IEEE 1547.

1 Overview
IEEE P1547.1 Draft Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
DOE High-Tech Inverter Workshop Codes and Standards Development October 13 14, 2004 Tom Basso, Ben Kroposki National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Presentation Outline

IEEE 1574.1 Interconnection Test Std Test Procedure Validation

IEEE 1547 Series

IEEE 1547-2003 - Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

This standard covers technical and testing requirements

IEEE 1547.1 Draft Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

This standard has detailed test procedures for meeting the requirements in IEEE 1547

IEEE 1547 Technical Requirements

General Requirements
Voltage Regulation Integration with Area EPS Grounding Synchronization Secondary and Spot Networks Inadvertent Energizing of the Area EPS Monitoring Isolation Device

Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions

Voltage Disturbances Frequency Disturbances Disconnection for Faults Loss of Synchronism Feeder Reclosing Coordination

Power Quality
Limitation of DC Injection Limitation of Voltage Flicker Induced by the DR Immunity Protection Harmonics Surge Capability

Islanding

IEEE Std 1547.1 (Conformance Test Procedures)

Scope
This standard specifies the Type, Production, and Commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that the interconnection functions and equipment of the DR conform to IEEE Std. 1547.

Purpose
Interconnection equipment that connects DR to an EPS must meet the requirements specified in IEEE 1547. Standardized test procedures are necessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements. These test procedures must provide both repeatable results, independent of test location, and flexibility to accommodate the variety of DR technologies.

Schedule
Draft 5.1 Issued summer 2004 for preparing ballot draft Plan to ballot P1547.1 Draft Standard in December 2004

IEEE Std 1547.1

Type (Design), Production and Commissioning Tests
5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.1 Temperature Stability
This test verifies that the interconnection equipment maintains measurement accuracy of parameters over its specified temperature range.

5.2 Response to Abnormal Voltage

This test verifies that DR interconnection component or system ceases to energize the Area EPS as specified in IEEE 1547 with respect to overvoltage conditions. This test determines the magnitude and trip time for each overvoltage function.

5.3 Response to Abnormal Frequency

Same as Voltage except for abnormal frequency

5.4 Synchronization
This test demonstrates the interconnection equipment will accurately and reliably synchronize to the Area EPS according the requirements of IEEE 1547. Two basic test methods are provided: Method 1 verifies that a synchronization control function will cause the paralleling device to close only when key synchronization parameters are within allowable limits; Method 2 determines the magnitude of the synchronization startup current.

IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests

5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.5 Interconnection Integrity
These tests includes 1) Protection From Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), 2) Surge Withstand Performance, and a 3) dielectric test on the paralleling device. These tests are based on protocol in IEEE C37.90.1, C37.90.2, C62.41.2, and C62.45.

5.6 DC injection
This test verifies that an inverter-based DR system complies with the DC current injection limit specified in of IEEE 1547.

5.7 Unintentional Islanding

This test provides a means to determine that a DR or its interconnection system will cease to energize the connection with the Area EPS when an unintentional island condition is present. This test is currently based on matching the DR output to a resonant load.

5.8 Reverse Power

Since one of the ways in which DR often meet the unintentional islanding requirement is to use a reverse or minimum power relay, this test is performed to characterize the accuracy of the reverse-power protection magnitude setting(s) of the interconnection equipment.

IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests

5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.9 Cease to Energize Functionality and Loss of Phase
This test verifies that DR interconnection system ceases to energize the Area EPS as specified in IEEE 1547 with respect to individual open phase conditions.

5.10 Reconnect Time

This test verifies the functionality of the DR interconnection component or system reconnect timer, which delays the DR reconnection to the Area EPS following a trip event.

5.11 Harmonics
This test measures the individual current harmonics and total demand distortion (TDD) of the DR interconnection component or system under normal operating conditions and see that they are within the limits of IEEE 1547.

5.12 Flicker
No specific type test procedures since flicker is site dependent

IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests

6 - Production Tests
Production tests verify the operability of every unit of interconnect equipment manufactured for customer use.

Response to Abnormal Voltage Response to Abnormal Frequency Synchronization 7 - Commissioning Tests

Commissioning tests are conducted after the interconnection system is installed and is ready for operation.

Verification and Inspections Field Conducted type and Production Tests

IEEE Std 1547.1 Tests

incorporated into UL1741 for product pre-certification NREL Interconnection Pre-Certification Approach

IEEE 1547
Interconnection System Requirements Voltage Regulation Grounding Disconnects Monitoring Islanding

IEEE 1547.1
Interconnection System Testing O/U Voltage and Frequency Synchronization EMI Surge Withstand DC injection Harmonics Islanding Reconnection

UL 1741
Interconnection Equipment Construction Protection against risks of injury to persons Rating, Marking Specific DR Tests for various technologies

Interconnection Testing
Distributed Energy Resources Interconnection Technologies
Functions
Fuel Cell PV

Electric Power Systems

Utility Grid

Power Conversion Power Conditioning (PQ)

Inverter

Protection DER and Load Control Ancillary Services Communications Metering

Microturbine

Utility Grid Simulator Micro Grids

Wind Energy Storage

Loads
Local Loads Load Simulators

Switchgear, Relays, & Controls Generator

Testing Summary
This presentation outlines some of the specific interconnection tests being validated for inclusion in IEEE 1547.1. Generic monitoring, measurement, and testing strategies could be useful in P1547.1. The file size, sampling rate, and correct sampling window were significant factors of testing that could be mentioned in P1547.1. Advice and warnings of issues to be aware of to aid smooth and accurate testing should also be included. Some values from the earlier draft of P1547.1 standard were incompatible with the testing setup and will need modification. This information has been passed on to members of the IEEE P1547.1 working group for revision in future drafts. Care must be taken to test each parameter individually without other protective functions operating. For More Information and Copies of the full testing reports go to www.eren.doe.gov/distributedpower or www.nrel.gov

NREL Testing Capabilities

Microturbines

3 AC Buses

Grid Simulator Diesel Generators

Utility Grid

Inverters

Wind Turbines

3 DC Buses Battery Banks Load Simulators Fuel Cells PV Array

Electrolyzer

NREL Testing Capabilities

DC Bus Allows up to 10 DC device (Battery, PV) connections Switch Panel Computer controlled. Allows tester to easily configure systems. Ability to run 3 independent systems simultaneously.

AC Bus (3Phase, 480V, 400A rated) Allows up to 15 AC device (inverters, microturbine, generators) connections

Interconnection Equipment Testing Examples

GE Universal Interconnection Technology (UIT)

ASCO Soft-Load Transfer Switch Validation of IEEE P1547 Interconnection Standard Tests Over/Under Voltage and Frequency Response Unintentional islanding test

Test Results System Configuration

Transfer Switch

Onan 125kW Generator 200kW Grid Simulator

Programmable Load Banks

Test Results IEEE 1547 Response Times

Response to Abnormal Voltage Voltage Range
(Based on 480 V)

Response to Abnormal Frequency DR SIZE 30 kW Frequency Range (Hz) >60.5 <59.3 >60.5 >30 kW <{59.857.0}
(adjustable setpoint)

Clearing Time (s) 0.16 2 1 0.16

Clearing Time (s) 0.16 0.16 0.16 Adjustable 0.16300 0.16

V<240 240V<422.4 528<V<576 V576

<57.0

Testing Results
Testing Results from ASCO SLTS Underfrequency Magnitude Test
f (Hz) 59.4

59.2 2 sec 136 sec t (s)

Table 1. Underfrequency Magnitude

Underfrequency Magnitude Trial Number Trip Frequency 1 59.301 2 59.311 3 59.298 4 59.312 5 59.284 Average 59.301 Setting 59.3

Testing Results
Testing Results from ASCO SLTS Underfrequency Time Test
1.58s
f (Hz) 59.4

59 20 sec 0.2 msec t (s)

Underfrequency Time

Underfrequency Time Trial Number Trip Time (s) 1 1.58 2 1.48 3 1.58 4 1.57 5 1.54 Average 1.55 Required 1.70

Testing Results
Testing Results from ASCO SLTS Overvoltage Magnitude Test
V 500 515

480

15 sec

300 sec t

Overvoltage Magnitude
Overvoltage Magnitude Trial Number Trip Voltage 1 504.300 2 502.500 3 504.700 4 504.600 5 504.150 Average 504.050 Setting 504.0

Testing Results
Testing Results from ASCO SLTS Overvoltage Time Test
V 510

500

DG Disconnect
480 60 sec

t =0.2 ms

15 sec

Exceed Trip Point

Overvoltage Time
Overvoltage Time Trial Number Trip Time (s) 1 0.436 2 0.428 3 0.378 4 0.396 5 0.468 Average 0.421 Required 1.00

Testing Results
Testing Results from ASCO SLTS Unintentional Islanding IEEE 1547 requirement is to disconnect within 2 seconds of island formation

ASCO SLTS

Utility Grid Simulator

Utility Breaker

Generator Breaker

Diesel Generato r

Utility Load Anti-islanding test setup

Local Load

Testing Results
Testing Results from ASCO SLTS Unintentional Islanding
Clearing Time of Anti-Islanding Deadband Settings for a Range of Loads at 0.90 Diesel Power Factor
30 25 Did not trip in 3 minutes

Clearing Time (sec)

25% Load
20 15 10

50% Load

100% Load

2-Second Required Trip Time 5 0 Off

Anti-Islanding Deadband Setting

0.1

0.05

0.03

Testing Results GE UIT

Size of Non-Detect Zone (NDZ) reduces as power level increases
Results from anti-islanding NDZ testing. Active Load Power NDZ Size (% of DG output Reactive Load ( (kW) Mismatch PDG, nom) (kW) kVAR) (kW) 23 20 36 3 2.4 37.5 35 62.5 2.5 2.0 50 80 51.25 81.5 90 144 1.25 1.5 1.0 1.2

Examine the effects of switching in load while the DG was islanded and supplying a local load. That is, after the DG and load islanded (without being detected), how much load step would cause the island to be detected.
The test showed that steps less than 0.8% transient power would not cause the DG to trip. Using small DG steps, the DG would continue to remain connected even if total change is much larger (up to rating of DG).