 60
hours = 24
days = 365
total_seconds = seconds * minutes * hours * days
return total_seconds

print(total_seconds_in_year())

Explanation:
total_seconds_in_year():
 Calculates the total number of seconds in a non-leap year (365 days).
 Performs the calculation by multiplying the number of seconds in a minute, minutes
in an hour, hours in a day, and days in a year.
 Returns the total number of seconds, which is then displayed.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-2 Write a program to display all the numbers in the range (151, 180) whose first and
last digit are the same.
Source Code:
Python
def first_last_same():
for num in range(151, 181):
num_str = str(num)
if num_str[0] == num_str[-1]:
print(num)

first_last_same()

Explanation:
first_last_same():
 Loops through numbers between 151 and 180.
 Converts each number to a string and checks if the first and last digits match.
 Prints numbers where the first and last digits are the same.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-3 Write a program having a list l = ["January", "February", ..., "December"].

Display all the months starting with the character "J".
Source Code:
Python
def months_with_j():
months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August",
"September", "October", "November", "December"]
for month in months:
if month.startswith("J"):
print(month)

months_with_j()

Explanation:
months_with_j():
 Iterates over a list of month names.
 Uses startswith("J") to check if a month begins with 'J'.
 Prints months that start with 'J' (January, June, July).
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-4 Write a program to display the electricity bill based on the following conditions:
 First 100 units = 100 Rs
 101-200 units = 150 Rs
 201-300 units = 200 Rs
 Above 300 units = 250 Rs
Source Code:
Python
def electricity_bill(units):
if units <= 100:
return units * 1
elif units <= 200:
return 100 + (units - 100) * 1.5
elif units <= 300:
return 250 + (units - 200) * 2
else:
return 450 + (units - 300) * 2.5

units = int(input("Enter the number of units consumed: "))

print(f"Electricity bill: Rs {electricity_bill(units)}")

Explanation:
electricity_bill(units):
 Implements tiered pricing for electricity bills based on the number of units consumed.
 Uses conditional statements to calculate the bill in different ranges.
 Returns the total bill amount for the given units.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-5 Write a program that accepts a sequence of comma-separated numbers from the
console and generates a list and a tuple containing every number.
Source Code:
Python
def list_and_tuple():
numbers = input("Enter comma-separated numbers: ")
num_list = numbers.split(",")
num_tuple = tuple(num_list)
print("List:", num_list)
print("Tuple:", num_tuple)

list_and_tuple()

Explanation:
list_and_tuple():
 Takes comma-separated user input and splits it into a list using split(",").
 Converts the list into a tuple.
 Prints both the list and tuple versions of the input.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-6 Write a program to create a list that stores all the characters from a string.
Source Code:
Python
def string_to_char_list(string):
return list(string)

string = input("Enter a string: ")

print(string_to_char_list(string))

Explanation:
string_to_char_list(string):
 Converts a given string into a list of individual characters using list().
 Returns the list of characters.
 Useful for operations requiring character-level manipulation.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-7 Write a program to remove the duplicate elements from a tuple without using any
predefined function.
Source Code:
Python
def remove_duplicates(tup):
result = []
for item in tup:
if item not in result:
result.append(item)
return tuple(result)

tup = (1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5)
print(remove_duplicates(tup))

Explanation:
remove_duplicates(tup):
 Iterates through a tuple and removes duplicate elements.
 Constructs a new list containing only unique items.
 Converts the list back into a tuple and returns it.

Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-8 Write a program to create a dictionary named Employee from two lists, emp_id
and emp_name. Now perform the following actions:
 Display all the employee IDs and names.
 Display all the values of the keys that are 3 digits long.
 Display all the values that are the same and also display their corresponding keys.
 Display all the keys that are divisible by 5 but not by 7.
Source Code:
Python
def create_employee_dict(emp_id, emp_name):
return dict(zip(emp_id, emp_name))

def display_employees(employee):
print("Employee ID and Names:")
for emp_id, emp_name in employee.items():
print(f"{emp_id}: {emp_name}")

def values_of_3_digit_keys(employee):
print("\nEmployees with 3-digit IDs:") # Added newline for better readability
for emp_id, emp_name in employee.items():
if len(str(emp_id)) == 3:
print(f"{emp_id}: {emp_name}")

def same_values_and_keys(employee):
print("\nEmployees with same names:") # Added newline for better readability
name_count = {}
for emp_id, emp_name in employee.items():
name_count[emp_name] = name_count.get(emp_name, 0) + 1
for emp_id, emp_name in employee.items():
if name_count[emp_name] > 1:
print(f"{emp_id}: {emp_name}")
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

def divisible_by_5_not_7(employee):
print("\nEmployees with IDs divisible by 5 but not 7:") # Added newline for better readability
for emp_id in employee:
if emp_id % 5 == 0 and emp_id % 7 != 0:
print(emp_id)
emp_id = [101, 202, 303, 504, 600]
emp_name = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Bob", "David"]
employee = create_employee_dict(emp_id, emp_name)
display_employees(employee)
values_of_3_digit_keys(employee)
same_values_and_keys(employee)
divisible_by_5_not_7(employee)

Explanation:
create_employee_dict() and related functions:
 create_employee_dict() creates a dictionary mapping employee IDs to names using
zip().
 The other functions filter or display the employee dictionary, e.g., filtering IDs with
specific patterns or names.
 Demonstrates operations on dictionaries like filtering based on conditions.

Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-9 Write a program with a list containing string data type elements. Store these
strings as keys and their corresponding values as the number of vowels occurring in the
string.
Source Code:
Python
def count_vowels(string):
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
return sum(1 for char in string if char in vowels)

def string_vowel_count(strings):
return {string: count_vowels(string) for string in strings}

strings = ["apple", "banana", "grape", "orange"]

print(string_vowel_count(strings))

Explanation:
count_vowels() and string_vowel_count():
 count_vowels() counts the vowels in a given string by checking each character.
 string_vowel_count() creates a dictionary mapping strings to their vowel counts.
 Useful for analyzing the vowel content of multiple strings.

Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-10 Write a program with a long string. Display all the words in the string that
contain the character "t".
Source Code:
Python
def words_with_t(sentence):
words = sentence.split()
return [word for word in words if 't' in word]

sentence = input("Enter a long string: ")

print(words_with_t(sentence))

Explanation:
words_with_t(sentence):
 Splits a sentence into individual words.
 Filters and returns words that contain the letter 't'.
 Highlights how to search for specific characters within words in a sentence.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-11 Write a program with a function view that takes a string parameter and displays
the abbreviation of the string.
Source Code:
Python
def abbreviate_string(string):
words = string.split()
abbreviation = '.'.join([word[0].upper() for word in words]) + '.'
return abbreviation

string = input("Enter a string: ")

print("Abbreviation:", abbreviate_string(string))

Explanation:
 abbreviate_string(string):
o Splits a string into words and takes the first letter of each word.
o Joins the first letters with dots to form an abbreviation.
o Converts the first letters to uppercase for standard abbreviation formatting.

Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-12 Write a program with a function interest that calculates simple interest.
Source Code:
Python
def simple_interest(principal, rate, time):
return (principal * rate * time) / 100

principal = float(input("Enter the principal amount: "))

rate = float(input("Enter the rate of interest: "))
time = float(input("Enter the time in years: "))
print("Simple Interest:", simple_interest(principal, rate, time))

Explanation:
simple_interest(principal, rate, time):
 Calculates simple interest using the formula ((P × R × T) / 100).
 Takes user inputs for principal, rate, and time.
 Returns the calculated simple interest.
Output:
NAME: HARSHIT RAWAT MCA (AI&DS) 1ST SEM ROLL NO. - 2401524

Q-13 Write a program with a function create_dictionary(tuple, tuple) that creates a new
dictionary. Another function show_dictionary(dict) displays the items of the dictionary
that have float values.
Source Code:
Python
def create_dictionary(keys, values):
return dict(zip(keys, values))

def show_dictionary(dictionary):
print("Items with float values:")
for key, value in dictionary.items():
if isinstance(value, float):
print(f"{key}: {value}")

keys = ('a', 'b', 'c')

values = (10.5, 25, 3.14)
dictionary = create_dictionary(keys, values)
show_dictionary(dictionary)

Explanation:
create_dictionary(keys, values) and show_dictionary(dictionary):
 create_dictionary() forms a dictionary from two lists using zip().
 show_dictionary() filters and prints dictionary items where the values are of type
float.
 Useful for handling and displaying specific data types within a dictionary.
Output: