Grammar - NGỮ PHÁP

PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

I/ We/ You/ They + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). He/ She/ I ride my bike every day. Betty always brushes her hair
It + V (động từ thêm s/es) with it.

He/ She/ It + does not (doesn’t) + V (động từ nguyên

My grandmother doesn’t eat pizza at night. Her
mẫu) I/ You/ We/ They + do not (don’t) + V (động từ
fingers don’t get cold.
nguyên mẫu)

Do + I/ we/ you/ they + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Does Do you play video games in your classroom
+ he/ she/ it + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? sometimes? Where does Kim have lunch?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

The woman is cutting some bread. Dad and Daisy are talking about the noisy party
S + be (am/ is/ are) + V-ing.
last night.

S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + V-

He isn’t eating pizza. They aren’t talking to their grandpa.
ing.

Be (Am/ Is/ Are) + S + V-

Are you doing homework, Jack?
ing?

PAST SIMPLE TENSE (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

S + V-ed/2 (động từ quá khứ thêm ed hoặc Sofia carried her school things in the bag. Her grandmother made the
cột 2) apple pie.

S + did not (didn’t) + V (động từ nguyên

He didn’t have to go to school last Monday.
mẫu).

Did + S + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Did he go to school yesterday?

PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

We/ You/ They + were + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It They were practicing English at that time. Yesterday, Mr.
+ was + V-ing. Moore was working in the lab all the afternoon.

We/ You/ They + were not (weren’t) + V-

ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was not (wasn’t not) + V- We weren’t speaking. He wasn’t speaking.
ing.

Were + we/ you/ they + V-ing? Was + I/ He/ What were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m
She/ It + V-ing? yesterday? What was she doing when you saw her?

PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

I/ We/ You/ They + have + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + I have just seen my sister in the park. She has
has + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) finished her homework recently.

I/ We/ You/ They + have not (haven’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) We haven’t gone to Hanoi. Mary hasn’t done her
He/ She/ It + has not (hasn’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) homework.

Have + I/ We/ You/ They + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? Has + he/ Have you ever been to America? Has he read that
she/ it + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? novel?

BE GOING TO (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

S + be (am/ is/ are) + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). I am going to speak.

S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). I am not going to speak.

Be (am/ is/ are) + S + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Are you going to speak?

FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

S + will + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). You will have an unusual train journey on Friday.

S + will not (won’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). You won’t go sledding in the mountains.
Will + S + v (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Will you visit your grandma next week?

ADJECTIVES: COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE (Tính từ: so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

So sánh nhất (superlative) – the + most + long Linh is the most intelligent student in my class. Grandad’s
adj – the + short adj + est moustache is the longest I have ever seen.

So sánh hơn (comparative) – more + long adj + Lara is more beautiful than her older sister. Paul’s feet
than – short adj + er + than are bigger than his father’s feet.

*Đặc biệt:

Tính từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất

Good better The best

Bad worse The worst

Far farther/further The farthest/ furthest

ADVERBS (Trạng từ)

1. Adverbs of frequency (trạng từ chỉ tần suất)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Never: không bao giờ He never goes skiing.

Sometimes: thỉnh thoảng I sometimes go to the library.

Often/ Usually: thƣờng xuyên I usually go to school five days a week.

Always: luôn luôn I always do my homework before going to school

Every day/week/month/year: mỗi ngày/mỗi tuần/mỗi tháng/ mỗi năm I go to school by bike everyday.

Once/ twice/ three times…: 1 lần/ 2 lần/ 3 lần I go to the cinema twice a week.
2. Adverbs of manner (trạng từ chỉ cách thức)

Structure (Cấu
Example (Ví dụ)
trúc)

Adj + LY (Tính từ Slow => slowly Quiet => quietly Angry => angrily Bad => badly Dangerous => dangerously ∙
+ LY) Notice (chú ý ): – Fast => fast – Good => well

3. Adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Here: ở đây My book is here.

There: ở kia My friend is over there.

Everywhere: ở mọi nơi I have friends everywhere.

Inside: bên trong My pencil is inside the box.

Outside: bên ngoài My cat is outside the box.

Upstairs: trên lầu My mom is going upstairs.

Downstairs: dưới lầu I am going downstairs.

CLAUSES (mệnh đề)

Relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Thời gian + when My grandparents remember the day when they first met.

Nơi chốn + where That’s the shop where my neighbor works.

Vật + which / that Did you like the poster which/ that I bought to you?

Ngƣời + who / that I think people who/ that speak three languages are clever.

Ngƣời + whose Is that the man whose dog saved the little girl?

CONJUNCTIONS (Từ nối)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

And: và I did my homework nicely and carefully

But: nhưng I like watching football, but I don’t like playing football.

Or: hoặc Do you like apples or oranges?

So: vì vậy I’m sick so I’m not going to school.

After: sau đó I do homework after finishing my dinner.

Before: trước đó I eat breakfast before I go to school.

Because: bởi vì I’m late because I missed the bus.

If: nếu If you’re healthy, you have a lot of energy.

When: khi When I go home, I will play with my sister.

Until: đến khi I will study until 7 o’clock.

While: trong khi I’m playing video games while my mom’s cooking.

DETERMINERS (Từ hạn định)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Articles

The I like the red umbrella.

a/ an This is a pencil case. That is an umbrella.

Possessive adjectives

My: của tôi This is my table.

Your: của bạn This is your notebook.

His: của anh ấy This is his jacket.

Her: của cô ấy This is her dress.

Their: của họ This is their notebooks.

Our: của chúng tôi This is our bed.

Its: của nó It’s its wings.

Demonstrative

This: cái này (số ít) This is an apple.

That: cái kia (số ít) That is an orange.

These: những cái này (số nhiều) These are apples.

Those: những cái kia (số nhiều) Those are oranges.

PREPOSITIONS (Giới từ)

Prepositions of place (giới từ chỉ nơi chốn)

Structure (cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

In: ở trong The cat is in the box.

On: ở trên The book is on the table.

Under: ở dƣới The pen is under the chair.

Next to/besides/by/near: bên cạnh My house is next to her house.

At: ở I meet her at the door.

Between: ở giữa I sit between Mike and Tommy.

Behind: phía sau I’m standing behind the wall.

In front of: phía trước I’m sitting in front of the café.

Below: ở dƣới (thấp hơn) The picture is below the light.

Above: ở trên (cao hơn) The light is above the picture.

Through: xuyên qua I can see through the window.

Across: ngang qua I walk across the road.

From…to…: từ…đến… I walk from home to school.

Towards: về phía trước I walk towards you.

Prepositions of time (giới từ chỉ thời gian)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

At: dùng cho thời gian và

I go to school at 7 o’clock. I don’t stay up late at night.
“night” (at night).

In: dùng cho năm, tháng, mùa, I was born in 2000. My birthday is in May. I usually go swimming in the summer.
tuần, buổi. I always eat breakfast in the morning.

On: dùng cho ngày, các ngày

I don’t go to school on Sunday. My birthday is on 8th, November,2003.
trong tuần

PRONOUNS (Đại từ)

structure( cấu trúc) example(ví dụ)

Anybody/anyone: bất kỳ ai I won’t talk to anyone.

Anything: bất kỳ cái gì I don’t need anything.

Each: mỗi Each student must do the homework.

Everybody/everyone: mọi ngƣời Everybody loves him.

Everything: mọi thứ Everything is so perfect.

Somebody/someone: ai đó Somebody is knocking the door.

Something: một cái gì đó Something is under my feet.

Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)

Myself: bản thân tôi I love myself.

Yourself: bản thân bạn Do it for yourself.

Himself: bản thân anh ấy He only cares about himself.

Herself: bản thân cô ấy She takes a very good care of herself.

Themselves: bản thân họ They do it for themselves.

Ourselves: bản thân chúng tôi We bought the car for ourselves.

Itself: bản thân nó It’s beautiful itself.

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

What Where When + tobe/do/does/did + What is your name? Where do you live? When did you go to school? Why
S + V? Why How Which does she cry? How much does she want? Which pencil do you like?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi với câu trả lời ngắn)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Am/Is/Are + S + Verb/Noun/Adj? Are you a student? Is she beautiful? Am I in the right place?

Do/Does/Did + S + V (nguyên Do you go to school? Does he work in the evening? Did you do your
mẫu )? homework?

Have/Has + S + ever + V(pp)? Have you ever been to the USA? Has she finished her job?

TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

S + special verb…, special verb + not You are a student, aren’t you? She has just bought a new bicycle, hasn’t
+S? she?

S + special verb + not…., special verb

He didn’t come here, did he? They hadn’t met you before, had they?
+S?

S + modal verb…, modal verb + not +S? He can speak English, can’t he?

S + modal verb + not……, modal verb+S Sue won’t go to school this afternoon, will she?

MODAL VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Can/could: có thể (khả năng) Can’t/couldn’t: không thể He can swim and play basketball.

May/might: có thể May not/might not: không thể It may rain tomorrow.

Shall: nên Shall not: không nên Shall I go to the supermarket? I should go home.

Should: nên Shouldn’t: không nên

Must: phải Mustn’t: không đƣợc phép You must finish the homework.

OTHER VERB FORMS (Các dạng khác của động từ)

VERB + ING

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Giới từ + V-ing John is interested in studying biology.

Avoid/ worth/ love/ enjoy/ can’t help/ can’t afford/…

The teacher avoids shouting at students.
V-ing….

Teachers and children spend time looking for some things in

…spend…. + V-ing….
nature.

TO – INFINITE

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

Mô tả mục đích they went to the exhibition to see the latest

theo sau các tính từ : afraid, scared, happy, glad, sad jenny was very happy to finish university this year

cấu trúc….too/ enough…to… he was too busy to go out

sau 1 số động từ: want, hope, like, promise he promised to help me

VERB + TO INFINITIVE

Afford Demand Like Pretend

Agree Fail Love Promise

Arrange Forget Manage Refuse

Ask Hate Mean Remember

Begin Help Need Start

Choose Hope Offer Try

Continue Intend Plan Want

Decide Learn Prefer

VERB-ING AS A NOUN
Ví dụ: For example:
Playing football is interesting.
Cooking is very fun.
Chatting is a waste of time.
SUGGESTIONS (Câu đề nghị)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)

How/what about + V-ing? How about going to the theater?

Would you like to + V? Would you like to come for dinner?

Why don’t we + V? Why don’t we find another bookstore?

Shall we +V? Shall we agree with him?

Let’s + V? Let’s play volleyball.