Chapter - Life processes.

Grade :10

Concept - Nutrition

Objective questions and answers.

[Link] of the following are energy foods?

(a) Carbohydrates and fats
(b) Proteins and mineral salts
(c) Vitamins and minerals
(d) Water and roughage
Answer: a

2. In which mode of nutrition an organism de-rives its food from the body of another living
organism without killing it?
(a) Saprotrophic nutrition
(b) Parasitic nutrition
(c) Holozoic nutrition
(d) Autotrophic nutrition
Answer: b

3. The mode of nutrition found in fungi is:

(a) Parasitic nutrition
(b) Holozoic nutrition
(c) Autotrophic nutrition
(d) Saprotrophic nutrition
Answer: d

4. Roots of the plants absorb water from the soil through the process of:
(a) diffusion
(b) transpiration
(c) osmosis
(d) None of these
Answer: c

5. The site of photosynthesis in the cells of a leaf is

(a) chloroplast
(b) mitochondria
(c) cytoplasm
(d) protoplasm
Answer: a

[Link] amoeba, food is digested in the:

(a) food vacuole
(b) mitochondria
(c) pseudopodia
(d) chloroplast
Answer: a

7. Which of the following events in the mouth cavity will be affected if salivary amylase is lacking
in the saliva?
(a) Starch breaking down into sugars.
(b) Proteins breaking down into amino acids.
(c) Absorption of vitamins.
(d) Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol.
Answer: a

8. Which region of the alimentary canal absorbs the digested food?

(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Liver
Answer: b

9. The contraction and expansion movement of the walls of the food pipe is called:
(a) translocation
(b) transpiration
(c) peristaltic movement
(d) digestion
Answer: c

10. When a few drops of iodine solution are added to rice water, the solution turns blue- black in
colour. This indicates that rice water contains:
(a) fats
(b) complex proteins
(c) starch
(d) simple proteins
Answer: c

11. The exit of unabsorbed food material is regulated by

(a) liver
(b) anus
(c) small intestine
(d) anal sphincter
Answer: d

12. Which is the correct sequence of parts in the human alimentary canal?
(a) Mouth → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → oesophagus
(b) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine
(c) Mouth → stomach → oesophagus → smallintestine → large intestine
(d) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → large intestine → small intestine
Answer: b

Subjective questions and answers.

1.​ Name any three glands associated with digestion in humans. Write the names of
enzymes secreted by them.
Answer –
1. Salivary glands
Salivary Amylase
2. Pancreas
Pancreatic Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase
3. Gastric glands

Hydrochloric acid
Pepsin
Mucus

2.​ Bile juice does not contain any enzyme but bile salts are important for digestion and
absorption of fats. State reason.
Answer
Bile is a digestive juice secreted by the liver. Although it does not contain any digestive
enzymes, it plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
Bile is alkaline and contains salts which help to emulsify or break the fats (or lipids)
present in the food. Thus, bile performs two functions:
[Link] the acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes
can act on it.
2. Bile salts break the fats present in the food into small globules making it easy for the
enzymes to act and digest them.

3.​ (a) Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal and label the following parts:
(i) Largest gland.
(ii) Gland that secretes digestive enzymes and hormone.
(iii) Part where HCl is produced.
(iv) Part where digested food is absorbed.

(b) What are villi? Explain their function in the digestive system.
Answer –

(a)(i) Largest gland – Liver

 (ii) Gland that secretes digestive enzymes and
hormone – Pancreas
(iii) Part where HCl is produced – Stomach
(iv) Part where digested food is absorbed – Small intestines

(b) The small intestine is especially

adapted for absorption of digested food.

4.​ Discuss the major steps involved in the process of nutrition in human beings.
Ans. Major steps involved in human nutrition are –
a) Ingestion – Intake of food through mouth. Humans have holozoic mode of nutrition.
They engulf solid particles.
b) Digestion – The break down complex food material into simpler one in alimentary
canal with the help of mechanical as well as chemical process.
c) Absorption – Digested food is absorbed by the small finger like projections, villi
present in the small intestine.
d) Assimilation – Absorbed food reaches to all cells via blood, and utilized for energy,
growth and development.
e) Excretion – Undigested food from small intestine passed into large intestine, and then
it is thrown out by Anus.
5.​ What is the role of the acids in our stomach?
Ans. HCl plays following role in our stomach:
(a) Make the medium acidic for action of enzyme pepsin.
(b) Kills the harmful bacteria present in food
(c) Prevents fermentation of food

6. How is small intestine designed to absorb digested

Ans. The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called
villi which increase the surface area for absorption. The villi are richly supplied with blood
vessels which transport the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body. Where it is
utilized to obtain energy and repair old tissues.

7. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
Ans. Digestion of fats takes place in small intestine. Fats entering in intestine are in the
form of large globules. Bile juice breaks down these large globules into smaller globules.
Afterwards fat digesting enzyme lipase present in pancreatic juice and intestinal juice
converts it into fatty acids and glycerol.

[Link] are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its products &
by-products?
Ans. Conditions necessary for autotrophic nutrition are:
(i) Light
(ii) Chlorophyll
(iii) Water and
(iv) Carbon dioxide
Product - Glucose
By-products are: O2 & H2O

9. Explain with the help of neat and well labeled diagrams the different steps involved in
nutrition in Amoeba.
Answer:
The mode of nutrition in Amoeba is holozoic. The process of obtaining food by Amoeba
is called phagocytosis.

[Link] ingests food by using its finger-like projections called pseudopodia.

[Link] food is engulfed with a little surrounding water to form a food vacuole inside the
Amoeba. The food is digested inside the food vacuole by digestive enzymes.
[Link] is absorbed directly into the cytoplasm of Amoeba by diffusion.
Food is used to obtain energy and growth of Amoeba.
[Link] a considerable amount of undigested food collects inside Amoeba then its cell
membrane ruptures at any place to throw out this undigested food.
10. (a) What is peristaltic movement?
(b) ‘Stomata remain closed in desert plants during daytime’. How do they do
photosynthesis?
Answer:
(a) The relaxation of gut muscles to move the partially digested food downwards
throughout the alimentary canal is called peristaltic movement.
(b) In desert plants, stomata open at night and take in carbon dioxide (CO2). Stomata
remain closed during daytime to prevent the loss of water by transpiration. They store
the CO2 in their cells until the sun comes out so that they can carry on with
photosynthesis during the daytime.

11. (a) Why is nutrition necessary for the human body?

(b) What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal?
(c) Why is the small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
(d) What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
Answer:
(a) Human body continuously requires energy for their life activities like respiration,
circulation, excretion, etc. Energy is required even when we are sleeping because a
number of biological processes keep on occurring. All these processes require energy
and this energy is obtained from nutrition. Nutrition is also needed for growth and repair
of the human body.

(b) The wall of alimentary tract contains muscles which can contract and expand
alternately. The contraction and expansion movement of the walls of the food pipe is
called peristaltic movement. The peristaltic movement moves the partially digested food
in all the digestive organs throughout the alimentary canal.
 (c) Herbivores eat plants which are rich in cellulose. Cellulose takes longer time for
complete digestion by the enzymes present in symbiotic bacteria. Therefore, they have
longer small intestines. Carnivores feed on flesh which is easier to digest and do not
contain cellulose also. Therefore, they have a shorter intestine for digestion of food
eaten by them.

(d) Gastric glands secrete HCl, mucus, rennin and pepsin enzymes. Mucus protects the
inner lining of the stomach from the action of HCl and enzymes. In the absence of
mucus, there would be erosion of the inner lining of the stomach leading to acidity and
ulcers.
12. How is the radiant energy of the sun utilized in the green plants?
Radiant energy consists of both light and heat energy. The light energy is trapped
into chlorophyll molecules and then used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen
in order to release energy. The heat energy maintains the optimum.

13. Why are green plants called producers?

The green plants trap the sun’s energy and the raw materials in food molecules.
They form the basis of sustenance for all the organisms directly or indirectly.
They are also called the producers as they produce food for all other organisms.

14. What is the function of large intestine in the human digestive system?
Functions of the large intestine are:
1.​ Storage of the undigested food temporarily or temporary storage of undigested
food.
2.​ Absorption of water from the undigested food to form solid faeces.
3.​ Facilitation of the egestion of the faeces.
15. What are the various factors affecting photosynthesis?
The various factors affecting photosynthesis are:
1.​ Light intensity
2.​ Carbon dioxide concentration
3.​ Temperature
4.​ Chlorophyll concentration
5.​ Water and pollution