REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF TOURISM, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
Name: Perez, Hazina A. Section: BSTM 1-4N
Assignment
1. How did early forms of tourism manifest in ancient civilizations, and what were the primary
motivations for travel in these early periods?
The pharaohs began to take advantage of the abundance of good building stone in
the Nile valley to build their elaborate burial tombs. They included the Step Pyramid
of Djoser, the Sphinx, the three great pyramids at Giza, and the pyramid complex at
Abusir. These great outdoor wonders began attracting large numbers, each
monument was a hallowed spot, so the visitors always spent some moments in
prayer, yet their prime motivation was curiosity or disinterested enjoyment, not
religion.
Romans also journeyed to see famous temples in the Mediterranean area,
particularly the pyramids and monuments of Egypt. Greece and Asia Minor were
popular destinations, offering the Olympic Games, medicinal baths and seaside
resorts, theatrical productions, festivals, athletic competitions, and other forms of
amusement and entertainment. The Roman combination of empire, roads, the need
for overseeing the empire, wealth, leisure, tourist attractions, and the desire for travel
created a demand for accommodations and other tourist services that came into
being as an early form of tourism.
Buddhism became established, even more sacred sites were added. Much ancient
travel was thus for pilgrimage, embedded in the beliefs of the god kings.
2. What was the significance of the Grand Tour in European culture, and how did it shape the
concept of educational travel and cultural exchange?
The Grand Tour of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was made by
diplomats, businesspeople, and scholars who traveled to Europe, mainly to the cities
of France and Italy. It became fashionable for scholars to study in Paris, Rome,
Florence, and other cultural centers. Although making the Grand Tour began as an
educational travel and cultural exchange experience, it has been criticized as
eventually degenerating into the simple pursuit of pleasure.
3. How did "spas" contribute to the growth of the tourism industry?
Spas are now an integral component of market expectations for resort areas. Having
a robust, well regulated, aptly trained and up to date labor force, builds upon the
offering of tourism destinations and thus, contributes to its growth. To put it another
way, a resort destination with no spas would most probably have a lower capture
than areas that do offer them.
4. In what way did the Industrial Revolution lay the foundations of modern tourism?
The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes in the scale and type of
tourism development. Social changes made travel desirable as a recreational
activity. Increase in productivity, regular employment, and growing urbanization gave
more people the motivation and opportunity to go on a holiday. The middle class
combined higher incomes and growing education into annual holidays.
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF TOURISM, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
5. What were the key characteristics and developments of tourism in the 19th and 20th
centuries? How did factors such as increased leisure time, disposable income, and
transportation innovations impact travel during this period?
Tourism in the 19th Century, the railroads created not only more business, but also
more competition as various private companies invested heavily in hotels, resorts
and entertainment facilities. The use of steam powers provided increased mobility. It
provided reliable and inexpensive transportation. Travel organizers emerged. The
first and most famous was Thomas Cook. While tourism in the 20th Century, forms of
travel began to change. The railways as a means of travel declined with the
introduction of the motor car WWII also led to increased interest in travel. Another
outcome of war was the progress in aircraft technology.
6. Trace the development of tourism in the Philippines
Tourism industry in the Philippines has been identified as one of the powerful
engines for a strong and sustained economic growth. To determine whether the
Philippine tourism industry is moving towards sustainable development, this paper
explores the evolution of the tourism industry in the Philippines by tracing its
historical transformations and determining its typology. Four major periods have
been recognized, namely: 1. pre-martial law era (years before 1972); 2. martial law
era (1972-1986); 3. post-martial law era (1986-2000); and 4. 21st century era (2001-
present). The eras are based on the country's major political regimes. Corresponding
events and numerous initiatives undertaken by the government agencies, non-
government organizations and private sectors that significantly affect the tourism
industry are described and analyzed. It is concluded that tourism is a well-
established industry in the Philippines that contributes to an inclusive economic
growth of the country. The continued concerted efforts of all the stakeholders of the
industry in the implementation of all these initiatives will surely lead to a sustainable
Philippine tourism.
7. How have international travel patterns changed over time, and what factors have influenced
these shifts? In what ways has globalization affected tourism flows between countries and
regions?
International travel patterns have shifted significantly due to factors like economic
development, technological advancements, and globalization. Globalization on
tourism is a greater awareness of destinations and the range of leisure activities,
sites, and cultures to visit around the world. Generating knowledge of a destination is
obviously a key first step in marketing a destination, and this is achieved by way of
travel shows, films, social media, and other forms of communication. The competition
to attract visitors is fierce considering the sheer number of places available for travel;
it can be easy to get lost in the noise of global competition.
8. Explain the factors which fostered the growth of tourism.
Factors contributing to global tourism growth include economic development,
improved transport, globalization, cultural exchange, and advancements in education
and communication, fostering international travel for economic, cultural, and political
reasons.
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF TOURISM, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
References:
Añasco, Cherry & Lizada, Joy. (2017). Philippine Tourism: Evolution towards Sustainability. SHS
Web of Conferences. 12. 10.1051/shsconf/20141201032.
Westcott, M., & Eds, W. A. (2021, June 4). 14.1 Globalization and the tourism industry.
Pressbooks. https://opentextbc.ca/introtourism2e/chapter/globalization-and-the-tourism-industry/
