06.2013 Palakneeti June2013
06.2013 Palakneeti June2013
- àH$me ~waQ>o
                                                              _wcm§Zr V`ma Ho$coë`m                nm b H$ Zr Vr
eãXq~~- _moOUmè`m VmocUmè`m eãXm§Mr J§_V
                                                             àH$ën Ahdmcm§Mr ZoQ>H$s              nmbH$Ëdmbm dm{hbo b o _m{gH$
{deof {d^mJ- H$_cm qZ~H$a ~mc^dZ                                      _wIn¥ð>o
               emio{df`rMo coI
                                                                                                             g§nmXH$
                                                                                                        g§OrdZr Hw$cH$Uu
                                                                                                         g§nmXH$ _§S>i
                                                                                                  4     Zr{b_m ghña~wÜXo
                                                                                                  4     d§XZm Hw$bH$Uu
                                                                                                  4     {à`§dXm ~ma^mB©
                                                                                                  4     ew^Xm Omoer
                                                                                                  dm{f©H$ AmOrd
                                                                                                   dJ©Ur dJ©Ur
                                                                                                  é.200 é.2500
                                                                                                    dJ©UrMm MoH$ / S—>mâQ>
                                                                                                    "nmbH$ZrVr n[adma'
                                                                                                      `m ZmdmZo H$mT>mdm.
                                                                                                             g§nH©$ :
                                                                                                     nmcH$ZrVr n[adma,
                                                                                  nyduMo OZOrdZ         A_¥Vm pŠb{ZH$,
                                                                                                       g§^mOr nyb H$monam,
                                                                                                  H$d} añVm, nwUo - 411004.
                                                                                                  ) -020-25441230,
                                                                                                             25673596
d¥ï>rMr {d{dY ê$no - nO©Ý`, {h_, Jmam                                                             palakneeti@gmail.com
                                                                                                  www.palakneeti.org
g§nmXH$, _wÐH$, àH$meH$ d _mcH$ - S>m°. g§OrdZr Hw$bH$Uu                                          nmbH$ZrVr n[admamMo àH$meZ
                                                                                                                                 nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       Amho.                                           {eH$m`bm {_imb§ H$s AmZ§XmZ§ {eH$VmV,         Ë`m§Zr {ZdS>boë`m {df`m§da BW§ _moR>çm§Zr
                           `m emioVM Am_Mr AmUIr EH$m AJXr             `mda emioMm AT>i {dœmg Amho.                  A{O~mV hñVjon, T>dimT>di H$mhrhr Ho$bobr
                       gmÜ`mgwÜ`m nU {dbjU {ejH$mer - XÎmm                  {ZînÎmrda AmYm[aV JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejUmMr    Zmhr. Ë`m_wio _wbm§Zm Og§ OmUdV§ Vg§, {ZVm§V
                       A{hdi|er JmR> nS>br hmoVr. AmO {ejUh¸$          g_mZ g§Yr gdmªZm {_imbrM nm{hOo, ho AmO       gmYonUmZ§ Ë`m§Zr _m§S>bb
                                                                                                                                            o § Amho. ho {df` _wbm§Zr
    3                  H$m`ÚmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZ§ AmnU gdmª Z r               {ejUh¸$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m {Z`_m§Zr ~m§YZy {Xë`mZ§,    {b{hÊ`mMo AmhoV H$s ZmhrV, Agm Hw$R>bmhr
{Z`_-{ZH$f BW§ bmdbobm Zmhr. ho                                                         Q>miUo eŠ` hmoB©b Aer Amem H$ê$`m.
_bm gJù`m nmbH${ejH$m§Zm AJXr                                                           kmZaMZmdmXmZw g ma AmH$bZ / ~mo Y Z
gm§Jm`M§M Amho.                                                                         hmo Ê `mgmR>r CnH« $ _ _hÎdmMo AgVmV.
     R> a db§ Va {ejUmÀ`mM H$m`                                                         CnH«$_mV, {ZîH$f© _mhrV ZgUmao à`moJ, {ZgJ©
Hw$R>ë`mhr joÌmV Mm§Jb§ H$mhr H$aVm                                                     {ZarjUo, àH$ën, {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m JQ>MMm©,
`oV§, ho Amnë`mbm _mhrV AgV§M.                                                          eãX-A{^Z`-g§ J rV-JrV-{MÌ-B.
nU Vo g_mo a ~Km`bm {_imb§ ,                                                            _mÜ`_m§VyZ hmoUmao gmXarH$aU `m§Mm g_mdoe
dmMm`bm {_imb§ H$s Amnë`mbmhr                                                           hmoVmo. Zì`m {ejUnÕVr_Ü`o CnH«$_ ho
                                                                                        {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ ~Zdm`Mo Amho . na§ V w
H$mhr gwMm`bm bmJV§. _Zm§_Ü`o H$mhr                          à{VgmX                     CnH«$_m§À`m OmoS>rZo Ë`mda qMVZ/{dMma Am{U
Zd§, AmJi§doJi§ `m`bm bmJV§. ~Xc
                                                                                        g§dmX Amdí`H$ AgVmo. qMVZ/{dMma Am{U
KSy> eH$VmV, KS>VmV `mda {dœmg
~gy cmJVmo. H$qZ~m_Ü`o V`ma Pmboë`m         {ejU-_mÜ`_mÀ`m                              g§dmXmgmR>r ^mfm Amdí`H$ AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r
                                                                                        àmW{_H$ Am{U H$mhr A§ e r _mÜ`{_H$
H$ënZm hr Ë`m emioMr Agbr Var               AmJ«hmVrb JwV§ mJwV§                        {ejUmÀ`m H$mimV n[aga^mfm ho _mÜ`_
Ver eodQ>r {ejUH$m`m©MrM {_iH$V             àH$me ~waQ>o                                Agbo nm{hOo.
AgVo. Voìhm Ë`mMm Cn`moJ BVa                                                                 _amR>r n[aga^mfm AgUmè`m nmë`m§gmR>r
emim§Zrhr H$ê$Z ¿`mdm, `mV J¡a                   Am{W© H $ {df_Vm, ZmZm àH$maÀ`m {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ _amR>r Agmdo `m dmŠ`mV
H$mhrM Zmhr. BWë`m _wbm_wbtZm               gm_m{OH$ CVa§S>r, OmVdmñVd, Am{U nwT>rb _amR>r hr EH$ ^mfm Agë`mMo AmnU J¥hrV
{_iUmam _mo H $im AdH$me gd© Ì              {nT>rÀ`m ^{dVì`m~m~V gme§H$Vm `m nm`mda YaVmo. àË`jmV _amR>r hm EH$ ^mfmg_yh
{_imdm `mhÿZ A{YH$ Amåhmbm Var              AmOMo dmñVd C^o Amho. _wbm§À`m ^{dVì`mer Amho. à_mU_amR>r hr Ë`m g_yhm§Vrb Ho$di
H$m` hd§ AgUma? H$qZ~mM§ åhUmb              nmbH$m§Mrhr ñdßZo OmoS>bobr Agë`mZo _wbm§Mo EH$ ^mfm Amho . à_mU_amR> r nmgy Z `m
Va Ë`m§Mr hr ZwgVr BÀN>mM Zmhr Va           ^{dVì` C‚db hmoÊ`mgmR>r gOJ nmbH$m§Mr g_yhmVrb BVa _amR>r ^mfm {^Þ {^Þ A§Vamda
Aem à`ËZm§ Z m gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mM§              O_ob Ver YS>nS> Mmby Amho. ^{dVì`mMm AmhoV. Aem gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaUmV OJUmao
A{^dMZhr Ë`m§Zr {Xbob§ Amho.                AW© "AWm©OZmMr Hw$dV' EdT>mM Amho. _wbm§- nmbH$ {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_m~m~V Ë`m§À`m
     Amnë`mbm Oo {_imb§ Vo                  _wbtÀ`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmbm `m ñdßZm§V gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ ñVam§Zwgma nwT>rb
Am`wî`mgmR>r \$ma _mobmM§ hmoV§ `mMm        \$mago _hÎd {_iV Zmhr. nmbH$ nmë`mÀ`m VrZ R>iH$ àH$mam§Zr {dMma Am{U H¥$Vr H$aVmZm
{dœmg, emioVyZ {ejU KoD$Z ~mhoa             {ejU _mÜ`_m~m~V Amnmnë`m _JXþamà_mUo {XgVmV. Ë`mda à_mU_amR>rnojm B§JO« r ^mfobm
nS>boë`m nwT>À`m {nT>rbm dmQ>Vmo;           {ZU©` KoVmV.                                ~mOmano R > o Z o gH$maU OmñV _hÎd {Xbo
Am{U Amnë`m j_Vm§Mr ^a Kmbm`bm                   Amnbo e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU ~è`mM A§er AgÊ`mMmhr XmQ> à^md Amho.
Vo Ë`mM emioV naV `oVmV, Ag§ Ooìhm          nmdbmoìhZo aMboë`m dV©ZdmXr nm`mda C^o           `mVrb n{hbm JQ> Amho Cƒ OmVr` d
KS>V§ Voìhm "Vr emim qOH$br', Ag§           Amho. n[aUm_r, {eH${dÊ`mMr nÕVr - boŠMa Cƒ Am{W©H$ñVar` nmbH$m§Mm. Ë`m§Mr
                                            XoU/o PmoS>Uo Am{U {eH$Ê`mMr nÕVr - g_OyZ _amR>r ^mfm ~arMer à_mU_amR>rer {_iVr-
_bm dmQ>V§. EImÚm emioV hmoUmè`m
                                            qH$dm Z g_OVm EoH$bobo bjmV R>odUo Am{U OwiVr Amho. ho nmbH$ _wbm§H$Sy>Z drg-n§Mdrg
Zdà`ËZm§ M r, emio Z § {dÚmÏ`mª d a
                                            narjoV ~amo~a CÎma CVa{dUo hr Amho. `m df} Am{W©H$ H$_mB©Mr Anojm H$aV ZmhrV.
Ho$boë`m ào_mMr Vr Iar nmdVr AgVo.          dmVmdaUmV gmh{OH$M ^mfm ho {ejUmMoM gmh{OH$M àmW{_H$ {ejUmÀ`m H$mimV
H$_bm qZ~H$a ~mb^dZ `m narjoVhr             _mÜ`_ _mZÊ`mMr MyH$ Amnë`mH$Sy>Z hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m _wbm§Mr g§dmX _mÜ`_^mfm à_mU_amR>r
AË`§V `eñdr R>abobr Amho. emioMr            n[aga^mfmXoIrb _wbmMr n{hbr ^mfmM Agbr Var Z§Va Vo ~è`mn¡H$s Mm§Jbo B§J«Or
O~m~Xmar CMbm`bm `m emioMr Zdr              Agë`mZo `mnwT>rb {bImUmV _mV¥^mfm `m AmË_gmV H$ê$ eH$VmV. `m CbQ>, _wbm§gmR>r
{nT>r g‚m hmoVo Amho. {ejUmM§ ~«rX          eãXmÀ`mEodOr n[aga^mfm hm eãX dmnabm gwadmVrnmgyZ B§J«Or _mÜ`_ Agbo Va hr
                                                                                                                                      nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
BWo _mJÀ`m {nT>rH$Sy>Z gj_, VéU             Amho. amï´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m 2005 nmbH$ _§S>ir _wbm§er B§J«OrVyZ ~moby eH$VmV
hmVm§_Ü`o, _Zm§_Ü`o g§H$« {_V hmoV§ Amho.   {ejUmMm kmZaMZmdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moZ _mZV Am{U H$mhr A§er Var Z¸$sM B§JO« r hr _wbm§Mr
                                            Agë`mZo kmZaMZmdmX hm eãX ZwH$VmM Hw$R>o n[aga^mfm ~Zdy eH$VmV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m
                                            {j{VOmda CJdy bmJbm Amho . Ë`mVy Z _wbm§Zr à_mU_amR>r qH$dm B§JO« r ^mfm g§dmXmMo
                                            {eH${dÊ`mgmR>r boŠMa nÕV dmnaÊ`mMr MyH$ _mÜ`_ åhUyZ ñdrH$mabr Var Ë`m§Mo ghgm                 4
                               embo` H$mimVrb _mPm ^m{fH$ AZw^d                                                    ewÕboIZ `m OmoS>eãXmVrb ewÕ `mMm EH$
                                                                                                                   AW© n{dÌ Agmhr Amho. `m _wbm§Mr _amR>r
                                 ìh.\$m. nmg Pmbmo. AmR>drgmR>r _bm gmobmnwamVrb Zm°W©H$moQ> Q>o{ŠZH$b             ^mfm AewÕ _amR>r ^mfm åhUyZM {hUdbr
                            hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o ^aVr Ho$bo. hm`ñHy$b Q>o{ŠZH$b Agë`mZo Amåhmbm B{Vhmg, ^yJmob,            OmVo. Ë`m§À`m ^mfoMm Am{U `m _wbm§À`m
                            ZmJ[aH$emó, g§ñH¥$V ho {df` ZìhVo. à_mU_amR>r hr dJm©Vrb ~mobmMmbrMr                   nmR>çH«$_m~mhoarb kmZmMm, emim Zm_H$
                            _mÜ`_^mfm hmoVr. ^mfm{df` ~mB© {eH$dm`À`m. _amR>rÀ`m ~mB© Amåhr g§ñH¥$V Z              gañdVrÀ`m _§{XamV {eaH$md hmoUma Zmhr
                            `oUmar `m AWm©Zo A-g§ñH¥$V _wbo, Agm {dZmoX H$am`À`m. à_mU_amR>rZo gwg§ñH¥$V,          `mMr n¸$s VOdrO Ho$bobr AgVo. `m dJm©bm
                            Ag§ñH¥$V, g§ñH¥$Vr, g§ñH¥$V^mfm Ago AZoH$ eãX/ eãXg_yh g§ñH¥$V^mfoVyZ Am`mV            ñdV…À`m _wbm§gmR>r B§J«Or hr n[aga^mfm
                            Ho$bo AmhoV. Ë`m gd© OmoS>eãXmV bwS>~wS>Umam g§ñH¥$V hm eãX {Oìhmar bmJm`Mm.           ~Z{dUo AdKS> OmVo. `m ñVamVrb _wbm§Zm
                            ~mB© Am_À`m H$ÞS> ^mfoVyZ Amboë`m hobm§H$So> Xþb©j H$aV Agë`m Var Ë`m                  B§ J « O rno j m à_mU_amR> r ^mfm ho _mÜ`_
                            ì`mH$aUmÀ`m MwH$m H$mT>m`À`m. _r 9-10 B`ÎmoV AgVmZm `mM ~mBªÀ`m EH$m                   An_mZmñnX Am{U åhUyZ Xÿar {Z_m©U H$aUmao
                            Vmgmbm _Om Pmbr. {ZåZ OmVrVrb Am{U H$ÞS> n[aga^mfm AgUmè`m dJm©Vrb                     Agbo, Var VwbZoZo OdiMo Amho. AndmX
                            EH$m _wbmZo ~hþVoH$ "_r A§Kmoi Ho$bmo' Aem àH$maMo dmŠ` {b{hbo Agmdo. ~mBªZr           åhUyZ g§doXZerb d¥ÎmrMo {ejH$ Oa `m
                            Ë`mda bmb \w$br _mabr Agmdr. Ë`mdê$Z dJm©V PS>bobm g§dmX Agm:                          {dÚmÏ`mªZm ^oQ>bo Va WmoS>çm\$ma à`ËZmZo
                            Amnbm nona \$S>\$S>dV Ë`mZo ~mBªZm {dMmabo : ~m@@`r, øo H$m MwŠb§?                     à_mU_amR>r ^mfm `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm ~è`mn¡H$s
                            ~mB© : Aao, _r A§Kmoi Ho$br, Ago {bhm`bm nm{hOo. H$maU A§Kmoi hm eãX                   O_y eH$Vo. `m nmbH$m§n¡H$s ~aoM nmbH$
                            órqbJr Amho.                                                                           Amnë`m nmë`m§gmR>r à_mU_amR>rMr {ZdS>,
                            Vmo : nU _r nwq„Jr ßdm°aJm hm`o, Vg§ {bdb§ V§ ßdmoaJr, a§ ßdmoaJr Ag§ {MS>rdË`mV.      An_mZ {JiyZ CJmM H$aV ZmhrV. `m _wbm§Zm
                            ~mB© : Aao, nU hm H$_©Ur à`moJ Amho. dmŠ`mMo {H«$`mnX H$_m©à_mUo ~Xbmdo                àmW{_H$ {ejU H$mimV B§J«Or hr Xþgar ^mfm
                            bmJVo.                                                                                 åhUyZ Oê$a {eH${dVm `oVo. `m JQ>mVrb H$mhr
                            Vmo : åhamQ>rV H$m` g_Xo H$_©ZrM na`moJ AgË`mV H$m H$m`? ømo H$m H$_©Zr?               nmbH$m§Mr ZOa ~mOmanoR>oH$So> OmñV AgVo. Vo
                            _amR>r ^mfoV gJir dmŠ`o H$_©Ur à`moJmMr Zgë`mZo ømo H$m H$_©Zr? `m àýmMo               nmë`m§gmR>r B§J«Or _mÜ`_mMr {ZdS> H$aVmV.
                            CÎma XoUo AdKS> hmoVo.                                                                 B§JOr ZrQ> `oV Zmhr, Kam§VyZ B§J«Or~m~V nwaoer
                            "Amnë`m _amR>r ^mfoMr Ver nÕV Amho.' Ago åhUyZ ~mBªZr doi _mê$Z Zobr                   _XV {_iV Zmhr. n[aUm_r, `m _wbm§Zm AZoH$
                            Agmdr.                                                                                 AS>MUtZm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. {eH$dÊ`m,
                            _wH$mQ> Imbr ~gV Vmo ImbÀ`m AmdmOmV åhUmbm, Am_À`m åhamQ>rMr `oJir                     Šbmgog `m§Mm {H$Vrhr _mam Ho$bm Var `m
                            hm`o nÔV. _mJÀ`m ~mH$m§dê$Z hbH$mgm hem {nH$bm hmoVm.                                  _wbm§V An`emMo à_mU _moR>o AgVo.
                                 hem {nH$Ê`mnojm _r A§Kmoi Ho$cmo `m_mJrc _wcm§Zm nQ>Ê`mOmoJo H$maU Z                     nmbH$m§Mm {Vgam R>iH$ JQ> Amho
                            gm§JVm `oUo Am{U Varhr nonamda cmc Jmoim C_Q>cocm AgUo, An_mZmñnX hmoVo.               Am{Xdmgr, ^Q>Ho$-{d_wº$, X{bV Am{U
                            _mPo nmcH$ Xþgè`m àH$mamVrc Agë`mZo Z§Va _cm à_mU_amR>r Am{U B§J«Or                    ñWbm§ V [aV H$ï>H$è`m§ M m. Ë`m§ M o OJUo
                            ^mfmhr ~è`mn¡H$s O_yZ Jocr.                                                            Ad_mZH$maH$ Am{U Xþ b © { jV AgVo .
                                                                                                                   Ë`m§À`mgmR>r à_mU_amR>r Am{U B§J«Or H$mogmo
                       H$mhr {~KS>V Zmhr.                                                                          Xÿa AgVo.
                           Xþ g è`m JQ> m Vrb nmbH$ Am{W© H $
                       n[apñWVr Am{U OmVdmñVd `m {ZH$fm§da                       "ømo H$m H$_©Zr' `m àýmbm Iao Va CÎma Zmhr. nU hr g§Yr KoD$Z ~mBªZm
                       Cƒ_Ü`_ ñVa ~ZÊ`mÀ`m C§~aR>çmda AmhoV.                à_mU^mfm Am{U ~mobr^mfoVbm \$aH$ gm§JVm Ambm AgVm. ~mobr^mfoda n[agamV
                       Ë`m§ À `m _amR>r ^mfm à_mU_amR>rno j m               ~mobë`m OmUmè`m BVa ^mfm§Mm à^md AgVmo, Ë`m~Ôb ~mobVm Ambo AgVo.
                       WmoS>çm\$ma doJù`m Amho. na§Vw à_mU^mfm hr                _amR>r à_mU^mfoMr YmQ>Ur BWo bjmV ¿`m`bm hdr. H$aUo, ImUo, dmMUo `m
                       g§H$ënZm g_mOmV Am{U {ejUì`dñWoV                     {H«$`mnXm§Mm dV©_mZH$mimV H$V©ar à`moJ hmoVmo. _r A§Kmoi H$aVmo/ H$aVo; _r
nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       éObobr Agë`mZo H$_r-A{YH$ à_mUmV                     Am§~m ImVmo/ ImVo; _r H${dVm dmMVmo/ dmMVo Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. na§Vw hrM
                       g_yhmVrb BVa _amR>r ^mfm§Mo Cƒma, hob,               {H«$`mnXo ^yVH$mimV dmnaVmZm _r A§Kmoi Ho$br; _r Am§~m Im„m; _r H${dVm
                       eãX, dmŠ`aMZm, ì`mH$aU WmoS>Š`mV Oo Oo               dmMbr Agm H$_©Ur à`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. ~mobr^mfoV H$ÞS> à_mUo _r A§Kmoi Ho$bmo
                       {VÀ`m AZwgma Zmhr Vo Vo gd© AewÕ, MyH$,              Ago åhQ>bo Jobo Var à_mU^mfoV Vgo dmnabo OmV Zmhr.
                       J«må`, Jmd§T>i, Ë`mÁ`... _mZbo OmVo.                                                                                 - g§nmXH$
    5
      naàm§VmVyZ Amboë`m H$ï>H$ar g_mOmMr         KoD$Z {ZdS>bëo `m H|$Ðr^yV CËnmXH$ H$m_m^modVr   gmYZ {ddoH$ Jmä`mMm hmoVm. ZB© Vmbr_Mo
AdñWmXoIrc \$maM {~H$Q> Amho. `m dJm©Vrb          EH$mË_ nÕVrZo H$amdr. {ejUmMo _mÜ`_              àmê$n _m§S>VmZm Ë`m§À`m _ZmV CÚmÀ`m
nmë`m§ g mR>r Ë`m§ À `m n[aga^mfm ho              Hw$R>brhr ^mfm ZgyZ CËnmXH$ H$m_ Amho            g_mOmMo EH$ H$ënZm{MÌ hmoVo. Ë`mMm ~mO
{ejUg§dmXmMo _mÜ`_ AgUo gdm©V OmñV                Am{U _mV¥^mfm ho g§dmXmMo _mÜ`_ Amho             J«m_ñdamÁ` `m g§H$ënZoV {XgVmo. na§Vw
JaOoMo Amho. na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r O~aXñV amOH$s`        Ago ZB© Vmbr_ _mZVo. CËnmXH$ H$m_ åhUOo          CÚmÀ`m g_mOmMr J«m_ñdamÁ` hr g§H$ënZm
BÀN>meº$s Agmdr bmJVo. Vgo ~Xb KS>dy              hmVmZo ~Z{dbo ë `m g_mOmo n `mo J r dñVy         OZVoÀ`m Am{U Zohê$-nQ>ob `m ZoË`m§À`mhr
nmhUmar gm_m{OH$ eº$s {j{VOmda Zmhr.              ~Z{dÊ`mMo H$m_. Jm§YrOtÀ`m H$mimV `m             nMZr nS>br Zmhr Am{U åhUyZ Vr _ZmnmgyZ
Ë`m_wio à_mU_amR>r qH$dm B§J«Or `mn¡H$s           H$m_mMm g§~§Y AWm©VM ~mOmanoR>oer hmoVm          am~{dbr Jobr Zmhr. Ë`mV OmVrÀ`m CVa§S>r
H$moUVrhr ^mfm g§dmX^mfm åhUyZ {ZdS>br            Am{U Vmo AmO Va OmñVM KÅ> Pmbm Amho.             OmñV ^¸$_ hmoÊ`mMr ^rVr H$Xm{MV OmUdV
Var Ë`m§À`m H$nmimdarb An`emMm {e¸$m              na§Vw g§X^© ZOaoAmS> Ho$bm Va CËnmXH$ H$m_mMm    Agmdr. `m g§X^m©V S>m°. {dZmoX a¡Zm `m§Mm
MwH$V Zmhr. gÜ`mMr {ejUì`dñWm Ë`m§Zm              ~mH$s AW© {MZr åhUrer g_m§Va {XgVmo. Vr          Integrating Work and Education hm boI
T> ~ZdyZ {ejUm~mhoa \o$H$Vo Amho. AS>MUtda        åhU Amho: _r EoH$bo, _r {dgabmo; _r nm{hbo,      AmdOy©Z dmMmdm. Vmo nwT>rb do~gmB©Q>dê$Z
_mV H$aV H$mhr _wbo _mÌ {ejUmV AndmX              _mÂ`m bjmV am{hbo Am{U _r Ho$bo, _bm             S>mCZbmo S > H$ê$Z Ko V m `o B © b : http://
{gÕ H$aÊ`mBVnV g§»`oZo {Q>H$VmV. `m               g_Obo.                                           www.ashanet.org/centralnj/conference/
JQ>mVrb _wbm§Zr à_mU_amR>rEodOr ~mOmanoR>oV             ZB© Vmbr_Mr _yb^yV VÎdo Á`m H$mimV         2007/docs/Integrating%20Work%20
OmñV _yë` Agbobr B§J«Or^mfm Oar _mÜ`_             Jm§YtZr _m§S>br Voìhm Vr Z¸$sM H«$m§{VH$mar      and%20Education.pdf
^mfm åhUyZ {ZdS>br Var `eñdr _wbm§À`m             hmoVr. CXmhaUmW©, {ejU åhUOo {dÚmWmªÀ`m              gÜ`m ZB© Vmbr_ B{VhmgH$mbrZ XñVmdoO
AndmXmË_H$ g§»`oV \$aH$ nS>Uma Zmhr.              S>mŠo `mV _m{hVr H$m|~Uo Zmhr, Va àË`oH$ _wbmV   åhUyZM Cabr Amho.g_mOdmXr à^mdm_wio
      {dbm`VoV OmVrì`dñWm Zgë`mZo {dbm`Vr         gwámdñWoV AgUmè`m CÎm_ _mUyg ~ZÊ`mÀ`m            Ago b nU Zo h ê$§ À `m _ZmVrb CÚmÀ`m
B§JO« r^mfm OmVrdmMH$ Ad_mZH$maH$ H$mhr ~mobV     eŠ`Vm àË`jmV CVa{dUo Amho. {ejU \$º$             g_mOmMo {MÌ doJio hmoVo. g_mO Ë`m {XeoZo
Zgbr Am{U X{bVm§Zm VodT>o nwago o Agbo Var        _|Xÿer - hþemarer - {ZJ{S>V Zmhr, Vo VodT>oM     MwH$V-KS>V Jobm.
B§JO« rbm g_VmdmXr åhUyZ Jm¡a{dVm `oUma Zmhr.     eara Am{U _Z/AmË_m `m§À`mer {ZJ{S>V                  g_mOmMo {MÌ 1991 nmgyZ ~XbÊ`mbm
B§JO« r^mfoVhr gÎmoÀ`m {nV¥gÎmmH$Vm, d§edmX,      Amho. gmjaVm ho Ho$di EH$ V§Ì Amho, Vo           nwÝhm gwédmV Pmbr Amho. `m ~XbmMm nm`m
Y_mªYVm, CÎma-X{jU Ag_mZ g§~Y§ BË`m{X_YyZ         Ü`o`mn`ªV OmÊ`mMo EH$ gmYZ Amho. gmjaVm          ImOJrH$aU, CXmarH$aU Am{U OmJ{VH$sH$aU
ì`º$ hmoUmè`m AZoH$ CVa§S>r AmhoVM. B§JO« rMm     ho H$mhr {ejUmMo A§{V_ Ü`o` Zmhr.                hm Amho. `m ~Xbmnm`r {ZåZ ñVamda AÝ`m`
ñdrH$ma H$aVmZm AmnU øm gÎmmg§~Y§ m§Mo H$m`             hmVmZo H$am`Mo H$m_ ho {ejUmMo _mÜ`_       hmoV AgyZhr Vmo ñVa ~XbmMr VrM ñdßZo
H$aUma, hm àý CaUma Amho.                         ~Zbo nm{hOo hr Jm§YrOtMr H$ënZm. H$m_,           nmhV Amho. _Ü`_-Cƒ_Ü`_ dJm©Zo Vr
                                                  Ë`mV H$_mdbobo H$m¡eë` ho gmYZ; Ë`m AmYmao       ~XbmMr g§H$ënZm ^{dî`mgmR>r Amnbrer
^{dî`mVrb g_mOmÀ`m                                KS>dm`Mo {ejU ho gmÜ`. Jm§YtgmR>r gmÜ`-          Ho$br Amho. gÜ`mÀ`m `m n[apñWVrV CÚmÀ`m
H$ënZm{MÌmMo _hÎd                                                                                  g_mOmMo Amnë`m _ZmV H$moUVo H$ënZm{MÌ
{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_m~m~V Jm§YrOtZr 1897                                                                 Amho, hm _wÔm _bm H$irMm dmQ>Vmo. ho
Vo 1937 `m Mmirg dfmªV H$mhr Cnm`                      AmZ§X {ZHo$VZ : ho[aQ>O
                                                                             o ñHy$c               H$ënZm{MÌ MiditVyZ g_mOmVrb AZoH$
emoYÊ`mMm AZoH$ A§Jm§Zr à`ËZ Ho$bm. Ë`m                dÜ`m©À`m godmJ«m_Ycr "AmZ§X                 ñVam§V nmohmoM{dUo Am{U Ë`m H$ënZm{MÌmH$So>
AmYmao ZB© Vmbr_Mm {dMma Jm§YrOtZr 1937                {ZHo$VZ' hr emim Jm§Yr{dMma                 OmÊ`mMm _mJ© åhUyZ {ejUmV AZoH$ à`moJ
_Ü`o nwT>rb àH$mao _yVê© $nmV _m§S>bm: 1. n{hbr        Am{U ZB© Vmcr_ {ejUnÕVr                     hmoUo ho VodT>oM _hÎdmMo H$m_ Amho. åhUyZM
Vo gmVdr Am{U O_boM Va _°{Q´>H$n`ªVMo                  H|$ÐñWmZr Yê$Z Vmo _mJ© àË`jmV              `m XmoÝhr _wÚm§da gmYH$-MMm© hmoV amhUo
{ejU _mo\$V Am{U gº$sMo Agmdo. 2.                      AmUÊ`mgmR>r PQ>V Amho.                      JaOo M o Amho . na§ V w CÚmÀ`m g_mOmMo
g§dmXmMo _mÜ`_ _mV¥^mfm n[aga^mfm Agmdo.               EZ.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r.Zo `m emioMr               H$ënZm{MÌ {MVmaÊ`mV AmnU AZoH$ OU
hmVmZo Ho$boë`m CËnmXH$ H$m_mÀ`m ^modVr                "ho[aQ>Oo ñHy$c' åhUyZ {ZdS> Ho$cocr        AS>IiVmo AmhmoV. AS>IiÊ`mÀ`m e`©VrV
                                                                                                                                                  nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
gmV dfmªÀ`m g§nyU© H$mimVrb _mo\$V Am{U                Amho. ñdÀN>Vm Am{U ñdmdc§~Z,                _r ~amM nwT>o Agbmo Var AZoH$ A§Jm§Zr éOy
gº$sÀ`m {ejUmMr C^maUr H$amdr.                         VgoM eoVr, eoV_mcmMr {dH«$s,                eH$Umar Am{U {dñVmaV OmUmar bmoH$emhr
{ejUmVrb gd© à{H«$`m Am{U CnH«$_ `m§Mr                 gyVH$VmB©, {edUH$m_, ^aVH$m_                hoM _bm gÜ`m CÚmÀ`m g_mOmMo H$ënZm{MÌ
AmIUr _wbm§Mm n[aga, nmbH$m§À`m Am{U                   Ago {d{dY CnH«$_ `m _amR>r emioV            {XgVo Amho.
g_mOmÀ`m JaOm, Am{U {ejUmMo hoVy bjmV                  {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ ~Zcoco AmhoV.                           prakashburte123@gmail.com 6
                       _m        JÀ`m bo I mÀ`m eo d Q>r AmnU
                                 é_mbm~Ôb ~mobbmo hmoVmo. S>mŠo `mbm
                                                                       Ooåg (1603-1625) `mÀ`m nmdcmMo _mn
                                                                       EH$ \y$Q> åhUyZ à_m{UV Ho$bo Jobo hmoVo.
                                                                                                                         åhUVmV. EImXr Jmoï> Xþgè`m Jmoï>rÀ`m VwbZoV
                                                                                                                         IynM Anwar Agob Va Vr "nmg§Jmbmhr nwaV
                       ~m§Ym`Mo Mm¡agmH¥$Vr dó Agm Ë`mMm AW©           bm§~rà_mUo dOZmÀ`m _mnmVhr qhXþñWmZr              Zmhr' Ago AmnU åhUVmo, nU nmg§J `m
                       Amho M ; VgmM, øm eãXmMm AW© _y i               nÕVrV _moR>rM J§_V {XgVo. ghO _Om åhUyZ           eãXmMm AW© _mÌ AmnU A§XmOmZoM OmUyZ
                       \$magrVyZ Ambobm é åhUOo Moham Am{U Moham       Ë`mVbr EH$ arV BWo XoV AmhmoV. 8 IgIerMo          KoVbobm AgVmo. VamOyÀ`m nmaS>çmVrb
                       nwgÊ`mMo gmYZ åhUOo dó Agmhr Amho.              XmUo åhUOo 1 Vm§Xÿi, 4 Vm§Xÿi åhUOo 1 Jhÿ,        {df_nUm, qH$dm Vmo H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r hbŠ`m
                       AemM AWm©Zo AmnU Vmo AmOhr dmnaVmo.             2 Jhÿ åhUOo 1 aÎmr, 8 aÎmr (åhUOo a{º$H$m,        dOZmMr EImXr Jmoï> EH$m nmaS>çmV KmbVmV,
                       Zoh_r é_mb dmnaUmè`m§Zm é_më`mhr åhUV.          Jw§O qH$dm bhmZ ~r) = 1 _mgm, 12 _mgo =           Vr åhUOo "nmg§J'.
                       {edm` nydu _hÎdmMr H$mJXnÌo é_mbmV              1 Vmoim, 5 Vmoio = 1 N>Q>mH$; gmoim N>Q>mH$             AgoM XmoZ eãX h„r _mJo nSy> bmJbo
                       Jw§S>miyZ R>odV. hr H$mJXnÌo gm§^miUmè`m§Zm,    åhUOo EH$ eoa, Xhm eoa åhUOo EH$ YS>m.            AmhoV, åhUyZ _wÔm_ Ë`m§Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z
                       åhUOo Hw$iH$Uu-Xoenm§S>çm§Zm, Ë`m H$m_mgmR>r    Am{U Mma YSo> åhUOo EH$ _U. Z_Zmbm                XoV AmhmoV; AmYU Am{U {dgU. nmUr Ja_
                       ~hmb Ho$boë`m O{_Zrghr é_mb åhUÊ`mMr            YS>m^a Vob Aer Or åhU AmnU dmnaVmo,               H$aÊ`mbm, qH$dm CH$ir AmUÊ`mbm AmYU
                       nÕV hmoVr. `wÕmV eaU Om`Mr doi Amë`mda          Ë`mVcm YS>m Vmo hmM. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr               AmUUo åhUVmV. Vgo M Ja_ Pmbo ë `m
                       S>moH$sMm é_mb H$mTy>Z Vmo {ZemUmgmaIm          YS>çmEodOr KS>m Agm eãXhr dmnabm OmVmo,           nmÊ`mbmhr AmYU åhUVmV. _J Vo AmYU
                       XmIdV, åhUyZ é_mb ømMm AW© VhmMo                VmoXoIrc `oWo AW©nyU© R>aVmo. amÌr hmoUmè`m       MhmgmR>r R>odbobo Agmo dm ^mVmgmR>r dm
                       {ZemU Agmhr hmoVmo. é_mbmÀ`m `m AZoH$           OmJaU Jm|YimÀ`m doir g§nyU© H$m`©H«$_             A§KmoirgmR>r. nmUr IynM Ja_ Pmbobo Agbo
                       AWmªZr Amnë`mbm X_ bmJbm Agob, Km_              hmoB©n`ªV nmoV qH$dm _embr noQ>dcoë`m             Am{U Vo {ZddÊ`mMr JaO Agbr Va Ë`mV
                       Ambobm Agob Va é_mbmZoM Vmo nwgyZ AmnU          AgVmV. Ë`mcm Vo c cmJVo . "n{hë`m                 Oo Jma nmUr KmbVmV, Vo {dgU. ^mVmgmR>r
                       nwT>o OmD$ `m.                                  Z_Zm_Ü`oM Oa YS>m^a Vob Omibo Va _w»`             nmÊ`mbm AmYU Ambo H$s Ë`mV amodirV
                              é_mbmMm Cn`moJ _moO_mnmgmR>rhr H$aV.     Am»`mZmbm H$m` {e„H$ CaUma', Aem AWm©Zo           YwD$Z R>odbobo Vm§Xÿi. Kmbm`Mo ZgVmV,
                       Mm¡Xm Vgy§Mm EH$ é_mbr JO, Ago bm§~r            hr åhU dmnabr OmVo. YS>m `m eãXmMr hr             Q>mH$m`Mo Va ZgVmVM, d¡am`Mo AgVmV.
                       _moOÊ`mMo _mn Amho. Vgy^a Agm EH$ eãX           Jmoï> lr_Vr {dÚm _wiJw§X `m§Zr AmdOy©Z            Jwam§Zm Kmbm`À`m Amoë`m-H$moaS>çm Mmè`mbm
                       AmnU dmMV-EoH$V Ambobmo AmhmoV, nU              H$idbr Amho.                                      d¡aU Ago åhUVmV, Am{U EH$m doir KamV
                       Ë`mMm AW© "WmoS>o g'o AgmM AmnU gm_mÝ`nUo             YS>m hm eãX nmhÿ JobmV Va Ë`mMo AZoH$       OodT>m {eYm {eOVmo, Ë`mbmhr d¡am Agm
                       KoVmo. _Ybo ~moQ> d AZm{_Ho$Mr EH$Ì é§Xr        AW© gmnS>VmV. EImXo _moR>o dOZ Oa hmVmer          eãX Amho. Ë`mdê$Z "KamV _UmMm d¡am
                       BVHo$ ho Vgy^amMo _mn AgVo. Aem drg             Zgob Va N>moQ>o N>moQ>o XJS> EH$Ì H$ê$Z Vo V`ma   AgUo', Agm dmŠàMmahr Amho. Ë`mMm AW©
                       qH$dm H$mhr {R>H$mUr Mmodrg Vgy§Mm EH$ JO       Ho$bo OmVo, Ë`mbmhr YS>m åhUVmV. `mVyZM           KamV _moR>m n[adma Amho, (_U^amMo AÞ
                       hmoVmo. EH$ JO åhUOo XmoZ hmV Agohr _mZbobo     Ambobm YS>çmMm AmUIr EH$ AW© åhUOo                d¡amdo cmJVo) Agm hmoVmo !
nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       Amho. {edm` gmoim Vgy§Mm EH$ aoe_r JO           A^§S>. hm eãXhr AmVm {dñ_¥VrV Joë`mgmaIm
                       hmoB©. AmVm hmV Hw$UmMm, ~moQ>o Hw$UmMr Ë`mda   Pmbobm Amho. Vob AmUm`bm ~aUr KoD$Z
                       ho _mn bhmZ_moR>o hmoUma, åhUyZM dOZo-_mno      Joë`mda ~aUrMo dOZ VobmÀ`m dOZmV Yabo               g§OrdZr Hw$cH$Uu, Zr{c_m ghò~wÕo
                       à_m{UV H$aÊ`mMr JaO ^mgcr AgUma ho              OmD$ Z`o åhUyZ Vo AmYr VmobyZ KoVbo OmVo,                   {deof Am^ma : S>m°. lÕm Hw§$^moOH$a,
    7                  Amnë`m bjmV `oV.o {~«Q>ZMm EH$ amOm n{hbm       `mbmM A^§S> qH$dm YS>m qH$dm nmg§Jhr                              B{Vhmg {d^mJ, nwUo {dÚmnrR>
                                              emioMr gwédmV                                   _°ŠgrZ ~Z©gZ
EH$ emim ñWmnZ H$am`Mr Ag§ {VM§ ñdßZ hmoV§. {VM§ ho ñdßZ               {eH$dU§ OmñV Mm§Jc§. _J _§Jidma noR>Vo "Amncr emim' ho gmjaVoM§
Hw$R>§Var _mÂ`m _Zm_Ü`ogwÕm éOc§, Ag§ _cm dmQ>V§. 1963 gmcr            H$m_ Mmcy Pmc§. `mcm OmB©Z§ Mm§Jcr {Xem {Xcr. ^maVr` ^mfm§_Ü`o
_cm BamdVr H$d} ^oQ>ë`m. ^maVmVë`m cmoH$m§Zm _r B§J«Or {eH$dmd§,       àË`oH$ Ajamcm EH$ Cƒma Am{U EH$m Cƒmamcm EH$ Aja AgV§,
Ag§ Ë`m§Zr _cm gwMdc§. Ë`mM gw_mamg X{cVm§À`m g_ñ`m Am{U               (H$mhr AndmX dJiVm.) Ë`mMm Cn`moJ {eH$dVmZm H$am`cm hdm
Ë`m§Mr {ejUmMr JaO `m~Ôchr _cm g_Oc§. 1966 gmcr Socio                  Ag§ R>ac§ AZ² àJV dmMZ nÕVrMr gwédmV Pmcr. Vmon`ªV cmoH$
                                                                                                                                                 8
                       åhUy cmJco hmoVo H$s EH$ nyU© doioMr emim gwê$ H$am. _cm _mÌ \$º$   AgVmV. hr emim gJù`m§À`mgmR>r Amho Am{U Oo Amnc§ YmoaU
                       X{cVm§À`m {ejUmgmR>r H$m_ H$aU§ nwaog§ dmQ>V hmoV§.                 Amho, Vo gJù`m§Zm gm_mdyZ KoUma§ AgU§ \$ma JaOoM§ Amho, Ag§
                             Ë`mMdoir BWo AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> KS>cr. OmB©Mr ZmV åhUOo S>m°.    dmQ>c§.
                       _§{Oar {Z_H$am§Mr _wcJr g_ram Mma dfmªMr Pmcr, Voìhm {VÀ`m              Xþga§ åhUOo _amR>r _mÜ`_mMr emim Agmdr `m~Ôc gwédmVrnmgyZ
                       AmB©Z§ {Vcm emio_Ü`o nmR>dc§. g_ram XmoZ-VrZ {Xdg emio_Ü`o          AJXr AmÎmmn`ªV R>m_ am{hcmo. nU Ë`m~amo~a B§p½cegwÕm {eH$dm`M§
                       Jocr. nU eoVmdaÀ`m _moH$ù`m dmVmdaUmV dmT>coë`m g_ramcm             R>adcoc§ hmoV§. H$maU B§p½ce _hÎdmM§ Amho, ho ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr.
                       emioVë`m ~§{XñV dmVmdaUmV S>m§~yZ R>odUmè`m _mñVaUr H$mhr           Ë`mVrc AmìhmZm§~Ôc ñdV§ÌnUo ~mocmd§ cmJoc, H$maU Vr ~arM
                       AmdS>oZmV. _J {VZ§ Omhra H$ê$Z Q>mH$c§ H$s Vr nwÝhm H$YrM emioV     AmhoV. g§nyU© ^maVm_Ü`oM {ejU_mÜ`_ Am{U B§J«OrM§ AmìhmZ hm
                       OmUma Zmhr. _r {Vcm {dMmac§, ""Vy _mÂ`mH$S>o `oerc H$m?'' _r _o     Iyn _moR>m àý Amho.
                       _{hÝ`mnwaVr Kindergarten åhUOo ~mcmoÚmZ gwê$ H$aUma Amho.''             `m VÎdm§_Ü`o Agmhr {dMma Ho$cm hmoVm H$s {ejUnÕVr ZmdrÝ`nyU©
                       g_ramZ§ {dMmac§ H$s {VW§ _mñVarU `oUma Amho H$m? _r Zmhr åhQ>c§     qH$dm àJV (Progressive) Agmdr. dmñV{dH$ hr nÕVr OJmgmR>r
                       Am{U _J Vr V`ma Pmcr.                                               H$mhr ZdrZ Zmhr, nU BW§ Vr éOcocr ZìhVr. Or H$mhr Mm§Jcr,
                             {OW§ _§OyVmB© _{V_§X _wcm§gmR>r emim MmcdV hmoË`m, {VW§M      {dÚmWuH|$Ðr qH$dm ~mcH|$Ðr {ejUnÕV AmnU dmnê$ eH$Vmo, Vr
                       _{hZm^a ~mcdmS>r Mmcdm`Mr, Aer Am_Mr H$ënZm hmoVr. ~mcdmS>r         BW§ dmnaÊ`mMm Amåhr à`ËZ Ho$cm. _wcm§Mo AZw^d emio_Ü`o AmUm`Mo,
                       Mmcdm`cm Iyn _Om Amcr. gmYmaU 35 _wc§, Mm§Jcr _moR>r OmJm,          _wcm§Mr ^mfm emio_Ü`o AmUm`Mr, `mda ^a hmoVm. _cm AmR>dV§ H$s
                       Ë`m_wio ^anya ZmM, JmUr Ag§ gJi§ N>mZ Mmcc§ hmoV§ Am{U ho
                       AmVm ~§X hmoVm H$m_m Z`o Ag§ dmQ>V hmoV§.
                             gwédmVrcm \$º$ ~mcdmS>r åhQ>c§ hmoV§, nU _wc§ nwT>§ n{hcrcm
                       Hw$R>§ OmUma, Agm àý {Z_m©U Pmcm Am{U _J emim gwê$ Ho$cr.
                       B`Îmm n{hcr Z§Va _J nwT>§ Z¡g{J©H$ dmT>rZ§ Xþgar, {Vgar, Mm¡Wr,
                       nmMdr, Ag§ H$aV H$aV XhmdrMr n{hcr ~°M 1997 gmcr ~mhoa
                       nS>cr.
                             ho gd© Mmcy AgVmZm gwédmVrcm H$mhr VÎd§ _Zm_Ü`o R>adcr
                       hmoVr. n{hcr Jmoï> åhUOo emim AmZ§XXm`r Agmdr. Omo AZw^d
                       g_ramcm n{hë`m emioV {_imcm Vg§ Amnë`mH$S>o hmoVm H$m_m Z`o.
                       {ejH$ Am{U _wc§ EImÚm Hw$Qw>§~mgmaIr AgmdrV. `m{edm` emim
                       gdmªgmR>r hdr. åhUOo A_o[aHo$_Ü`o _r Á`m àH$maÀ`m emioV {eH$co
                       hmoVo, {OWo J[a~m§nmgyZ lr_§Vm§n`ªV gd© àH$maMr _wc§ hmoVr, AerM
                       emim BW§ Agcr nm{hOo. AWm©V hr emgH$s` emim ZgUma, nU
                       {ZXmZ AZwgy{MV OmVr-O_mVr, ^Q>Ho$-{d_wº$, BVa _mJmg, {~Ja
                       _mJmg Aer gd© _wc§ EH$Ì hdrV. _wc§ Am{U _wcr g_mZ Ag§hr
                       Amåhr n{hë`mnmgyZM _ZmV R>odc§ hmoV§.
                             AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> åhUOo emim Y_©{Zanoj Agmdr. _cm nmhÿZ
                       gwédmVrcm ~è`mM cmoH$m§À`m _ZmV {¼ñVr emim gwê$ H$aUma H$s
                       H$m`, Agm àý Agm`Mm. nU emim {¼ñVr AgUma Zmhr Am{U                  EH$Xm emioVë`m AéUmVmB© _wcm§Zm JwiñH$am§À`m JmoR>çm_Ü`o KoD$Z
                       qhXÿgwÕm AgUma Zmhr, ho _mÂ`m _ZmV n¸§$ hmoV§. nyU© Y_©{Zanoj       Joë`m hmoË`m. _wcm§Zr JmB©-åher nm{hë`m Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§Mr {M̧
                       åhUOo H$m` `m~Ôc Amåhmcm àý nS>m`Mo. AJXr gwédmVrcm                 H$mT>cr. Z§Va AéUmVmBªZr _wcm§Zr Oer dmŠ`§ gm§{JVcr, VerM Vr
                       Amåhr emio_Ü`o {Xdmir OmoamV gmOar H$am`Mmo. Ë`mdoir H$mhr          \$ù`mda {c{hcr. "Jm` dmgamcm MmQ>{V`m', Ag§ EH$m _wcrZ§
                       H$mimgmR>r Am_À`mH$S>o _w§~B©hÿZ Amcoë`m à{_cm \$mVn}H$a åhUmë`m,   gm§{JVc§ Am{U Vg§M AéUmVmBªZr {c{hc§. Aem àH$mao Zoh_rM
nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       ""H$gcr Vw _ Mr Y_© { Zano j emim? Vw å hr {Xdmir gmOar             _wcm§Mr ^mfm ñdrH$macr Jocr. "Vr ewÕ Zmhr', Ag§ H$moUr åhUy Z`o,
                       H$aVm !'' Hw$R>ë`m àmW©Zm ¿`m`À`m, Hw$R>co YS>o ¿`m`Mo, ho \$ma     `mMr H$miOr KoVcr Jocr.
                       AdKS> àý hmoVo. H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m doiog H$m`-H$m` H$am`M§, åhUOo            n`m©daUm{df`r AJXr gwédmVrnmgyZM Iyn {dMma Ho$cm Jocm.
                       {Xdm cmdU§ `mo½` Amho H$m, Zmai \$moS>m`Mm H$s Zmhr ho R>admd§      _cm AmR>dV§, AJXr n{hë`m {Xder ~mH§$ Amcr Voìhm AmemVmBªZr
                       cmJm`M§. ho hmñ`mñnX dmQ>oc nU eodQ>r àVrH§$ ({gå~ëg) _hÎdmMr       åhQ>c§, "hr ~mH§$ ~ZdÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr PmS>§ VmoS>mdr cmJcr AgVrc.
    9
åhUOo AmnU dmnaVmo Ë`m àË`oH$ dñVy_Ü`o n`m©daUmH$Sy>Z AmnU            H$aH$è`m§~amo~a VmS>m~o mcm Joc.o
H$mhrVar KoV AgVmo Am{U Ë`mMr OmUrd R>do U§ \$ma JaOoM§ Amho.'             hiyhiy _§OyVmBªM§ H$m_ dmT>V Joc§. Ë`m§Zr 2008 _Ü`o Q>mQ>m
    AJXr eodQ>M§ VÎd ho hmoV§ H$s hr emim åhUOo e¡j{UH$ dmid§Q>mVc§   BpÝñQ>Q>çQy > Am°\$ gmoec gm`Ýgog_YyZ Master of Arts in Elementary
EH$ gwX§ a ~oQ> AgVm H$m_m Z`o. gJù`m emim, {deofV… gaH$mar           Education Ho$c§. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zm gwdU©nXH$ {_imc§. {ZgJ©V…M Ë`m
emim§gmR>r ho EH$ gmYZH|$Ð Agmd§. H$g§ {eH$dm`M§, H$m` ZdrZ           CÎm_ ì`dñWmnH$ Am{U {e{jH$m hmoË`m. `m H$mog©_wio Ë`m§Zm EH$
nÕVr dmnam`À`m, H$m` ZdrZ e¡j{UH$ {dMma KoVm `oBc     © , `m {df`r    d¡Mm[aH$ Am{U VmpÎdH$ ~¡R>H$ {_imcr. _r Amnë`m CLLC (Centre
Ë`m emim§Zm _XV H$am`Mr, Aem ñdê$nmM§ H$m_ ho gmYZ H|$Ð               for Language, Literacy and Communication) _Ü`o OmñV cj
H$aoc, Ag§ R>adc§.                                                    Úm`cm cmJco Am{U _§OVy mBªZr ì`dñWmnZ, B§p½ce {eH$dU§ Am{U
    Va Aem àH$mao gmYmaU AmR> VÎd§ S>moù`mg_moa R>odyZ H$_cm          emioÀ`m BVa AZoH$ Jmoï>r hmVr KoVë`m. _hÎdmM§ åhUOo emioMr
qZ~H$a ~mc^dZ gwê$ Ho$cr.                                             "_w»`mÜ`m{nH$m' åhUyZ Ë`m éOy Pmë`m.
    "emioM§ Zmd H$m` R>odm`M§' Agm àý g_moa Amcm. _r H$mhr                 Amåhr Ooìhm CLLC gwê$ Ho$c§ Ë`m_Ü`ogwÕm _§OyVmBªZr dmMZ-
{Xdg AJmoXaM H$_cm~mB© qZ~H$amÀ`m AmR>dUtÀ`m EH$m nwñVH$mM§           coIZ gwYma àH$ënmMr _hÎdmMr O~m~Xmar KoVcr. gwédmVrcm
                                                                       {Oëhm n[afXoÀ`m Mma-nmM emim§_Ü`o H$m_ Mmcy hmoV.§ Z§Va drg
                                                                       Am{U _J Q>mQ>m Q´>ñQ>À`m J«±Q>_wio ÌonÞ emim§n`ªV Amåhr Jocmo.
                                                                       Ë`mM~amo~a Everyday English Programme gwê$ Pmcm. Everyday
                                                                       English Mr nwñVH§$, {ejH$m§gmR>r g§emoYZ {eî`d¥Îmr, EH$ Mm§Jc§
                                                                       J«§Wmc` ho gd© `m CLLC À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Pmc§. hr emim BVa
                                                                       emim§gmR>r gmYZH|$Ð Agmdr Ag§ Oo ñdßZ hmoV,§ Vo ~è`mM A§er
                                                                       g\$c Pmc§.
                                                                            Joë`m 25 dfm©M§ "[anmoQ>© H$mS>©' nm{hc§ Va cjmV `oB©c H$s
                                                                       emioMr AZoH$ C{Ôï>§ nyU© Pmcocr AmhoV. AmO H$Xm{MV Vwåhm
                                                                       ~hþg»§ `m§Zm Mm§Jc§ B§p½ce `oV Agoc nU Var WmoS>r cdH$a g§^mfU
                                                                       H$m¡eë`§ `mdrV Ag§ dmQ>V.§ `m~m~VrV AOyZ gwYmaUocm dmd Amho.
                                                                       n`m©daUm~Ôchr AmO Oam H$_r ag OmUdVmo. VmS>mo~mcm OmD$Z
                                                                       ^Q>H$Ê`mV H$Xm{MV _wcm§Zm AmO ag Zgoc nU BVa Jmoï>t_Ü`o
                                                                       Agoc.
                                                                            H$mcnaËdo ZdrZ AmìhmZ§, g_ñ`m `oVmV. Global forces Mm
                                                                       gwÕm {ejUmda \$ma _moR>m à^md nS>V Mmccocm Amho. H§$nÝ`m
                                                                       {ejUmgmR>r n¡go Úm`cm V`ma AgVmV. Ë`m§Mm ñdV…Mm AO|S>m
                                                                       AgVmo. Á`m ñdßZm§nmgyZ AmnU gwédmV Ho$cr Vo Amnc§ ñdßZ Am{U
                                                                       Ë`m§M§ ñdßZ {H$VnV OwiV§ Amho, ho _mhrV ZgV§.
                                                                            VrM Jmoï> XoU½`m§Mr. Á`m doir AZoH$ _mUgm§H$Sy>Z WmoS>o WmoS>o n¡go
g§nmXZ Ho$c§ hmoV§. Ë`m§À`m H$m_mZ§ _r Iyn à^m{dVhr Pmco hmoVo.       `o V mV Vo ì hm Ë`m g§ ñ Wo c m OmñV ñdmV§ Í ` AgV§ . EH$m _mo R > ç m
Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation (ì`dgm`monMma Am{U            XoUJrXmamH$Sy>Z gJio n¡go Amco Va Ë`mÀ`mà_mUo H$m_ H$amd§ cmJV§.
nwZd©gZ) _Ü`o Ë`m§Zr Ho$coc§ H$m_ OJ^a cmoH$m§Zm _mhrV hmoV.§ nU      He who pays the piper calls the tune Aer EH$ åhU Amho.
{ejUm_Ü`ogwÕm Ë`m§Zr _yc^yV H$m_ Ho$c§ hmoV§, ho \$mag§ Hw$Umcm       åhUyZ AmnU _moR>çm H§$nÝ`m§H$Sy>Z XoU½`m KoVmZm {dMma H$aVmo.
_mhrV ZìhV§. \«$mo~c
                   o nÕV Ë`m§ZrM n{hë`m§Xm ^maVmV AmUcr Am{U               EHy$U Á`m ñdßZm~amo~a AmnU ho gwê$ Ho$c§, Vo ñdßZ Yê$Z Am{U
_w§~B©_Ü`o Ý`y Ima ñHy$c gwê$ Ho$c§. `m gJù`m_wioM `m emiocm          JaOoà_mUo ~XcyZ nwT>§ OmU§ JaOoM§ Amho. H$maU OwÝ`mcm AmnU nyUV© …
H$_cm qZ~H$a ~mc^dZ Ag§ Zmd XoÊ`mM§ _r R>adc§.                        H$mhr {MH$Qy>Z amhÿ eH$V Zmhr. H$mi Am{U H$mimMr JaO nmhÿZ
                                                                                                                                                  nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
    nwT>o 1995 gmcr _§OyVmB© emio_Ü`o `m`cm cmJë`m. Ë`m§À`m           AmnUgwÕm ~Xcm`cm nm{hOo. eŠ`Vmoda Oo Mm§Jc§ Amho Vo Yam`M§,
_mJ©Xe©ZmImcr "ZoMa Šc~' gwê$ Pmcm Am{U Ë`m_m\©$V Iyn Mm§Jc§          H$mhr ZdrZ Jmoï>r AmUm`À`m, hoM AmìhmZ gdmªg_moa Amho.
H$m_ Pmc§. _wc§ qdMwUucm Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr e¡j{UH$ ghctgmR>r
OmV hmoVr. _cm AmR>dV§ H$s H$mhr _wcm§Zr Xþ{~©UrVyZ n{hë`m§XmM
nm{hc§, Voìhm EH$ ZdrZM OJ Ë`m§Zm {Xgc§. nwT>o H$mhrOU gwZrc                         _°ŠgrZ ~Z©gZ, H$.qZ.~m.À`m g§ñWmnH$ Am{U ^mfm d¡km{ZH$.
                                                                                                                                                  10
                       {~Z K§Q>oMr VJS>r emim                                                                            _§{Oar {Z_H$a
                       Q>    >U Q>U Q>U K§Q>m hmoVo. JUdoe KmVbobr _wb§ nimni H$aV dJm©V
                               qH$dm _¡XmZmda O_m hmoVmV. bmCS>ñnrH$adê$Z amï´>JrV Am{U
                       R>abobr àmW©Zm åhQ>br OmVo. nwT>o C^r am{hbobr _wb§ CJmM åhQ>ë`mgmaI§
                       H$aVmV, _Ybr Vm|S§ hbdVmV. _mJMr Va VodT>ohr H$ï> KoV ZmhrV.
                       àmW©Zm g§nVmM Vmg gwê$ hmoVmo. {ejH$ `oVmV. \$ù`meoOmar C^§
                       amhÿZ {eH$dy bmJVmV. ¹${MV Vo ~mH$m§À`m am§JoVyZ {\$aVmV. K§Q>m
                       hmoVo. Vmg ~XbVmV. _Yë`m gwÅ>rÀ`m K§Q>obm _wb§ nmÊ`mÀ`m
                       bm|T>çmgmaIr dJm©VyZ ~mhoa nS>VmV - niVmV - YS>nS>VmV. nwÝhm
                       K§Q>m, nwÝhm Vmg. eodQ>Mr K§Q>m, emim gwQ>Vo. _wb§ H$m|S>dmS>çmVyZ
                       ~mhoa nS>Umè`m OZmdam§à_mUo niV gwQ>VmV. OUy emioV S>m§~yZM
                       R>odb§ hmoV§.
{eH$U§ - BW§hr
                                                                         doi _mê$Z ZoV ZmhrV. ~KyZ gm§JVmo åhUVmV qH$dm gJù`m§Zm KoD$Z
                                                                         J«§Wmb`mV OmVmV. J«§Wmb`mV gd©OU EH${ÌVnUo _mhrV Zgbobr
                                                                         Jmoï> emoYÊ`mMr _Om bwQ>VmV.
                           _|Xr aoImQ>VmZm                                                                                                      12
                       d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$                                                      {bQ>agr A±S> H$å`w{ZHo$eZÀ`m A§VJ©V Every day English àH$ënmÀ`m
                       Aem àH$mao MmbUmè`m emioMr d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$ \$maM n¸$s Agmdr          _mÜ`_mVyZ ho H$m_ Ho$c§ OmV§.
                       bmJVo. S>m°. _°ŠgrZ ~Z©gZ `m§Zr 1987 gmbr hr d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$
                       R>adyZ _JM hr emim gwê$ Ho$bobr Amho.                                cdMrH$ dJ©aMZm
                       1. emioM§ dmVmdaU _moH$i§, AmZ§Xr Agmd§.                             qZ~H$a eoVr g§emoYZ g§ñWoZ§ 90 dfmªÀ`m H$amamda {Xboë`m VrZ
                       2. emioV g_mOmÀ`m gd© ñVamVrb _wb§ AgmdrV. _wbm_wbtMr                JmoXm_m§_Ü`o hr emim gwê$ Pmbr. 30-40 _wb§ Am{U H$mhr hOma \y$Q>
                           g§»`m g_mZ Agmdr.                                                OmJm, _wº$ {dMma Am{U JmoS>mD$ZMr àeñVVm, Z¡g{J©H$arË`mM dJ©aMZoV
                       3. emim _amR>r _mÜ`_mMr Agmdr. _mÌ B§J«OrM§ ì`mdhm[aH$ _hÎd          {Panbr. nwT>§ emioMm {dñVma Pmë`mda Am{U Imoë`m§M§ ~m§YH$m_
                           OmUyZ EH$ {df` åhUyZ Vmohr CËH¥$ï> {eH$dbm Omdm.                 hmoVmZmhr VrM {dMmagaUr A§JrH$mabr Jobr. JaOoZwgma A{YH$
                       4. dJm©Mr nQ>g§»`m _`m©{XV Agmdr.                                    ~m§YH$m_hr Ho$b§ Job§. H$.{Z§.~m._Ü`o EH$m am§JoV R>odbobo ~mH$ Am{U
                       5. {ejUnÕVr ~mbH|$Ðr d A{^Zd Agmdr.                                  Aem ~mH$m§À`m VrZ Mma Amoir Ag§ {MÌ {XgV Zmhr. _wbm§Zm
                       6. emiobm Hw$R>bmhr Ym{_©H$ g§X^© Zgmdm.                             ~gm`bm IwÀ`m© Am{U {bhm`bm Q>o~b§ AmhoV. hr Q>o~b§ H$Yr AmoirV,
                       7. _wbm§_Ü`o n`m©daUmMr OmU d g§doXZerbVm `mdr Agm à`ËZ              Va H$Yr JQ>mV, Va H$Yr Jmob_oO n[afXoà_mU§ _Ü`^mJr _moH$ir
                           Agmdm.
                       8. BVa emim§_Ü`o, {deofV… emgZmÀ`m emim§_Ü`o ~Xb KS>dyZ
                           AmUÊ`mgmR>r hr emim gmYZH|$Ð åhUyZhr dmnabr Omdr.
                           AmO 25 dfmªZ§Va H$.{Z§.~m. `m VÎdm§da ^¸$_ C^r Amho. hr
                       VÎd§ A§JrH$maV AgVmZm EH$ àH$mao VmaodaMr H$gaVM g§ñWmMmbH$m§Zm
                       H$amdr bmJVo. danm§Jr gmoß`m dmQ>ë`m Var "emiobm Ym{_©H$ g§X^©
                       Zgmdm' `mgma»`m Jmoï>r A§JrH$maÊ`mg H$R>rU AmhoV. Hw$R>ë`mhr
                       emioV Y_©{ZanojVm ho VÎd ghOnUo åhQ>b§ OmV§, nU àË`jmV _mÌ
                       {dÚoMr XodVm åhUyZ emaXmñVdZ Ë`m emioÀ`m àmW©ZoMm ^mJ ~Zdcoc§
                       AgV§ qH$dm g§ñH¥$Vr åhUyZ {VWo JUoemoËgdhr gmOam Ho$cm OmVmo.
                       qhXÿ-~hþb g_mO Agë`mZ§ Amnë`m XoemV Ym{_©H$ g§X^© J¥hrV Yabo
                       OmVmV. H$.{Z§.~m._Ü`o H$Q>mjmZ§ VËg_ AmMma, {dMma, àMma Q>mibo
                       OmVmV. VgoM `m emioV g_mOmVrb gd© ñVam§VyZ _wb§ `oVmV.
                       Y_©OmVtBVH$mM Am{W©H$ ñVahr doJdoJim AgVmo. Ë`m_wio nmbH$m§À`m
                       Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrMm A§XmO KoD$Z Ë`mZwgma \$s AmH$mabr OmVo.
                           H$.{Z§.~m. hr _amR>r _mÜ`_mMr emim Amho. àmW{_H$ {ejU ho                                 _rgwÕm ^mOr {MaVmo
                       _mV¥^mfoVyZM Pmb§ nm{hOo, Agm emioMm AmJ«h Amho. _mV¥^mfoVyZ
                       {eH$m`bm {_iU§ hm _wbm§Mm h¸$M Amho. Ë`m_wio _wbo AmZ§XmV d          OmJm R>odyZ Mmar ~mOy§Zm bmdbobr AgVmV. dJ©aMZm n¸$s Ë`mV Vwåhr
                       VUmda{hV dmVmdaUmV {eH$VmV.                                          {ejU ~gdm Ag§ BW§ _mZb§ OmV Zmhr. e¡j{UH$ JaOoZwgma dJ©aMZm
                           _`m©{XV nQ>g§»`m Am{U EH$M VwH$S>r `m emioV {XgVo. àË`oH$        bdMrH$ AgVo Am{U AJXr VmgmVmgmbmgwÕm Vr ~Xby eH$Vo.
                       Zì`m dJm©V 35-36 _wbm§ZmM àdoe {_iVmo.                               _wbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m H$m_mÀ`m gmoB©Zwgma ~gVm `oV§. Ë`mV _wbJo-_wbr
                           AemàH$mao MmbUmar emim {Z{üVM gwIH$maH$ Amho. nU {H$Vr           eoOmar eoOmar ~gVmV. doJionUmMm ~mD$ Ho$bm OmV Zmhr, gdmªZmM
                       _wbm§Zm `mMm bm^ {_iUma? BVa hOmam|M§ H$m`? AmnU gwê$ Ho$bob§        Z¡g{J©H$ ghOVoZ§ dmJdb§ OmV§. dJmªÀ`m q^Vtda a§Jr~oa§Jr \$bH$
                       H$m_ dmid§Q>mVrb _ê$ÚmZmà_mUo Zgmd§, Ag§ S>m°. _°ŠgrZ ~Z©gZ          AgVmV. `m \$bH$m§da _wbm§Mr {M̧, H${dVm, H$Wm, hñVH$bm Aem
nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       `m§M§ _V hmoV§. Ë`m_wio H$.{Z§.~m. BVa emim§_Ü`o, {deofV… emgZmÀ`m   Jmoï>tM§ àXe©Z nhmd`mg {_iV§. H$Yr {ejH$m§Zr g§X^m©XmIb V`ma
                       emim§_Ü`o e¡j{UH$ AZw^d g_¥Õ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZH|$Ð åhUyZ H$m_         Ho$boë`m AmH¥$Ë`m qH$dm Vºo$hr AmT>iVmV. _mÌ ~mOmamVyZ {dH$V
                       H$aVo. g§ñWoÀ`m "{ejU{dñVma H|$ÐmÀ`m' _mÜ`_mVyZ dmMZ-boIZ            AmUbob§ V`ma e¡j{UH$ gm{hË` BW§ AS>H$db§ OmV Zmhr. dJm©V
                       gwYma àH$ën Am{U AbrH$So>M ñWmnZ Pmboë`m g|Q>a \$m°a b±½doO,         {ejH$m§Mr OmJm H$Yr \$ù`mOdi, H$Yr _wbm§À`m JQ>mV AgVo, Va
 13
                                                                       gVV _¾ AgVmV, Ë`mM_wio Joë`m n§Yam dfm©V ~mam doim Am{U
                                                                       gbJ Xhm doim XhmdrMm {ZH$mb e§^a Q>¸o$ bmJbobm Amho.
                                                                           BW§ "{eH$dÊ`m§Zm' nadmZJr Zmhr. g_Ob§ Zmhr Va {ejH$m§Zm
                                                                       nwÝhm nwÝhm {dMmam, Amnbm AmnU ñdmÜ`m` H$am; Ag§ YmoaU
                                                                       Agë`mZ§ _wb§ Amier ~ZV ZmhrV. JmB©S²gZmhr emioV àdoe Zmhr.
                                                                       ñdV…Mm ñdV… Aä`mg H$aÊ`mBVH$s _wb§ _moR>r Pmbr H$s, åhUOo
                                                                       gmYmaU AmR>drnmgyZ ñnYm©narjm§Zm Ë`m§Zm ~gdb§ OmV§. {MÌH$bm,
                                                                       g§JrV, V~bm, `moJmgZ§ `m narjm§Zm _mÌ hd§ Ë`mbm Ë`mAmYrhr
                                                                       ~gVm `oV§.
                           hohr _yë`_mnZM
                                                                       {ejH$mM§ ì`{º$_Îd \w$cmd§ åhUyZ
                                                                        H$.{Z§.~m._Ü`o _wbm§Zm Og§ doJdoJù`m Jmoï>r H$ê$Z nmhÊ`mM§ ñdmV§Í`
H$Yr _wb§ {eH$dV AmhoV Am{U - {ejH$ _mJ§ ~mH$mda ~gbobo                AgV§ Vg§ {ejH$m§Zmhr doJdoJio à`moJ d CnH«$_ H$aÊ`mM§ ñdmV§Í`
AmhoV, Ag§hr AmT>iob.                                                  AgV§. {ejH$m§À`m ZdH$ënZm§Zm VmpÎdH$ ~¡R>H$ XoD$Z à`moJmMr d
                                                                       Zm|Xr R>odÊ`mMr nÕVr R>adyZ Ë`m H$ënZoM§ ZdmonH«$_mV ê$nm§Va H$aÊ`mg
Img Am_Mr {ejUnÕVr                                                     BW§ _XV Ho$cr OmVo. Jobr gmV-AmR> df} Xa dfª H$_rV H$_r EH$
H$.qZ.~m._Ü`o B`Îmm n{hbr_Ü`o dmMZ-boIZ {eH$dÊ`mgmR>r _wÔm_            Var {e{jH$m amÁ` {ejU à{ejU d g§emoYZ g§ñWoV\}$ KoVë`m
V`ma Ho$bobr Amnbr Aer EH$ Img {ejUnÕVr Amho. S>m°. _°ŠgrZ             OmUmè`m ZdmonH«$_ ñnYmª_Ü`o {OëhmñVamda àW_ H«$_m§H$ {_i{dVo.
~Z©gZ `m§Zr XodZmJar {bnr d _amR>r dU©_mboÀ`m d¡{eîQ>çm§Zm H|$ÐñWmZr   XmoZ {e{jH$m amÁ` nmVirn`ªV nmoMë`m AmhoV.
R>do Zy , _wbm§À`m ^md{dœmMm {dMma H$ê$Z hr àJV dmMZnÕV {dH${gV            emioZ§ Amnë`m {ejH$m§Zm doJdoJir à{ejU§ KoÊ`mÀ`m g§Yr
Ho$bobr Amho.                                                          CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m AmhoV. {demb Am§YiH$a d H$pënVm X§S>dVo
       ~mbdmS>rnmgyZ gmVdrn`ªV "hmo_r ^m^m {dkmZH|$Ðm'À`m AéU          `m§Zr nwÊ`mÀ`m ^maVr {dÚmnrR> BpÝñQ>Q>çQy > Am°\$ EÝìhm`aZ_|Q> EOwH$o eZ
_mdiUH$a `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr, H¥$VrVyZ J{UV {ejU {Xb§                 A°ÝS> [agM©_YyZ n`m©daU nX{dH$m àmá Ho$br. Va dfm© bmiJo `m§Zm
OmV§. J{UVr Ioi, H$moS>r, H$m`m©Zw^dmVyZ ^m¡{_{VH$ AmH¥$Ë`m V`ma       hmo_r ^m^m {dkmZ H|$ÐmV Jm{UVVÁkm§~amo~a H$m_ H$am`bm {_imb§.
H$aVm H$aVm _wb§ J{UVmMr ^rVr {dgaVmV.                                 AZoH$ {ejH$m§Zm e¡j{UH$ ghbrVyZ em§Vr{ZHo$VZ, H$Udy, l{_H$
       dJm©Vrb gdmªZm g_Oon`ªV {eH$dm`M§, ho emioM§ YmoaU Amho,        gh`moJ, {XJ§Va, {Vbmo{Z`m Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUr hmoUmè`m e¡j{UH$
_J ^bo XmoZ YSo> Pmbo ZmhrV Var Mmbob ! {ejU {dÚmWuHo§$Ðr              à`moJm§Mr AmoiI Pmbr. VmS>mo~m, Xm§So>br `oWrb {ZgJ© g_OmdyZ
Agë`mZ§ _wb§ Ë`m§À`m ñdm^m{dH$ j_VoZwgma {eH$Ê`mÀ`m CÚmoJmV            KoVm Ambm.
                                                                           {ejH$m§À`m gmám{hH$ g^o_Ü`o Hw$Ur Hw$Ur Ho$bobo ZdrZ à`moJ
                                                                       gdmªg_moa _m§S>bo OmVmV, H$mhr nwñVH$m§M§ dmMZ hmoV§. gmVË`nyU©
                                                                       gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ Agmo qH$dm {ejUmÀ`m h¸$mMm A{Y{Z`_ Agmo,
                                                                       Vmo g_OmdyZ KoVbm OmVmo. {R>H${R>H$mUÀ`m {ejUVÁkm§Zr _m§S>boë`m
                                                                       Aä`mgm§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z KoVbr OmVo. `m{edm` emiobm ^oQ> Úm`bm
                                                                       `oUmè`m {Za{Zamù`m bmoH$m§~amo~a Pmboë`m MMmª_YyZhr {ejH$ KS>V
                                                                       AgVmV.
                                                                       nmbH$g^m
                                                                                                                                                  nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                                                                                                                                                     16
                               H$_bm~mB© qZ~H$am§{df`r                                                                     Zm{X`m Hw$aoer
                       noM gmoS>dcm, Am{U AmYr {ejU nyU© H$am`M§         nmqR>~m {_idUmè`m `m g§ñWoM§ gd© H$m_            gwê$ Ho$br. nwT>o nmbH$m§À`m AmJ«hm_wio 1942
                       R>adc§.                                           lr. {dîUwn§V qZ~H$a nmhV AgV.                    _Ü`o ~mbdmS>rM§ ê$nm§Va nyUd© i o emioV Pmb§.
                             ~r. E. Pmë`mZ§Va ZmoH$ar{Z{_Îm E{bPm~oW          {dîUwn§Vm§er AmoiI Pmë`mda Am{U nwT>o               Ima_Yrb "ApIb ^maVr` _{hbm
                       Ý`y`m°H$© _Ü`o Amë`m. Amamo½`godm XoUmè`m {d{dY   XmoKm§Zr b¾mMmhr {dMma Ho$ë`mda E{bPm~oWZr       n[afXo'À`m H$m_mVhr H$_bm~mBªZr ^mJ KoVbm.
                       g§ñWm§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mM§ Am{U Vr            b¾mAmYr ^maVmbm ^oQ> XoD$Z AmnU {VW§             1942 gmbr {dOmnya `oWo XþîH$miJ«ñVm§gmR>r
 17
Mmccoë`m n[afXoÀ`m H$m_mcm H$_bm~mBªZr                                                           CR>bëo `m, AnKmVm§VZy ~Mmdboë`m bmoH$m§gmR>r
_ZmnmgyZ hmV^ma bmdbm. XþîH$miJ«ñV ^mJmV                                                         eŠ` {VVHo$ doJdoJio Cnm` emoYÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr
AÞN>Ì MmbdVmZmM {VWë`m bmoH$m§gmR>r Ë`m                                                          à`ËZ Ho$bm. Hw$ð>amo½`m§nmgyZ Vo ^mOboë`m
H$nSo>hr {edyZ XoV. Ë`m doiÀ`m AZw^dm{df`r                                                       é½Um§n`ªV àË`oH$mMr ñdV§Ì JaO AmoiIyZ
H$_cm~mB© gm§JVmV H$s ^maVmV EH$ Jmoï>                                                           Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ CnH$aU§ d `§Ì§ ~Zdbr.
_bm Zì`mZ§M {eH$m`bm {_imbr H$s BWo                                                                   é½Um§Zm dñVy ~Zdm`bm XoU§ BWn`ªVM
JaOy§Zm H$nSo> ZwgVo XoD$Z ^mJV Zmhr, Vo                                                         H$_cm~mBªM§ H$m_ _`m©{XV ZìhV§. V`ma
Ë`m§À`m A§Jmda Kmbmdo bmJVmV, H$maU Ë`m§Zm                                                       Pmboë`m dñVy§M§ àXe©Z d {dH«$shr Ë`m-Ë`m
H$nS>çm§Mr {H$Vrhr JaO Agbr Var Vo H$nSo>                                                        é½Umb`m§_Ü`o hmoV Ago. hm A{Ve` _hÎdmMm
{dHy$Z n¡gm ~ZdÊ`mH$So>M Ë`m§Mm H$b AgVmo.                                                       ^mJ hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m CnMmam§Mm IM©
       AÞN>ÌmM§ H$m_ nmhVmZmM AZoH$ b_mUr                                                        Vo é½U ñdV…, ñdV…À`m H$_mB©Z§ é½UmdñWoV
~m`H$m§er H$_bm~mBªMr AmoiI Pmbr. b_mU                       {dîUwn§V qZ~H$am§gmo~V              AgVmZmM nyU© H$ê$ eH$V AgV. é½Um§À`m
~m`H$m§À`m hmVmVbr {edU d {dUH$m_mMr                                                             AmË_gÝ_mZmgmR>r ho AmË`§{VH$ _hÎdmM§ hmoV.§
H$bm Ë`m§Zr nm{hbr. Am{U b_mUr ~m`H$m§Mm        H$aÊ`mMo {dMma Ë`m§À`m _ZmV Kmoiy bmJbo. doVmÀ`m Q>monë`m, MQ>`m, bmoH$arMo H$nSo>,
EH$ JQ> V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {d{dY          _hmamï´>mMo Ë`mdoiMo _w»`_§Ìr lr. `ed§Vamd bmH$S> m darb H$bmHw $ ga Aem {H$VrVar
dñVy ~ZdyZ KoD$Z, Ë`m§À`m {dH«$sM§ H$m_         MìhmU `m§M§ ghH$m`© H$_bm~mBªZm bm^b§ d¡{dÜ`nyU© dñVy Ë`m_Ü`o hmoË`m.
gwê$ Ho$b§. Ë`mVyZ AZoH$ XþîH$miJ«ñV b_mUr      Am{U Ow b ¡ 1958 _Ü`o ZmJny a _Ü`o                    1959 _Ü`o H$_bm~mBªZr "OZ©b Am°\$
Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm _XV {_iV Jobr.                     Am{e`mVrb Xþga§ "ì`dgm`monMma à{ejU [ah°{~{bQ>oeZ BZ E{e`m' `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMr
       1942 _Ü`oM H$_bm~mBªZr "~m°å~o g~~©Z     _hm{dÚmb`' gwê$ Pmb§.                            gwédmV Ho$br. nwT>o 1965 gmbr "qZ~H$a
EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r'Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br Am{U            ho H$m_ ^maVmVrb à^mdembr bmoH$m§n`ªV [ah°{~{bQ>oeZ Q´>ñQ>'Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br. `m
Vmon`ªV _moR>r Pmbobr "Ý`y Ima ñHy$b'           nmohmoMdÊ`mMmhr H$_bm~mBªZr Zoh_rM à`ËZ Ë`m§À`m _hÎdnyU© H$m_mMr Zm|X OmJ{VH$
gmogm`Q>rÀ`m Vmã`mV XoD$Z Q>mH$br.              Ho$cm. H$m§Vrbmb ehm, gd©n„r amYmH¥$îUZ, nmVirda KoVcr Jocr. [ah°{~{bQ>oeZÀ`m
       1945 _Ü`o Ë`m§À`m AmB©M§ {ZYZ Pmc§.      ga am_ñdm_r _wX{b`ma, _moamaOr XogmB© Aem§Zm joÌmVrb gdm}ƒ _mZbm OmUmam "Aë~Q>© A°ÝS>
dS>rc EH$Q>o nS>bo. Ë`m§À`mgmo~V H$mhr H$mi     à{ejU H|$ÐmM§ H$m_ nmhm`bm Ë`m ~mobdV _oar bmñH$a' nwañH$ma H$_bm~mBªZm 1972
Kmbdm`bm Ë`m {\$bmSo>pë\$`mbm Joë`m.            AgV.                                             gmcr àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
{VWo AgVmZm Ë`m§ Z r ì`dgm`mo n Mma                 lrb§H$m, _bo{e`m, ñnoZ, B§S>moZo{e`m `m           d`mÀ`m n§À`mhÎmarV Ë`m§Zr `m H$m_m§_YyZ
(Occupational Therapy) à{ejUmMm EH$
                                                Xoem§_Ü`ohr H$_bm~mB© d Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè`m§Zr A§ J H$mTy > Z Ko V b§ . nU Ë`m ñdñW
dfm©Mm Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$bm.                    ì`dgm`monMmamMm àgma Ho$bm d AZoH$ ~gUmè`mVë`m ZìhË`mM, ^maVmVrb
       ^maVmV naVë`mZ§Va ì`dgm`monMmamM§        é½Umb`m§_Ü`o ì`dgm`monMma H|$Ч C^r H$ê$Z ì`dgm`monMmamMm B{Vhmg gm§JUma§ - New
à{ejU XoUmar EImXr g§ñWm BW§ gwê$ H$amdr,       Úm`bmhr _XV Ho$br.                               Life for the handicapped: - History of
Agm {dMma Ë`m§Zr Ho$bm Am{U Vmo àË`jmVhr            ì`dgm`mo n Mmamg§ ~ § Y rÀ`m H$m_m_Ü`o Rehabilitation and Occupational
AmUcm. Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr dfª AWH$ n[al_            H$_bm~mBªMm H$b hm A{YH$m{YH$ bmoH$m§n`ªV Therapy in India ho nwñVH$ Ë`m§Zr {bhrb§.
Ho $ bo . B_maV ~m§ Y Ê`mnmgy Z , gm{hË`        nmohmoMÊ`mH$So> hmoVm. AZoH$ doJdoJù`m amoJm§VZy H$m_ ZwgV§ H$ê$Z ^mJV Zmhr, Ë`mMr Zm|Xhr
O_dÊ`mnmgyZ Vo {dÚmWu {_idÊ`mn`ªV gd©                                                            R>odmdr bmJVo, ho Ë`m§Zm _mhrV hmoV§. d`mM§
H$m_m§V {dîUy qZ~H$am§Zrhr H$_bm~mBªZm                                                           ~§YZ H$moR>ho r AmS> `oD$ Z XoVm OÝ_^a ZdZdrZ
_mobmMr gmW {Xcr.                                                                                Jmoï>r gVV {eH$V amhUmè`m H$_bm~mBªM§
       nwT>rb ZD$ dfª H$_bm~mBªZr Ho$. B. E_.                                                    Zmd bmdUmar \$bQ>UMr H$_bm qZ~H$a
_Yrb à{ejUdJmªÀ`m _mZX g§MmbH$nXmMr                                                              ~mb^dZ hr emimhr hmM AmXe© _mZVo.
gy̧ gm§^mibr. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m {VWyZ ~mOybm
                                                                                                                                                     nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       _bm dmÅ>ob Vo, _bm dmÅ>ob Vg§ ! B`Îmm                 Vo nwñVH$ ¿`md§ Ag§ \$ma dmQ>m`M§. nwñVH$
                       Xþ g arVë`m Ë`m n{hë`m {dñ_`H$mar
                       {XdgmnmgyZ Vo AmOn`ªVÀ`m àdmgmH$S>o diyZ
                       ~KVmZm J{hdê$Z Amë`m{edm` amhV Zmhr.
 19                           `m emioZ§ _bm Oo H$mhr {Xb§ Ë`mVb§
Agb§ H$s gmb§ H$m_M Pmb§ !                    AZw ^ d{dœmM§ {PanU AgV§ . nmo f H$ hmoVmV. hoM Ia§ {ejH$m§M§ `e AgV§.
     H$_bm qZ~H$a ~mb^dZ_Ü`o Amë`mda          dmVmdaUmV Vo AË`§V {ZamJgnU§ ~mhoa nS>V§.           _mÂ`m KamÀ`m _mJ§ N>moQ>rer OmJm Amho.
emioÀ`m ~¡R>H$ì`dñWonmgyZ gd©M ~m~VrV              H$_bm qZ~H$a ~mb^dZ_Ü`o H$m` Ho$b§ g§Ü`mH$miÀ`m _§X Jma dmè`mV MhmMm H$n
hr emim doJir Amho, Ag§ OmUdc§ ! EH$          OmV§ Va ^m{fH$ {d{dYVm àe§gbr OmVo. gd© KoD$Z nm`arda ~gVmZm _r Zoh_r R>adVmo H$s$
{Xdg Am_À`m ~mB© åhUmë`m ""{Z~§Y {bhm''.      {Z~§Y n{hbo dmMbo OmVmV. {b{hÊ`mgmR>r `m OmJoV ~mJ \w$bdm`Mr. nU ~m§YH$m_m_wio
_r åhQ>b§ ""~m|~bm !'' H$maU Vmoda Amåhr      doi {Xbm OmVmo. emioV boIZmgmR>r doi Ë`m OmJoV {g_|Q>, JO, {dQ>m, H$m°ÝH«$sQ>Mo,
Imobr ~Xbbr hmoVr. Ë`m _wbmH$Sy>Z CgZ§-       amIyZ R>odbm OmVmo. Xadfu {Z`{_V ZdZrV ßbmñQ>aMo VwH$So> ~KyZ "BWo H$m` CJdUma?
nmgZ§ "CËH¥$ï> {Z~§Y' nwñVH$ {_iÊ`mMr         n{ÌH$m {ZKV Agë`mZ§ _w b m§ Z m h¸$mM§ Am{U CJdm`M§ åhQ>b§ Var {H$Vr _ohZV Am{U
H$gbrM eŠ`Vm ZìhVr. da ~mB© åhUmë`m,          ì`mgnrR> {_iV§.                                _emJV H$amdr bmJUma' Ag§ dmQ>m`M§.
""AmÎmm BWo {bhm.'' H$m` {bhm`M§ ?                 _wbm§À`m boIZ H$m¡eë`mÀ`m d¥Õr~m~V KamÀ`m dm°e ~o{gZM§ nmUr {VW§M gmoS>coc§
""A{dñ_aUr` àg§Jm~m~VrV {bhm. Ia§ {bhm.       {ejH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m {ZUm©`H$ R>aVo. _wbo {b{hVr Amho. Ë`m Amobmì`mV EHo$ {Xder EH$ dob
Vw_À`m ~amo~a Oo KS>bo Agob Vo. Vwåhr         hmoÊ`mgmR>r H${Z~m_Ü`o {ejH$ OmXmMr _ohZV CJdbm. _bm dmQ>b§, Agob H$mhr. ~KVm
Km~abm Agmb qH$dm Vwåhmbm _Om Ambr            KoVmV. _wbm§Zm {d{dY AZw^d {Xbo OmVmV. ~KVm _moR>m Pmbm. \w$b§-\$i§ bmJbr, _moR>r
Agob qH$dm...'' ~mB© g_OmdV hmoË`m Am{U       doJdoJù`m Jmoï>r XmIdë`m OmVmV. {d{dY Pmbr Am{U _r CS>mbmoM. Ë`m {g_|Q> dmiyÀ`m,
Ë`mVyZ bjmV `oV hmoV§ H$s Amnë`mbm Oo         {df`m§da MMm©, ì`mImZ§, ñbmB©S>-emo hmoVmV. ßbmñQ>aÀ`m Mwè`mV Ë`m Bdë`mem dobmbm
dmQ>V§` Vo, Amnë`mbm hd§ Vo {bhm`M§ Amho      Am{U _J Ë`m AZwf§JmZ§ {b{hÊ`mg gm§{JVb§ Mma Q>_Q>_rV Ia~w O § bmJbr hmo V r.
Am{U What a relief `m B§J«Or dmH²$àMmamMm     OmV§. _mPm AmdS>Vm njr, _r _moR>m Pmë`mda Ia~wOmgmaI§ _hmJ Am{U ZmOyH$ nrH$ Ag§
nwaonya àË`` Amcm. boIZ nwaonya Pmë`mZ§Va     H$moU hmoUma? _mPm AmXe©, _mPm A{dñ_aUr` BW§ CJdb§ hmoV.§ dZ ñQ´>m° aodmobew Z_Ü`o _mgmZmo~y
~mB©Zr {Z~§Y n{hbo. hm dJ© hmoVm Mm¡WrMm.     àg§J Aem nR>S>rVë`m {df`m§~amo~aM BVahr \w$Hw$AmoH$m `m§Zr åhQ>b§M Amho, "eoVrV Iyn
`mhr dJm©V CËH¥$ï> {Z~§Y àH$mamV _moS>Umao    ZmdrÝ`nyU© {df` boIZmgmR>r gwM{dbo OmVmV. _emJV H$aÊ`mMr JaO ZgVo. {ZgJm©bm WmoS>g§ §
{Z~§Y hmoVoM. nU `m dJm©V EH$ Zdb KS>b§.           {bhm`M§ åhUOo Z¸$s H$m` ho _wbm§Zm Am{U nmofH$ dmVmdaU {Xb§ Va Amnbo S>moio
CËH¥$ï> {Z~§Y `m àH$mamV Z _moS>Umè`m H$mhr   {ejH$m§Zm g_OU§ \$ma _hÎdmMo Amho. AZw^d {dñ\$maVrb BVŠ`m doJmZ§ {ZgJ© dmT> KoVmo.'
{Z~§Ym§M§ ~mBªZr dmMZ Ho$b§ Am{U dmhdm        H$WZmH$Sy>Z àdmgdU©Z, {M{H$Ëgm, narjU, à{V^oM§hr Vg§M Agmd§, Ag§ _bm dmQ>V§.
Ho$br. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ boIZ ho _mÂ`m           d¡Mm[aH$, ñdßZ{dbmg, XrK©H$Wm Aem AZoH$ ZdZrV_Ü`o Xadfu N>mnë`m OmUmè`m Q>_Q>_rV
OJÊ`mMm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ ~Zb§ Vo AmOn`ªV.          boIZàH$mamV _wb§ ghO KwgVmV. boIZ åhUOo Ia~wOm§Mr hrM Va Iar Jmoï> Amho !
AJXr ì`mdgm{`H$ nmVirn`ªV.                    ZwgVm N>§X ZgyZ Amnë`m {dMmam§Zm dmQ>
     H$_bm qZ~H$a ~mb^dZ emioMr AZoH$         Xo Ê `mÀ`m _mÜ`_m~amo ~ aM ho àH$aU
~bñWmZ§ AmhoV. Ë`mVrb _wbm§À`m g¥OZmË_H$      ì`mdgm{`H$ nmVirn`ªV ZoVm `oD$ eH$V§ Ag§                           mwaseem1@gmail.com
boIZmbm {Xbob§ àmoËgmhZ Am{U Ë`mg             _wbm§Zm emioÀ`m nmVirda hiy hiy C_JV§.                      dgr_ _Uoa, H$.qZ.~m.Mo _mOr {dÚmWu.
Amdí`H$ Agbob§ Am{U {_iUma§ nmofH$            _bmhr C_Jb§.                                   "hmoD$ Xo Oamgm Cera' Mo {X½Xe©H$ d nQ>H$WmcoIH$.
dmVmdaU ho hmo`. `mMm n[aUm_ åhUOo ZdZrV           VimJmimVy Z Ambo b r
`m dm{f©H$ n{ÌHo$VyZ ~mhoa nS>Uma§ AË`§V      _wb§ Am`wî` Ho$dT>§ nmhV
gH$g ~mbgm{hË`.                               AgVmV. {XdgmJ{UH$
     nQ>H$Wm boIH$, Mb{MÌ N>m`mH$ma Am{U      OJÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$`obm gm_moa§
{X½Xe©H$ åhUyZ H$m_ H$aVmZm _bm doimodoir     OmV AgVmV. Oo nhmd§ Vo
OmUdV amhV§ H$s AmnU AmO Oo H$mhr             Am{U Oo nmhÿ Z`o Vo gd© Jmoï>r
gO©ZmË_H$ H$m_ H$aVmo` Ë`mMm ^¸$_ nm`m        nmhVmV.         bo I ZmÀ`m
                                                                                                                                                 nmcH$ZrVr · OyZ 2013
                       àË`oH$mMr ^mfm doJdoJir hmoVr. emioV             g§JUH$ joÌM {ZdS>md§ Agm _mPm {ZU©`           dfmªÀ`m àdmgmM§ \${cV åhUm`cm hd§.
                       H$mo U Vrhr à_mU^mfm ZìhVr. Am_À`m               Pmcm, nU Vmo An`er R>acm. Voìhm Am`wî`
                       ñd`§ñ\y$V© coIZmMr ^mfm emioV ñdrH$macr          WmoS>§ CXmgrZVoH$S>o PwH$c§. Ë`mdoir "{ejU               anbhuleprakash@gmail.com
                       Am{U H$m¡VwH$crhr OmV hmoVr. (Ë`m_wio AJXr       hr Am`wî`^a MmcUmar à{H«$`m AgVo. EImÚm             àH$me AZ^wco, H$.qZ.~m.Mo n{hco {dÚmWu.
 21                    J«m_rU ^mfoVrc _mPr "~m åhUVw...' hr             An`emZ§ Vr Wm§~V Zmhr.' `m _°ŠgrZAmOtÀ`m                 emioV g§JUH$ {ejH$ åhUyZ H$m`©aV.