Ramjas International School

Sector 4, R. K. Puram New Delhi - 110022

ANNUAL PRACTICAL EXAM

2024-25
COMPUTER SCIENCE
083
PROGRAM FILE
BATCH 2
Submit To: Submit By:
Mr. Gajendra Sharma Name: Ruchika Goyal
PGT Computer Science Class/Section: XI-D
Roll Number: 30
String Programs:
1. Find all the vowels in a given string.

def find_vowels(s):

vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"

found_vowels = [char for char in s if char in vowels]

return found_vowels

# Example usage

string = input("Enter a string: ")

vowel_list = find_vowels(string)

print("Vowels in the string:", vowel_list)

2. Count the number of words in a sentence.

# Function to count words in a sentence

def count_words(sentence):

words = sentence.split() # Split the sentence into words using spaces

return len(words) # Return the number of words

# Input from the user

text = input("Enter a sentence: ")

# Function call and output

word_count = count_words(text)

print("Number of words in the sentence:", word_count)

3. Replace all occurrences of a substring in a string.

# Function to replace all occurrences of a substring

def replace_substring(text, old_sub, new_sub):

return text.replace(old_sub, new_sub) # Using the replace() method

# Input from the user

text = input("Enter the original string: ")

old_sub = input("Enter the substring to be replaced: ")

new_sub = input("Enter the new substring: ")

# Function call and output

modified_text = replace_substring(text, old_sub, new_sub)

print("Modified string:", modified_text)

4. Check if a string starts and ends with the same character.

# Function to check if a string starts and ends with the same character def
check_start_end(string):

if len(string) == 0: # Check if the string is empty return False return string[0].lower() ==

string[-1].lower() # Compare first and last character (case-insensitive)

# Input from the user text = input("Enter a string: ")

# Function call and output if check_start_end(text):

print("The string starts and ends with the same character.")else:

print("The string does not start and end with the same character.")

5. Find the first non-repeating character in a string.

def first_non_repeating_char(s):

char_count = {}

# Count occurrences of each character for char in s:

char_count[char] = char_count.get(char, 0) + 1
 # Find the first character with a count of 1 for char in s:

if char_count[char] == 1: return cha return None

# Return None if no unique character is found

# Example Usage

s = "swiss" print(first_non_repeating_char(s)) # Output: "w"

List Programs:
6. Find the sum of all even numbers in a list.

def sum_of_evens(lst):

return sum(num for num in lst if num % 2 == 0)

# Example Usage

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

print(sum_of_evens(numbers)) # Output: 30

7. Split a list into two halves.

def split_list(lst):

mid = len(lst) // 2 # Find the middle index

return lst[:mid], lst[mid:]

# Example Usage

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

first_half, second_half = split_list(numbers)

print(first_half) # Output: [1, 2, 3]

print(second_half) # Output: [4, 5, 6, 7]

8. Find the product of all elements in a list.

def product_of_list(lst):
 product = 1 # Initialize product as 1

for num in lst:

product *= num # Multiply each element

return product

# Example Usage

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(product_of_list(numbers)) # Output: 120

9. Remove all occurrences of a specific element from a list.

def remove_element(lst, target):

new_list = [] # Create an empty list to store non-target elements for num in lst:

if num != target: # Keep only elements that are not equal to the target

new_list.append(num)

return new_list

# Example Usage

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 6]

target = 2

print(remove_element(numbers, target)) # Output: [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]

10.Find the index of the maximum element in a list.

def index_of_max(lst):

if not lst: # Check if the list is empty

return -1 # Return -1 if the list has no elements

max_index = 0 # Assume the first element is the maximum

max_value = lst[0]
 for i in range(1, len(lst)): # Start from index 1

if lst[i] > max_value:

max_value = lst[i]

max_index = i # Update max index return max_index

# Example Usage

numbers = [10, 25, 38, 45, 30, 45]

print(index_of_max(numbers)) # Output: 3 (first occurrence of 45)

Tuple Programs:
11.Convert a tuple of strings into a single concatenated string.

def concatenate_tuple_strings(tup):

result = "" # Initialize an empty string

for word in tup:

result += word # Concatenate each string

return result

# Example Usage

words = ("Hello", "World", "Python")

print(concatenate_tuple_strings(words)) # Output: "HelloWorldPython"

12.Find the length of each element in a tuple of strings.

def length_of_each_string(tup):

lengths = [] # Create an empty list to store length for word in tup:

lengths.append(len(word)) # Append length of each word return lengths

# Example Usage

words = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(length_of_each_string(words)) # Output: [5, 6, 6]

13.Unpack a tuple into several variables.

# Defining a tuple

fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

# Unpacking the tuple into variables

fruit1, fruit2, fruit3 = fruits

# Printing the variables

print(fruit1) # Output: apple

print(fruit2) # Output: banana

print(fruit3) # Output: cherry

14.Multiply all elements in a tuple of numbers.

def multiply_tuple_elements(tup):

product = 1 # Initialize product as 1for num in tup:

product *= num # Multiply each element return product

# Example Usage

numbers = (2, 3, 4, 5)

print(multiply_tuple_elements(numbers)) # Output: 120

15.Create a nested tuple and access its elements.

# Creating a nested tuple

 nested_tuple = ((1, 2, 3), ("apple", "banana", "cherry"), (True, False))

# Accessing elements

print(nested_tuple[0]) # Output: (1, 2, 3) -> First inner tuple

print(nested_tuple[1][1]) # Output: banana -> Second inner tuple, second element

print(nested_tuple[2][0]) # Output: True -> Third inner tuple, first element

Dictionary Programs:
16.Create a dictionary from two lists: one for keys, another for values.

def create_dict(keys, values):

dictionary = {} # Initialize an empty dictionary

for i in range(len(keys)): # Iterate over index positions

dictionary[keys[i]] = values[i] # Assign key-value pairs

return dictionary

# Example Usage

keys = ["name", "age", "city"]

values = ["Alice", 25, "New York"]

print(create_dict(keys, values))

# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}

17.Update the value of a specific key in a dictionary.

def update_value(dictionary, key, new_value):

if key in dictionary: # Check if the key exists

dictionary[key] = new_value # Update the value

else:
 print("Key not found!") # Message if the key is not in the dictionary

# Example Usage

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 16, "grade": "A"}

update_value(student, "age", 17) # Updating age from 16 to 17

print(student)

# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 17, 'grade': 'A'}

18.Remove a key-value pair from a dictionary.

def remove_key(dictionary, key):

return dictionary.pop(key, "Key not found!") # Removes key and returns value or
message

# Example Usage

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 16, "grade": "A"}

print(remove_key(student, "age")) # Output: 16 (removed value)

print(student)

# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'grade': 'A'}

19.Find the sum of all values in a numeric dictionary.

def sum_of_values(dictionary):

return sum(dictionary.values()) # Directly sum all values

# Example Usage

numbers = {"a": 10, "b": 20, "c": 30}

print(sum_of_values(numbers)) # Output: 60
20.Check if a value exists in a dictionary (not the key).

def value_exists(dictionary, target_value):

return target_value in dictionary.values() # Check directly

# Example Usage

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 16, "grade": "A"}

print(value_exists(student, 16)) # Output: True

print(value_exists(student, "B")) # Output: False