3 Rational Numbers

Exercise 3.1

1. (i) True (ii) False (iii) True (iv) True (v) False
–7 11
2. Positive Rational Numbers: –11 , 1, 21
2 –3 3
Negative Rational Numbers: –5 , 10 , –5, –8
1 10 –1
3. 0 , 0 , 7
1 –1 –5 5 7 –7
4. (i) –7 = 7 (ii) –13 = 13 (ii) –11 = 11
–13 13 17 –17 31 –31
(iv) –21 = 21 (v) –29 = 29 (vi) –59 = 59

–2 –2 × 2 –4 –2 2 2 ×3 6
5. (i) 7 = 7 × 2 = 14 (ii) 7 = –7 = –7 × 3 = –21
–2 –2 × 5 –10 –2 2 2×8 16
(iii) 7 = 7 × 5 = 35 (iv) 7 = –7 = –7 × 8 = –56

–5 5 5× 2 10 –5 –5 × 5 –25
6. (i) 8 = –8 = –8 × 2 = –16 (ii) 8 = 8 × 5 = 40
–5 5 5×7 35 –5 –5 × 12 –60
(iii) 8 = –8 = –8 × 7 = –56 (iv) 8 = 8 × 12 = 96

5 10 25 50 –3 –6 –30 –12
7. (i) 6 = –12 = –30 = –60 (ii) 5 = 10 = 50 = 20
–2 –10 –5 –12 –6 –60 –30
(iii) –1 = 2 = 10 = 5 (iv) 14 = 7 = 70 = 35
–4 –8 –36 –16
(v) 9 = 18 = 81 = 36

7
5
8. (i) 8
–6 = 7 × –6 = –42 and 8 × 5 = 40
7 5
 –42 ≠ 40  8 ! –6 .

15 10
(ii) 21 14 = 15 × 14 = 210 and 21 × 10 = 210
15 10
 21 = 14

31
(iii) 186 = 3 × 6 = 18 and 1 × 18 = 18
3 1
 18 = 6

26
 8 5
(iv) 24 16 = 8 × 16 = 128 and 24 × 5 = 120
8 5
 24 ! 16

–5 5 × –1 –1 8 4×2 2
9. (i) 15 = 5 × 3 = 3 (ii) 12 = 4 × 3 = 3
11 –11 –1 × 11 –1 –16 16 2×8 2
(iii) –66 = 66 = 6 × 11 = 6 (iv) –24 = 24 = 3 × 8 = 3

6
–75
10. (i) –8
100 = 6 × 100 = 600 and –8 × –75 = 600
6 –75
 –8 = 100 .

–16 32
(ii) 32 , 64
They are not equal, as one is negative and the other one is positive.
–2 –13
(iii) 6 , 17
–2 2 × –1 –1
We have 6 = 2 × 3 = 3
–1 –13
We know that 3 ! 17 .
12 3× 4 4 –20 –5 × 4 4
(iv) 21 = 3 × 7 = 7 , –35 = –5 × 7 = 7
12 –20
 21 ! –35 .

2 –4 –4 2 –4
11. (i) Between 3 and 3 , we have 3 < 3 , because 3 is negative.
–4
Hence, 3 is smaller.

–5 5 5 3 3
(ii) –2 = 2 , 2 > 2 . Hence, 2 is smaller.
3 –3 – 3 –3 –3
(iii) –8 = 8 , 8 > 5 . Hence, 5 is smaller.
–2 2 –2 –1
(iv) –21 = 21 , which is positive, so –21 > 3 .
–1
Hence, 3 is smaller.

5 –5 5
12. (i) 6 > 8 [As 6 is a positive rational number]

5
Hence, 6 is greater.
–5 –3 5 3
(ii) 7 < 7 [As 7 > 7 ]

–3
Hence, 7 is greater.
–5 –5 × 3 –15 11 11 × 2 22 –22
(iii) 12 = 12 × 3 = 36 , –18 = –18 × 2 = –36 = 36 .
22 15 –22 –15
We know that 36 > 36 so 36 < 36 .
–5
Hence, 12 is greater.
Rational Numbers 27
 –5 5
(iv) –17 = 17 is a positive rational number.
–5 –2 –5
 –17 > 13 . Hence, –17 is greater.
13. (i) There is only one positive rational number among the given numbers.
–3 –5 –2
So, we have to compare 10 , 11 and 5 .
The LCM of 11 and 10 is 110.
–3 –3× 11 –33 –5 –5× 10 –50 –2 –2× 22 = –44
10 = 10× 11 = 110 , 11 = 11× 10 = 110 , 5 = 5× 22 110 .
–33 –44 –50 –3 –2 –5
–33 > –44 > –50 ⇒ 110 > 110 > 110 ⇒ 10 > 5 > 11
–5 –2 –3 3
 The rational numbers in ascending order are: 11 , 5 , 10 , 17 .
7
(ii) 9 is a positive rational number.
–1 –2 –5
Let us consider the rational numbers 11 , 7 , 12 .
The LCM of 7, 11 and 12 is 924.
–1 –1 × 7 × 12 = –84
11 = 924 924
–2 –2 × 11 × 12 = –264
7 = 924 924
–5 –5 × 7 × 11 = –385
12 = 924 924
We know that –385 < –264 < –84.
–385 –264 –84 –5 –2 –1
⇒ 924 < 924 < 924 ⇒ 12 < 7 < 11
–5 –2 –1 7
So, the given numbers in ascending order are: 12 , 7 , 11 , 9 .
6
14. (i) 21 is a positive rational number.
Let us consider the other rational numbers.
The LCM of 3, 12 and 18 is 36.
–7 –7 × 12 –84 –5 –5× 3 –15 –11 –11× 2 –22
3 = 3× 12 = 36 , 12 = 12× 3 = 36 , 18 = 18× 2 = 36 .
We know that –15 > –22 > –84
–15 –22 –84 –5 –11 –7
⇒ 36 > 36 > 36 ⇒
12 < 18 < 3
6 –5 –11 –7
 The numbers in descending order are: 21 , 12 , 18 , 3 .
3
(ii) 8 is a positive rational number.
Let us consider the other rational numbers.
The LCM of 16, 8 and 24 is 48.
–3 –3× 3 –9 –6 –6 × 6 –36 –15 –15× 2 –30
16 = 16 × 3 = 48 , 8 = 8× 6 = 48 , and 24 = 24 × 2 = 48 .

28 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

 We know that –9 > –30 > –36
–9 –30 –36 –3 –15 –6
⇒ 48 > 48 > 48 ⇒ 16 > 24 > 8
3 –3 –15 –6
 The numbers in descending order are: 8 , 16 , 24 , 8 .
3 –6 3
15. (i) 7 > 13 , as 7 is a positive rational number.
–7 –8
(ii) 8 9 , –7 × 9 = –63 and –8 × 8 = –64
–7 –8
 –63 > –64 ⇒ 8 > 9 .
–11 11
(iii) –12 = 12
11 12
12 13 , 11 × 13 = 143 and 12 × 12 = 144.
11 12
 143 < 144 ⇒ 12 < 13 .
–12 3× – 4 –4
(iv) 27 = 3 × 9 = 9
–4 –12
 9 = 27 .

Exercise 3.2
[Note: See the methods given in our textbook and draw the number lines yourself and represent the
given rational numbers.]

Exercise 3.3
1. (i) numerators, denominator (ii) 9 (iii) 0
1 5 1+ 5 6 –2 5 –2 + 5 3
2. (i) 17 + 17 = 17 = 17 . (ii) 8 + 8 = 8 = 8 .
(–11) + (–7)
(iii) –1311 + –7
13 = 13
–18
= 13 = –1 13 .
5

9 –7 9 × 3 + 4 × (–7) 27 + (–28) –1
3. (i) 4 + 3 = 12 = 12 = 12 .
(–7) (–11) (–7 × 5) + (–11 × 4) (–35) + (–44) –79 19
(ii) 4 + 5 = 20 = 20 = 20 = –3 20 .
(–3) × 9 + (–2) × 8 (–27) + (–16)
(iii) –83 + –92 = 72 = 72
–43
= 72 .

–9 4 × 11 + (–9) × 7 –19
(iv) 74 + 11 = 77 =
44 – 63
77 = 77 .
–5 5 –5 × 4 + 5 × 3 –20 + 15 –5
4. (i) 6 + 8 = 24 = 24 = 24 .

(ii) –19 11 = –11 × 2 –22

19 × 2 = 38 .
–22 + 21
–19 11 + 21
38 = 38
–22 + 21
38 = 38
–1
= 38 .

Rational Numbers 29
 20 × 4 + (–19) × 3
(iii) 20 + –44
19
=
80 – 57 23
= 132 = 132 .
33 132
–7 + –11 (–7) × 3 + (–11) × 2 –21 + (–22) –43 7
(iv) 12 18 = 36 = 36 = 36 = –1 36 .

1 –3 1 × 2 + (–3) × 1
5. a + b = 2 + 4 = 4 = 2 4– 3 = – 14 .
–3 1 –3 × 1 + 2 × 1 +
b+a= 4 +2 = 4 = –34 2 = – 14 .
–4 5 –4 × 8 + 5 × 3 –32 + 15 –17
6. (i) 3 + 8 = 24 = 24 = 24 .

+
5
8
+ –4 = 5 × 3 8 × –4 = 15 –32 = –17 .
3 24 24 24
–7 × 7 + 9 × (–5) 49 + (–45) –94
(ii) –97 + –75 = 63 = 63 = 63 .

7. (i) b 3 + 5 l =
–5 3 –5 × 5 + 3 × 3 –25 + 9 –16
15 = 15 = 15 .

b –35 + 5
3 l + –5 –16 + –5 –16 × 8 + (–5) × 15 –128 + (–75) –203
8 = 15 8 = 120 = 120 = 120 .

3 + –5 3 × 8 + (–5) × 5 24 – 25 –1
Also, 5 8 = 40 = 40 = 40 .

–35 + b 5
3 + –5 l –5 –1 –5 × 40 + (–1) × 3 –203
8 = 3 + 40 = 3 × 40 = 120 .

 b –35 + 5
3 l + –5 –5 + b 3 + –5 l
8 = 3 5 8 .
7 × 4 + (–1) × 3
(ii) 73 + –41 = 12
28 – 3 25
= 12 = 12 .

b 73 + –41 l + b –8 l 25 –8
7 = 12 + 7 =
25 × 7 + 12 × –8
84 =
175 – 96
84
79
= 84 .

–1 × 7 + (–8) × 4 –7 + (–32) –39

Also, –41 + –78 = 28 = 28 = 28 .

73 + b –41 + –78 l = 73 + –28

39
=
28 × 7 + 3 × –39
84 =
196 – 117
84
79
= 84 .

 b 73 + –41 l + b –8 l 7 b – 1 –8 l
7 = 3+ 4 + 7 . 2 8, 12, 15
2 4, 6, 15
3 –13 –11 7 3 × 30 + –13 × 15 + 8 × –11 + 7 × 10
8. (i) 4 + 8 + 15 + 12 = 120 2 2, 3, 15
90 – 195 – 88 + 70 –123 3 1, 3, 15
= 120 = 120 .
5 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
LCM = 120.
(ii) 12 + –31 + 14 + –81
1 × 12 –1 × 8 + 1 × 6 – 1 × 3 12 – 8 + 6 – 3 7
= 24 = 24 = 24 . (LCM of 2, 3, 4 and 8 = 24)

30 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

 5 –7 11 –19 2 18, 24
(iii) 6 + 12 + 18 + 24
2 9, 12
5 × 12 – 7 × 6 + 11 × 4 – 19 × 3 2 9, 6
= 72
3 9, 3
60 – 42 + 44 – 57 5 3 3, 1
= 72 = 12 .
1, 1
1 –1 –1 1 1 × 130 + –1 × 65 + –1 × 50 + 1 × 26 LCM = 72.
(iv) 5 + 10 + 13 + 25 = 650
5 10, 13, 25
130 – 65 – 50 + 26 41
= 650 = 650 . 2, 13, 5
LCM = 13 × 50 = 650.

Exercise 3.4
1. (i) True (ii) False (iii) False (iv) True (v) True
15
2. (i) 7 + 0 = 7
15 7
(ii) 0 – 19 = 19
–7 –5
(iii) 9 – 0 = 9
–5 –3 b –3 l
(iv)7 – 7 = 0
5 11 5 – 11 = –6 8 3 –3 = 5
= 87
3. (i) 6 – 6 = 6 6 = –1 (ii) 7 – 7 7

(iii) 11 – b 11 l = b –9 l = –15 9 = –6 .
9 –5 9 – (–5) 9+5 14 –15 +
11 = 11 = 11 . (iv) 17 – 17 17 17

4. (i) 19 – b 19 l =
–6 –15 –6 + 15 9
19 = 19 .
7 –5 7 × 4 + 5 × 3 = 28 + 15 43
(ii) 18 – 24 = 72 72 = 72 .
–7 11 –7 × 3 – 11 × 1 –21 – 11 –32 –8
(iii) 12 – 36 = 36 = 36 = 36 = 9 .
13 20 13 × 3 – 20 × 2 39 – 40 –1
(iv) 14 – 21 = 42 = 42 = 42 .

–4 7 –11 –4 × 2 + 6 × 7 + 11 × 3 –8 + 42 + 33 67
5. (i) 9 + 3 – 6 = 18 = 18 = 18 .
2 –4 –14 2 × 5 + –4 × 3 + 14 × 1 10 – 12 + 14 = 12 4
(ii) 3 + 5 – 5 = 15 = 15 15 = 5 .
1 1 1 20 × 1 – 15 × 1 – 12 × 1 20 – 15 – 12 –7
(iii) 3 – 4 – 5 = 60 = 60 = 60 .

–5 –7 9 –5 × 99 + –7 × 77 – 63 × 9 (–495) + (–539) + (–567) –1601

(iv) 7 + 9 – 11 = 693 = 693 = 693 .

10 –4 20 –4 20 – 4 16 8
6. (i) 9 + 18 = 18 + 18 = 18 = 18 = 9 .

76 – b 10
9
+ –4 l = 6 – 8 = 6 × 9 – 7 × 8 = 54 – 56 = –2 .
18 7 9 63 63 63

Rational Numbers 31
 7 11 7 × 5 – 44 35 – 44 = –9
(ii) 8 – 10 = 40 = 40 40 .
5 8 5 8× 4 5 32 –27
36 – 9 = 36 – 9 × 4 = 36 – 36 = 36 .

b 8 – 10 l –
7 11 b 5 –8 l –9 b –27 l
36 9 = 40 – 36
–9 × 9 + 27 × 10 –81 + 270 189 21
= 360 = 360 = 360 = 40 .
1 1 1 13 2 13 5 13 × 4 – 2 × 12 – 13 × 3 + 5 × 3
(iii) 4 3 – 2 – 3 4 + 1 4 = 3 – 1 – 4 + 4 = 12
52 – 24 – 39 + 15 4 1
= 12 = 12 = 3 .
1 3 1 3 5+9 14 14 74
(iv) 2 3 + 2 5 = 2 + 2 + 3 + 5 = 4 + 15 = 4 + 15 = 4 15 = 15

3 – b2 3 + 2 5 l = 3 – 15 =
1 3 74 3 × 15 – 74 = 45 – 74 –29 14
15 15 = 15 = –1 15 .
15 5 5 15 5 15 × 4 5 60 5 – 60 –55
7. (i) 7 + x = 28 ⇒ x = 28 – 7 = 28 – 7 × 4 = 28 – 28 = 28 = 28 .
–7 5 5 7 5 28 33 11
(ii) x + 12 = 48 ⇒ x = 48 + 12 = 48 + 48 = 48 = 16 .
–2 7 7 2 7 4 11
(iii) x + 23 = 46 ⇒ x = 46 + 23 = 46 + 46 = 46 .
11 –31 11 31 11 × 5 31 55 + 31 = 86 16
(iv) 7 – x = 35 ⇒ x = 7 + 35 = 7 × 5 + 35 = 35 35 = 2 35 .
8. Let x be the number to be added.
–6 9 9 6 9 × 11 + 6 × 13 99 + 78 177
 x + 11 = 13
⇒ x = 13 + 11 = 13 × 11 = 143 = 143 .

Exercise 3.5
1. (i) False (ii) True (iii) False
4 7 4 ×7 28 3 6 3×6 18
2. (i) 5 × 9 = 5 × 9 = 45 (ii) 7 × 11 = 7 × 11 = 77

(iv) b 11 l × 13 = 11 × 13 = 143
–1 2 –1 × 2 –2 –3 12 –3 × 12 –36
(iii) 3 × 5 = 3 × 5 = 15

(v) 8 × b 7 l =
–2 8 × –2 –16 4 –4 × 7 –28
7 = 7 (vi) 11 × –7 = 11 = 11

(viii) b 19 l × b –5 l = 19 × –5 = 95
4 19 4 × 19 76 –1 2 –1 × 2 2
(vii) –15 × –11 = –15 × –11 = 165

4 27 3 3 –3 20 4 –4 11 24
4
–44
3. (i) 9 × 20 5 = 5 (ii) 5 × 21 7 = 7 (iii) 6 × 5 = 5
–21 3 –10 2 72 8
(vi) d n×d n
13 –3 4 15 16
(iv) 7 × 65 5 = 5 (v) –32 × 8 = –60 35 7 = 7
9
–14 2 15 3 18 2 5511
4. (i) d n = –6 and d n = 22
5 × 7 5 × 9
 b 5 × 7 l + b 5 × 9 l = –6 + 22 = 16.
–14 15 18 55

32 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

 5 4
(ii) b 6 × 7 l – b 8 × 9 l = b 2 l – b 3 l = 2 + 3
35 –3 3 –32 –5 –4 –5 4
2 3
–5 × 3 + 4 × 2 –15 + 8 –7
= 6 = 6 = 6 .
2 3
(iii) b 2 × 5 l + b 5 × 14 l – b 4 × 5 l = (–2) + b 2 l – b 5 l = 1 – 2 – 5
–5 4 7 –15 1 4 –3 1 –2 3 1
2
–2 × 10 – 5 × 3 – 1 × 2 –20 – 15 – 2 –37
= 10 = 10 = 10 .
3 2 2
(iv) b 55 × 9 l – b 18 × 33 l + b 12 × 25 l = 5 – 9 – 5
–27 –11 11 12 5 –24 3 2 2
5 3 3 5
9 × 3 – 5× 2 – 9 × 2 27 – 10 – 18 –1
= 45 = 45 = 45

Exercise 3.6
–1 –a –2
1. (i) 10 (ii) (iii) 5 (iv) –1
b
–6 –14
2. (i) 5 (ii) 3 (iii) –1 (iv) –17 (v) 0
–17 –19 –33
3. (i) –1 (ii) 2 (iii) 4 (iv) 22
–7 1 –7 3 –21 3 –15 3 33 –3
4. (i) 11 ÷ 3 = 11 × 1 = 11 (ii) 11 ÷ 33 = 11 × 15 = 5
16 16 16 –27 4 24 5 –5
(iii) 9 ÷ –27 = 9 × 16 = –3 (iv) –6 ÷ 4 5 = –6 × 5 = –6 × 24 = 4
3 –7 3 8 –6 –3 5 –3 14 –6
5. (i) 4 ÷ 8 = 4 × –7 = 7 (ii) 7 ÷ 14 = 7 × 5 = 5

(iii) –6 ÷ b 9 l = –6 × 2 = 27
–2 –9 –18 –18 –1 2
(iv) 11 ÷ (–9) = 11 × 9 = 11
–17 –17 – 5 –4 –5 3 5
(v) 16 ÷ 1 = 16 (vi) 12 ÷ 3 = 12 × –4 = 16

6. Let the other number be x.

–3 –9
Then, x × 22 = 11

b –9 l
11 –9 –22
⇒ x= = 11 × 3 = 6.
b – 3 l
22
7. Let the other number be x.
20
Then, x × 27 = –5
–5 27 –27
⇒ x= = –5 × 20 = 4 .
b 20 l
27

Rational Numbers 33
Exercise 3.7
–1 0.2 3 0.2727
1. (i) 5 = –0.2 (ii) 11 = 0.27
5 1.0 11 30
– 10 – 22
0 80
– 77
30
– 22
80
–77
3

11 0.366 –23 0.41818

(iii) 30 = 0.36 (iv) 55 = – 0.418
30 110 55 230
– 90 – 220
200 100
– 180 – 55
200 450
– 180 – 440
20 100
–55
450
–440
10

–27 0.675 101 0.3366

(v) 40 = –0.675 (vi) 300 = 0.336
40 270 300 1010
– 240 – 900
300 1100
– 280 – 900
200 2000
– 200 – 1800
0 2000
– 1800
–3
2. (i) 8 → Terminating decimal 200
31
(ii) 62 → Terminating decimal
5
(iii) 6 → Non-terminating repeating decimal
–11
(iv) 12 → Non-terminating repeating decimal
4217
(v) 2000 → Terminating decimal
–227
(vi) 30 → Non-terminating decimal

34 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

 –7
(vii) 1250 → Terminating decimal
4
(viii) 7 → Non-terminating repeating decimal
209
(ix) 1250 → Terminating decimal
–303
(x) 71 → Non-terminating repeating decimal
–3 –19
3. (i) 40 = –0.075 0.075 (ii) 80 = –0.2375 0.2375
40 300 80 190
– 280 – 160
200 300
– 200 – 240
0 600
– 560
400
–400
0
–7 101 6.7333
(iii) 12 = –0.583 0.58333
(iv) 15 = 6.73
12 70 15 101
– 60 – 90
100 110
– 96 – 105
40 50
– 36 – 45
40 50
– 36 – 45
40 50
– 36 – 45
4 5

–103 –159 0.795

(v) 9 = –11.4 (vi) 200 = –0.795
11.444 200 1590
9 103 – 1400
– 99 1900
13 – 1800
–9 1000
40 – 1000
– 36 0
40
– 36
40
– 36
4

Rational Numbers 35
Exercise 3.8
[Note: One can solve the questions given in this Exercise by other methods.]

1. Let x be the number to be added.

–14 –14 –45 + 45 31
Then, –3 + x = 15 ⇒ x = 15 + 3 = 15 = 15 .

2. Let the other number be x.

–17 17 –80 + 17 –63
Then, 16 + x = –5 ⇒ x = –5 + 16 = 16 = 16 .

3. Let x be the other number.

Then, x + b 9 l = 11 .
–2 10

10 2 10 × 9 + 2 × 11 90 + 22 112
⇒ x = 11 + 9 =
11 × 9 = 11 × 9 = 99 .

4. 11 – b 7 l = 11 + 7 =
–7 –5 –7 5 –7 × 7 + 5 × 11 –49 + 55 6
11 × 7 = 77 = 77 .

–5 b –7 l –5 7 –5 × 11 + 7 × 7 –55 + 49 –6
7 – 11 = 7 + 11 =
7 × 11 = 77 = 77 .

They are not equal.

2 182
5. Cost of 1 m of cloth = ` 36 5 = ` 5 .
3 91
15 15 182
 Cost of 2 m of cloth = 2 × 5 = ` 273.
5
6. Weight of one book = 12 kg.
4 5
 Weight of 48 books = 48 × 12 = 20 kg.

7. Let x be the required number.

–8 –32
Then, x × 5 = 35

b –32 l 4
35 –32 5 4
⇒ x= = 35 × 8 = 7 .
b – 8 l 7
5
2 1 17 9 17 × 2 + 9 × 5 34 + 45 79
8. 3 5 + 4 2 = 5 + 2 = 10 = 10 = 10
2
Now, b3 5 + 4 2 l ÷ 2 4 = b 10 l ÷ 4 = 10 × 9 = 45 .
2 1 1 79 9 79 4 158
5
7
9. 0 × 8 = 0.
1 411
10. Cost of 12 bags = ` 205 2 = ` 2 .
411
 Cost of 1 bag = 12 2 = 411 × 1 = 411 = 17 3 = 17 1 .
2 12 24 24 8
1
So, the cost of 1 bag is ` 17 8 .

36 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

Exercise 3.9 : Multiple Choice Questions
–3
1. (d) 4 2. (c) 0
–12 –3 × 4 –3
3. 20 = 5 × 4 = 5 .
–3
(a) 5 .
4. The LCM of 8, 9 and 13 is 8 × 9 × 13.
–10 10 × 8 × 9 –720 –720
13 = 8 × 9 × 13 = 8 × 9 × 13 = 936 .
–3 –3 × 9 × 13 –351
8 = 936 = 936 .
–2 –2 × 8 × 13 –208
9 = 936 = 936 .
–12 –12 × 8 × 9 –864
13 = 936 = 936 .

 –208 > –351 > –720 > –864.

–2
 9 is greater one.
–2
(c) 9 .
–60 –4 × 15 –4 –3 5
5. 75 = 5 × 15 = 5 . 6. (c) 4 > –6 .
–4
(b) 5 .
11 –9 11 × 8 + 9 × 3 88 – 27 61
7. 12 + 32 = 96 = 96 = 96 .
61
(d) 96 .
–5 5 5 5 40 + 30 70 35 11
8. x + 8 = 6 ⇒ x= 6+8 = 48 = 48 = 24 = 1 24 .

11
(b) 1 24 .

9. b 35 l ÷ b 7 l = 35 × –2 = 5 .
–8 –2 –8 7 4

4
(c) 5 .
–17
10. 60 = 0.283 0.2833
60 170
(d) 0.283 .
– 120
500
– 480
200
– 180
200
– 180
20

Rational Numbers 37
 Check Your Understanding
1. (i) False (ii) True (iii) True (iv) False
–15 –3 × 5 –5 10 2×5 –5
(v) 21 = 3 × 7 = 7 and 14 = –2 × 7 = 7 . True. (vi) False

(ii) 8 – b 5 l = 8 + 5 =
–3 –3 4 –3 + 4 1 –5 –3 –5 3 –25 + 24 –1
2. (i) 4 + 1 = 4 + 4 = 4 = 4 . 40 = 40 .
–11 25
(iii) 16 –28
⇒ –11 × 28 = –308; 16 × –25 = –400.
–11 –25
 –308 > –400 ⇒ 16 > 28 .
–17 5 –7 6 –7
(iv) 18 ÷ 6 = 18 × 5 = 15 .
–39 –39 ÷ 13 –3 3
3. 65 = 65 ÷ 13 = 5 = –5 .
–3 –18
4. 4 24
⇒ –3 × 24 = –72 and 4 × (–18) = –72
–3 –18
 1 = 24 .
51 51 ÷ 17 –3 –3
5. (i) –68 = –68 ÷ 17 = 4 = 4 .

(ii) The HCF of 112, 70 is 14. (iii) The HCF of 96, 216 is 24.
–112 –112 ÷ 14 –8 –96 –96 ÷ 24 –4
70 = 70 ÷ 14 = 5 . 216 = 216 ÷ 24 = 9 .

(i) 5 + b 10 l = 10 + 10 = 10 = 10 .
3 –3 6 –3 6–3 3 1 1 3 1 3–1 2
7. (ii) 3 – 9 = 9 – 9 = 9 = 9 .

8. Let x be the required number.

2 –5 –5 2 –5 + 6 1
 x – 5 = 15 ⇒ x = 15 + 5 = 15 = 15 .
9. Let x be the other number.
b –16 l
38
Then, x × 19
4 = –16
⇒ x= = –16 × 194 = –2.
b l
38 4 38
10. Let x be the required number. 19
b –55 l
–55 –11 4
Then, 4 ÷ x = 2 ⇒ x = –11
2
–55 –55 5
⇒ –11 × x = 4 × 2 ⇒ x = –11 × 2 = 2 .
1 6 1 –2 6 –2 × 6 –12
11. (i) 6 × 7 = 7 (ii) 5 × 7 = 5 × 7 = 35
8 –5
12. (i) (c) 13 (ii) (d) 2

(iii) 4 – b 9 l = 4 + 9 =
–3 –8 –3 8 –3 × 9 + 8 × 4 = –27 + 32 = 5
9×4 36 36
5
(b) 36
38 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7