Matoshri Education Society’s
Matoshri Institute of Technology, Yeola
Vision
"Transforming rural students into
competent engineering profession by
providing academic excellence through
value based and skill oriented
education."
Mission
M1. To prepare the students for attaining the knowledge of
engineering fields.
M2. To regulate the faculty into modern technology
establishing the liaison with industry.
M3. To prepare students for successful employment in
industry, self-enterprise and higher education by using
modern engineering tools with supportive faculties.
M4. To develop responsible citizen through awareness and
ethical values.
[i]
[iii]
Matoshri Education Society’s
Matoshri Institute of Technology, Yeola
Department of Civil Engineering
Vision
“To transmit relevant value based
technical education for the rural students
by arranging scientific and practical education
in civil industry”
Mission
M1. Tune up the faculty into modern technology
establishing the liaison with industry
M2. To ensure optimal utilization available resources.
M3. To produce technically skilled manpower to the
industry and technology.
M4. To instill strong ethical practices and values.
M5. To encourage the students to become self-sufficient
and self-employed.
[ii]
Matoshri Education Society’s
Matoshri Institute of Technology Yeola
Department of Civil Engineering
Course Title: CPE Course code: 22060
List of COs: -
a) Implement planed activity individual and /or as team.
b) Select, collect and use required information knowledge to
solve the identified Problem.
c) Take appropriate decision based on collected and analysed
information.
d) Ensure quality of product.
e) Incorporate energy and environment conservation principles.
f) Consider the ethical issues related to the project (if there are
any).
g) Assess the impact of the project on the society (if there are
any).
h) Communicate effectively and confidently as a member and
leader of team.
i) Prepare Project report after performing due plagiarism check
using appropriate tools.
[v]
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI
A
Project Report
On
“Alternating Design of Transverse Reinforcement for
Concrete Beam”
Submitted by-
Ms.Bornare Roshani Dhandhiram
Ms.Pagare Asmita Namdev
Ms.Gaikwad Shilpa Laxman
Ms.Padwal Savita Dhyaneshwar
Mr.Khairnar Tejasrao Pandurang
Under Guidance of
Prof. Shinde R.M.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATOSHRI INSTITUDE OF TECHOLOGY,
YEOLA (NASHIK)
2023-2024
[vii]
MATOSHRI EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
MATOSHRI INSTITUDE OF TECHNOLOGY, YEOLA (NASHIK)
ANNEXURE A
This is to certify to
Ms.Bornare Roshani Dhandhiram
Ms.Pagare Asmita Namdev
Ms.Gaikwad Shilpa Namdev
Ms.Padwal Savita Dhyaneshwar
Mr.Khairnar Tejasrao Pandurang
From Matoshri Institute Of Technology, Dhanore, Yeola Institute Has Completed
Project of final year having title “Alternating Design of Transverse Reinforcement
for Concrete Beam” during the academic year 2024- 2025. The project Completed in
group of consisting of Five persons under the guidance of the Prof. Shinde R.M.
Date:
Place: Yeola
Mr. Shinde R,M,. Mr. Shinde R.M..
Guide H.O.D
Mr. Gujarathi G.S.
External Examiner Principal
[viii]
ANNEXURE B
Portfolio for Self Directed Learning for Major
Project Work
Name of Student:
Ms.Bornare Roshani Dhandhiram (493671)
Ms.Pagare Asmita Namdev (493670)
Ms.Gaikwad Shilpa Namdev (493696)
Ms.Padwal Savita Dhyaneshwar (493694)
Mr.Khairnar Tejasrao Pandurang (493661)
Name of Program : Civil Engineering Semester: VI
Course Title & Code : CPE (22060)
Title of Capstone Project: Alternating Design of Transverse
Reinforcement for Concrete Beam
Name of Project Guide: Mr.Shinde R.M.
Name of Polytechnic: Matoshri Institute of Technology, Yeola
[ix]
A. POs addressed by the Capstone Project
a) Apply knowledge of basic engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization.
b) Identify and analyze well define engineering problems using codified standard methods.
c) Design solutions for well define technical problems and assist with design of system
component or processes to meet specified needs.
d) Apply appropriate technology in context of society, sustainability, environment and ethical
practices.
e) Use engineering management principals individually as a team member or a leader to manage
projects and effectively communicate about well defined engineering activities. f) Ability to
analyze individual needs and engage in updating in the context of technological changes
B. COs addressed by the Capstone Project:
a) Implement the planned activity individually or in team
b) Select, Collect and use required information to solve the problem.
c) Ensure the Quality of project
d) Assess the impact of project of society
e) Communicate effectively and confidently as a member
f) Prepare project report after performing due plagiarism check using appropriate tool
PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT (PA) Sheet
Sr. no. Criteria Max Marks Marks
Obtained
1. Problem Identification/Project Title
2. Punctuality and Overall contribution 10
3. Project Diary
4. Execution of plan during sixth semester 20
5. Project Report including documentation 15
6. Presentation 05
Total 50
Page 1 of 44
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel Great pleasure to present the project entitled “Alternating Design of Transverse
Reinforcement for Concrete Beam..” But it would be unfair on our part if I do not
acknowledge efforts of some of the people without the support of whom, this project
would not have been a success.
First and for most I am very much thankful to my respected Guide Mr. Shinde R.M. for
his leading guidance in this project. He has been persistent source of inspiration to me.
I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to HOD Mr.Shinde R.M.
Principle Mr. Gujrathi G.S. & project coordinator Mr .Savantsarkar O.N. for his valuable
support.
Most importantly I would like to express our sincere gratitude towards my Friends &
Family for always being there when I needed them most.
Ms.BornareRoshani Dhandhiram (23651820393)
Ms.Pagare Asmita Namdev (23651820390)
Ms.Gaikwad Shilpa Namdev (23651820372)
Ms.Padwal Savita Dhyaneshwar (22117110234)
Mr.Khairnar Tejasrao Pandurang ( 22117110027)
Page of 45
2
CONTENTS
Chapter No. Name of Topic
Page No.
01
Program Outcomes 02
Acknowledgement 03
Content
05
List of Figures
List Of Tables 06
Abstract 07
1.
08
09
INTRODUCTION 09
1.1 Share Strength Of Concrete 09
1.1.1 Share Strength Of Beam Without Stirrups 09
1.1.2 Shear Strength of beam with Vertical Stirrups 09
1.1.3 Shear Strength of beam with inclined stirrups 10
1.1.4 Shear Strength of beam with Vertical Stirrups & bent 10
up bars combine 10
1.2. Definition of Concrete 11
1.2.1 History of Concrete 11
1.2.2 Advantages of Concrete 11
1.2.3 Need for Enhancement of Concrete
1.3 Durability Requirements
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 12
2.1 National and Internat 12
Page 3 of 44
3. OBJECTIVES AND OTHER 16
16
3.1 Objectives 19
3.2 Research Gap 20
3.3 Problem Statement 20
3.3 Future Scope
4 MATERIALS 23
23
4.1 Cement 23
4.1.1 Hydration of Cement
4.1.2 Heat of Hydration
4.1.3 Water Requirements for hydration
4.2 Aggregates
4.2.1 . Classification
4.2.2. Shape
4.2.3. Strength
4.2.4. Aggregate Crushing
4.2.5. Absorption and Moisture Content
4.2.6. Grading of Aggregates
4.2.7 . Sieve Analysis
4.3. Water
4.4 Reinforcement
4.5 Form work
5 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Test on cement
5.1.1 Fineness Test
5.1.2 Standard consistency test.
5.1.2.1 Definition:
5.1.2.2 Procedure:
5.1.2.3 Testing consistency of cement:
5.1.3 Setting time of cement
5.2 Tests on Aggregate
5.2.1 Fineness modulus and grading of aggregate
5.2.2. Flakiness index of aggregate :
4
6. METHODOLOGY 28
6.1 Introduction 28
6.1.1 Workability 28
6.1.2 Compaction 28
6.1.3 Curing 29
6.1.4 Demoulding of Specimens 29
6.2 Testing of Concrete 29
6.2.1 Test Conducted on Hardened Concrete
6.2.2 Compressive Strength Test
6.3 Curing of Concrete
6.4 Testing
6.5 Experimental study
6.6 Casting of Cubes
6.8 Casting of beam
6.9 Materials for casting
6.9.1 Cement
6.9.2 Fine aggregate
6.9.3 Coarse aggregate
6.9.4 Water
6.9.5 Reinforcing steel
6.9.6 Form work
6.10 Mixing of concrete
6.10.1 Preparation of formwork
6.11 Concrete Manufacturing for Beam
6.11.1 Batching of Materials
6.11.2 Mixing
6.11.3 Transportation
6.11.4 Placing
6.11.5 Procedure for placing
6.11.6 Compaction
6.12 Curing of concrete
6.13 Testing Setup for Flexural Test on Reinforced Concrete
Beams
6.14 Testing Procedure
6.15 Flexural Test on Beam
7. RESULTS
7.1 Results of Flexural Test on Reinforced Concrete Beams
7.2 Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams
6. REFERANCES 30
PHOTOGALLERY 32 to 38
Page 5 of 44
Page 6 of 44
LIST OF FIGURES AND BAR CHARTS
fig. no. Name of figures page no.
4.2 Compressive Strength Test on Cube Specimen 23
4.3.1 Graphical representation of 07 days compressive Strength of Concrete 26
4.3.2 Graphical representation of 14 days compressive Strength of Concrete 26
4.3.3 Graphical representation of 28 days compressive Strength of Concrete 27
4.3.4 Graphical representation of 07 & 14& 28 days of Compressive Strength 27
of Concrete
Page 7 of 44
LIST OF TABLES
fig. no. name of tables page no.
3.1 Chemical Composition of Cement 16
3.2 Composition of Egg Shell 17
4.2.1 07 Days of Compressive Strength of Concrete 24
4.2.2 14 Days of Compressive Strength of Concrete 24
4.2.3 28 Days of Compressive Strength of Concrete 25
Page 8 of 44
ABSTRACT
In this study, a testing on beams has been performed to compare the shear resisting
capacities between old shape two leg stirrups and new design stirrups. Resisting the shear force
is one of the important features of shear reinforcement. The shear reinforcement represent
function of it. The reinforced concrete beams with two leg vertical stirrups and new designed
stirrups are tested. The beams are tested under single point load (flexural strength test).
The structural performance and economic efficiency of reinforced concrete beams
depend significantly on the design and distribution of transverse reinforcement, commonly
implemented in the form of stirrups to resist shear forces. Conventional design practices
typically involve the use of uniformly spaced stirrups throughout the length of the beam,
following standardized code recommendations. While this method ensures structural safety, it
often leads to over-reinforcement in regions with lower shear demands, resulting in excessive
material usage and increased labor costs. In response to these challenges, this research
investigates an innovative and more efficient method: the alternating design of transverse
reinforcement, which varies the spacing and configuration of stirrups along the beam in
accordance with the actual shear force distribution.
The primary objective of this study is to develop and validate an optimized shear
reinforcement strategy that reduces material consumption without compromising the structural
integrity, ductility, and serviceability of concrete beams. The proposed alternating design
method incorporates.
9
Page of 45
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