General Math Scope and Sequence
Developing Number Sense
Building Number Concepts Problem Solving
Semester A: Developing Number Sense
Unit 1 Addition
• Determine the place value of digits in a whole number.
• Find sums of whole numbers with and without regrouping.
• Round and estimate with whole numbers.
Unit 2 Subtraction
• Understand the relationship between basic and extended
subtraction facts.
• Solve whole number subtraction problems using a variety
of strategies.
• Estimate the solution to problems by rounding.
Working with Data
• Identify the question being asked in a word problem.
• Solve word problems using whole number
subtraction.
Unit 3 Multiplication
• Understand the relationship between basic and expanded
multiplication.
• Recognize and factor out powers of 10 from multiplication
problems.
• Estimate the solution to whole number multiplication
problems.
• Understand the role of place value in multiplication.
• Understand the concept of multiplication as repeated addition.
Connections to Measurement, Geometry, and Rates
• Understand multiplication through linear
measurement.
• Understand multiplication through an area model.
• Understand the concept of rates.
Unit 4 Division
• Understand the relationship between multiplication and
division.
• Solve problems using basic and extended division facts.
• Understand the role of place value in division.
• Understand the concept of the remainder.
Connections to Measurement and the Two Basic
Division Questions
• Connect division to linear measurement and the
concept of partitioning.
• Understand division through an area model.
• Understand division through two basic questions:
– “How many groups?”
– “How many in each group?”
Unit 5 Factors, Primes, Composites
• Factor whole numbers using a variety of methods.
• Determine if a given number is prime or composite.
• Find the prime factorization of a whole number.
Area and Perimeter
• Explore the relationship between perimeter and
area of shapes.
• Discover and use area formulas for triangles and
parallelograms.
• Find the area of irregularly shaped objects.
Unit 6 Common Factors and Number Patterns
• Find common factors for whole numbers using a variety
of methods.
• Identify the greatest common factor for two or more whole
numbers.
• Explore patterns in odd, even, and square numbers.
Properties of Shapes
• Group shapes based on common properties.
• Explore congruence and similarity of shapes.
• Expand and contract shapes on a grid.
Unit 7 More Number Patterns and Common Multiples
• Understand the relationships between triangular and square
numbers.
• Use exponents to show repeated multiplication.
• Identify common multiples of two or more whole numbers.
Translations, Reflections, Rotations, and Symmetry
• Recognize translations, reflections, and rotations in
shapes.
• Use tangrams to explore the properties of shapes.
• Understand line and rotational symmetry.
Unit 8 Concept of Fractions
• Recognize common fractions and decimal numbers between
whole numbers.
• Represent fractions using shapes, fraction bars, and
number lines.
• Find equivalent fractions and compare fractions.
Unit 9 Adding and Subtracting Fractions
• Add and subtract fractions with like and unlike denominators.
• Find the least common multiple of two or more whole
numbers.
• Use least common multiples to find common denominators.
Converting Units of Measurement
• Understand common units of measurement.
• Convert units using a conversion table.
• Measure objects to the nearest 1/4 inch.
Semester B: Making Sense of Rational Numbers
Unit 1 Concept of Fractions and Part-to-Whole Relationships
• Understand the location of fractions on the
number line.
• Understand the concept of fair shares.
• Partition the whole into a unit fraction.
Fraction Models
• Iterate the unit fraction to find a proper or improper fraction.
• Work from a fractional part to the whole.
• Understand the concepts of proper and improper fractions.
Unit 2 Magnitude, Equivalence, and the Addition and
Subtraction of Fractions
• Understand the magnitude of fractions.
• Understand the concept of equivalent fractions.
• Understand the algorithm for adding and subtracting
fractions.
• Understand why we need to change the
denominator(s) when we add and subtract fractions.
Fraction Models
• Apply concept of magnitude using number lines.
• Apply concept of equivalence using number lines and
Cuisenaire rods.
• Use Cuisenaire rods to show why fractions with unlike
denominators need common denominators before they are
added or subtracted.
• Solve fraction problems using addition and subtraction.
Unit 3 Multiplication and Division of Fractions
• Use models to show multiplication and division of
fractions.
• Understand how multiplication and division of
fractions is different from whole numbers.
• Use the traditional methods to multiply and divide
fractions.
Unit 4 Working with Mixed Numbers
• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide mixed numbers.
• Use approximations to estimate answers to problems
involving fractions and mixed numbers.
Unit 5 The Concept of Decimal Numbers
• Understand the relationship between fractions and
decimals.
• Convert fractions to decimal numbers and decimal
numbers to fractions.
• Use strategies to round decimal numbers.
Unit 6 Operations on Decimal Numbers
• Demonstrate addition and subtraction of decimal
numbers.
• Use models to show multiplication and division of
decimal numbers.
• Use models to show multiplication and division of
decimals.
Area of Two-Dimensional Shapes
• Use formulas to find the area of rectangles, triangles, and other
quadrilaterals.
• Develop an understanding of the parts of a circle.
• Find the circumference and area of a circle.
Unit 7 Understanding Percent
• Understand percent as a rational number.
• Connect the concept of percent to fractions and
decimals.
• Convert back and forth between decimal numbers
and percent.
• Understand the magnitude of percent numbers.
Understanding Probability
• Understand chance as a value between 0 and 1.
• Represent chance through trees and tables.
• Calculate small probabilities using multiplication.
• Understand the difference between experimental and theoretical
probabilities.
• Understand the importance of randomness in probability.
• Conduct repeated samples to confirm or find a value for the
population.
Unit 8 Integers
• Use integers to represent values greater than and less
than zero.
• Use a number line to order and compare integers.
• Use models to add and subtract integers.
Finding Points on a Graph
• Read, create, and interpret dot graphs.
• Use a coordinate grid to graph x- and y-coordinates.
• Recognize and describe symmetry on a coordinate graph.
Unit 9 Operations on Integers
• Use rules for integer operations to solve problems.
• Use models to show multiplication and division of
integers.
• Multiply and divide integers.
