clASSMAtL

Transiton Elemenlk 9 iet 14/03

Chemistry Ttn ium in vartious oxidation stakeu

1 i a white shònng metal havng demity
3558
45 gm/cc,melting point 194OK boiltng point
and atomic numbern l2..
dactronic comftquralion Ar]34 4s
a)
3) t is a good conductor t heat and elactriciky
4) almost unuacive at louw enpenaturt becaute
swrtacu-
a thin 0nicle klm i forned:on its
which o.cth a s a prrotecttve Coattng- upto 6z0k

Jarcious Oxaidattom Stak M

Jtanium shous follouwing oxidaton state tn

itscompound
1
unstabla ztate because t i
T (+T)IN i
a powentkul raducdng agent
a)0,-14-a _onidatt tate eit-nl complexeu
Likr a r very Rorrely tound m itk compounck.
3) T (+TT) :M one o the tubla Atcte o T
which hos d tigunatin and partamüignette
_natuu and duL to d-drtoinmitu) h
Complexe havinq +3 0idodtom Atade a
Colourad
)T(+V)!> & the most commom asd mosE
stobl oxdatton Btate of T Due to dcomfiqunatio
its compounda a t e colouwrless and
diamagnette
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Binary Compounds
Holia
ollauus
Titunium Chloricte is prreparnd as
T O +3C+4c00K Ty+2Co+o
Ptopertus
9 4iA a colourtless covclnt and dia-
0doura
magnetie liquùdhaung pungent
a)DHmeltng point as'c bpih 136
8) fumein moikt air duto the tormottd)
of HcLga
TiO,+ 4HCA()
4)with_nkuticient waten it produce ttanun-
0xochlorcide
TctH,0 TTO, taHc
5 ) t reacth uwith comustrrated"HCL to
Prtoduc chlorcotttuoic.acicd
Ticlyt HCL HTiAL
6) ruactk wtth So to form ttaniunsulprate.
Ticey+6S03 T (sa,)+3 SO Cl
Oxidsing prtoperttyia 0xiclies hydrogen
t6 HC
Tlyt H AtiLtAHCR
11) O oach with rreduchq agent iR
Na, Mg ott to torum ttanthn nietd
TcyAla T+YNact
)Ttanium Oxide
TO prtepevtedby the uctwm of ucden
with titoriumchlonide
 rog S
TiClyt H,0 Ti O +4HCA
Propertiea
twhik cruntalne
N i a powden inaoluble
mphoterur in wuder
a)
behawes05 0 onicl but itshouo
more aLcidL chutacttr tha
ughtly bauic
with NaDH fortmto
So
eack
3ocliumtitanote
TTO taAlaDy
)when heated with Cartbo) mprugenca of c,
NaTO,tH,o
tproducas Tly
To+C+C1 Tly+2C0
4) Actiom with acid'
_diagolves HE to form hextluoro comnlax.
To,+6HE HaTiFs tH,O
S) Reductom
D H ruduc it to: Ti,0
Ti0,+ H Tigog+H%o
uCa, Mg ort A teducaz to T-mettl
TTö,t åCa- T+Cao
Ttanium V) Cpmplexea
T poMtbly enuAt în kolutt o&
&TlDH),, (TiDH)c)", i a.T, (ow),]2+
Compounds 04 Ttaniun with (g1n) oxá"state
Ttanlun torumA dlitetert complex compauncs
in +3 0mideuttim stute.
B vitrziut THD),J", Tiy0
Tid,
D +3 0nicdatton
StateiP hau d1 cwmfigurtatton.
S0, 6uch complexey a e colowted and pcvamagnet
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T+TT) Sfate
Tn +T Astate, Ttanu forms
wmplu
TiO, TX, ett
a s o forns complex ikeTa rcuJ
Her, Ttanium ia in d configurnatron
, Such Compowd are_colourtad and
Paramgnettc
D 15103las.
Chemistry 0f Vanadium in Various
idatom State
he
importtant oidatdn 3takes of vanadium
aut
++3, +y and t5
Th +a stuke is unxtablo winit. H
The +3 Btaut ia stabte
but +5 8tafe
îA dhe most stable state
o vanadium
V +1Y ):>
i very unstabla state o Vanadum
and act as a pouweruful ruducng
agent
Ex VHD), J- colourad duso
d d manstiom
V0, 4 NX, (X E,C,Br T) ekc
) V(+Tr):>
imorca Atabl than VEST):
LRsg ruduung agnt thanV(+9T). H has
d- 8tal Sp, th omplexes aru colourud
and paramagnettc.
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)V+TV):
v(+Tv) Compounda arte Atabla, dun to
d-confi gu
ratiomhese arte paraMagnett and_colourad.
Ex Vo VCy V ett.
4) V(+v):
ThiA the most Stabl oxidattm Atate af vanddiu-
ancl d to smcullerr st and
high_chage it forumA
mDAt stable complexes Due fo d-comf gutotton
8uch complexea ate olourless and diarmagnett
Ex AgVF V,O et
Binary compounds of Vand.dim i n diferant
Gdito Oxidatim Stoke:

Hydridos
Vanadtum roact with_ hydnoge to forum
non-stoichio metri hydrides,V When
hudrtogen enters nto inteutitial position of he metal
H_metal_Lattece em.poncl and volume become
morte So, the density o hudrida.become am than
te metal
a)Carbide
When Vanadiumonide is heated with carbon
then Carbides pkVC VC and Vycg arte farmec
These Carrbidea uact with wcter to prwdus

acctylene
VC taH0 VCOH), + H
3) Nitrudes
Wanadium combines with Nitrroqen at high

Hemp do prwduco nitrudes stch ag VN Cind Vng

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4) Halidu in auds
Vanadium fortms hatid
uch a
VXa Yx 3) VO, (VO)
dnd VFs» wher x: halege). AL Puparration
Y hydrolyted
halidu ar vo latile, cohlct and P+ 6 pruparacd by he mild rrduckon o VO,
by wattu VO+So
5)Ondu Vanadium ruact, with ouyqan aut high
Propertiu
V,0, V DA nd-state . So, it
ia coloursd
demp o form V,OF(Vanacliumpentoxide) and patamagnekc.
other 0ides such a amphoBeuc bxidle 60 diAsolva in acids
alsoforums ) ia an
and baks
4) VO
PrupanationProperutie Preparatton
)Vo ort VO, Hypo Vanadous 0xida) prfponecbyhaattng
ammmiumvancadake
Prpaotto), NHVD3) on nm_hydrrotyain af vanadyloxochleruda-
of V,Oy otth a NHyvD
reponed by the uducton
H at 170ot aVOck3t3,0 V,Ot6HC
3NO+BH,0 Propertiua
PropeutiaS has d-configuratiom and shouldbe colcun-
1m VD, ViA in_d-state, 30_it A coloured LRAs but it i oange în colou duua to charge
a) _a
basic 0ucda und formg.camplaxu 4rransfen tronsitom dnd carttan dekct n nutal
with amine u) 0nidlisea H to
a)V032 V,O+GHCL JVOU,t3H,0+C02
Hupanation i a amphotuuc cnd &0luble n acdcds cncl basu
&prupáren by dhe rucducttom 0i N,Or- 0stoHCu avot3to+C2
with Cartbon at high
temp OtGNaDH NajVO+3H,O
V,O+ C VDa+CD O n ccaction with catbom tgives Vanadumcarcbide
Hoperrties' uuc+s0
h V03 V is in_c-Atale.b, it is coloured V mdergoes ruersible dissciatin_at 700k to
and
patamagnet-t U a bauic oxideLto diple 41ar K
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Onidattm stafe.
Oxd'stakeof cFluoridas Chlorides Bramids Todides
various
Chemistrs o Chrcomiumin +2 Cncla Crbny Crnt,
Onidation Stute +3 G CrBrgrt
nidaton Atate
of Cr a r
Tmportant + CnEy
and t6 The ta stake of C +S Cnfs
ta,t3,+4,+5
oru most
l e s s Btabl whila its +3stute 5Oxids.
n a u and
Btabla Ct m ts 8iede d very Crr torums many 0xides 4uch as C O3 C 0,
unstablwhile Cn (t6) stuk a veruy Cro and Co
Pouerful ortdant_in acid xolution CiO,2
i the most stabl oxida ot Chrmiunm.
Binary Compounds of Cr n various Prepatation
Oidodion_stute D DH ts prupanud by tha thenmal decomposition
1) Hydrid of ammoniumdichomate
C doesnt rum defnite hydnides (NHyCr,0, A Ct,0+ Nt P
a) Carbldes 4 Nltrides> n) ¥ ih also -forcmed when Cr metal è burnt
when Cn raacth with carbon it forums in a i r
Carbides Such as CrC and Cng
it forma_
HOnt30,-
When Cr reacta with nlitrogen Properties
nitrudes 8uch u GTN and CuN a arn solid
) Sulphids u i uss Xoluble in war.
Chrtomiun monosulphice is prupard by t h )LOhen NaDH i added to Ca ton zolutiom
ruactiono Ca4 Sulphun at high tempt pracipitaton o. hydratd oxide à orome
CtS hgh temp CS intnd of_ CrloH)
Similanly CS, & tormed by the riaacht C OH C 0),
o4 HS hd Cnog a)CrO CChrtomiumORide)
Cr,Ot 3HS Cn,S+3H,0 Pruparation
Halides preaupared by the hydreothexmal reductton
Chrromium forma diHerent haltides of CnO
at diRerunt
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Properky Chomistruy of Manganese in ik vaniou 0xditato
rutu (Tic) strruilura,
T + has an undisociated
Btauke
Important onidadion 8 tuk of Monganese aru
3) Crog
+2,+3, +4,+S,t6 and t7. Mn (+19) % veru
Praparation
prupaned by the reaction a Hso, 81able Btate of manganese. Sorne wmtabu
on nlar01 stat ot Manganesë ac Mo, Mn and Ma:
Na,n,b, tH,SO Na,30taCrogtHD
Prropentiea BinyCompounds
1 highy poisanoud 1)Sulphide
giucs Chromi.cadd sulphides, MnS and Mns,
O n reactim with water Mn foruns two
CrOg+H,0 HOrOy Prreparattom i2
n dissolves în_alkali 8olution to give Chromat u prepared uwhan Mn ruact with alkati
iom metalaulphte
C1DtaNaDH MoS turm brtown om omidatton and it has
O n ruacthon with H t #orum Chruomipchlorude wurtzik and zhe blencle. &ructuru
(Cr0C2 Hatldes
di Plerent midation
CrOg+H Cro,, +H0 Vorious halide ot Mo in
4) Cro CChrtomiumOxida) Btat au
Praparcaton Ond'steteMnFuoruds ehlorids Bromidu| Todides
preparod- by heata C0 with UuC Mof2
Mnd MoBr M2
0+CC 3h0+c +3 Mof3
Properdie +y Mofy
) io black substunti Dihalida
u) D disolves in acidy to -fortim Theae are zoubla, _waer and has
hydragen gas
OnO+ 3HSDy Cn,sa), +H2¥atð. octahedrral 8tructu
Treihalldes
Mn forums omly MnEg
rcacts wtIy water to ve MnO2
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4) MnO
Telrahulidu
Pruparattom
Mn dorums mly Moty af ME
by the
reaction
N prupared by heating MntuO3), at a0oc
Prapaud
Mn(NO,)6H,O300 Mo0, + aNO,+6H,o
ilh E at y0oc
M Propertis!
QMnF tF
) i black in colout_and insolubl in waten.
3)0du
M form
0xide suth
u MnD,nOyn0, On o3trong heateng prcodus Mn203 and Mo,0,
)On
Mao and Mob, yMno, r10 Mo,D,+°2
3Mo0,Afrm Mo,b,+0
Mn. hatthg
with acicsit torums Aau
f o u n d in natwu as manganesite )On rraacttom
uen_minerak
¥ u prapated by ha MoO+ UHCL Mnl2 +ClataH,O
8 or
by
hemal decompositon of
carbomats
) Mo,0
heating Mo0, wth H
i n prteported by th raacion o KMnOy with
MiD,AMnO+C0O conc HSO
MoOgtH Mo0*H0 akMno HS0 KSQ,+M0, +HO
opertiu Proporkies
) When htated with Dgtgives M9 i a dank olve-gruun liauic
4mn0+0, Mo,0 eplodes at 1oc
) r e a c t s wh ccid to' form mnanganous alt: aMn,0 MoO,+30
MoO+HCL MnClg tH,0 ) is a strong oxidant
(A) Mn,Oy. 1On rreaction with water tt gives pertmanganic
prepared by heathq othon 0xides of acid
Mn at i000 c Mo0,+H0 aHMaOOy-
Prropectieu
) ha tetragonal structwru du to Jahn
Telltn ditorttiom
)MO0,
endsts a aand B toumg Tt occwu y
ha mimeral mognetik
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Chemixtry y_ rom in ith

varuouu
clatton
oxicdas
Bolutiom of FeloH),
Stutu' Feclg+30- Fe (o1),t+ 3HC
oidatbn
ktate of r m forun ot dimner
(u Ferrtic chloucl remam in
importast the a
The
LY aluo Ahot the
+2,t3,4,+ 4 t6 ieFe,C in vapour form as wel as n oTganie
0 in (Fe(Coy] ang
0. of-a_in e Cco 30lvent
+i in [(7-GH,),FA (Co ).Onide:
T #ortma two vey commom 0ucde. i.e.
o Dron.2
Binary Compoundla Fe04 Fe,0
Halide UFeo.(fertrous Oxide)
di and trihalide.
Generally ron forrmA PrepanaRom.
1) FecL (Dnon chlericla)> i S prteparradwhan ferutouk oxalate ix

Pruparathion heated n the absenco_a4 ar.

HCLoverhaked .
ipreparad bs pasAing FeC,0 4 0 Fetco+CD2
FetHC eltH,
Propertius
Propartiea b u r s _ar to fori krnie caida
O Fecl, when heated qives ferrit oxida 4 derri 4Fe0 +0
chloridu 9 disolvesnHC,HSO Rte. to tormn
12Fec t 30 dftO +8fecl Corrspomding 8aut
U) T forums FecuNH2 with ammoniu at Feo+Hu FeC tH,
rbom ttmperatune )Fe0 (Irro 0aida lEeriie oxida)
Fecl, (gron" chlortide Feutitchloride) Prraportatln
When dry chlorane gas d pasAed over U) h nafure, itA avaitabu as Hematike Core)
heated ron then Eec i formad and Nmonthe
aFe+3Ck FeCd (02 TH prepared by rroastng Iron pyritesl FeS2)
w
Fertrihydtoxidu on rreaction with dil Ha in airr
prtbducey Fecs 4FeS, +110, eDat 8S02
FeloH),+3H FeCl, +3H m) also prepantd by heakng FSOy Fe(co3)
Propertie: Fe No at high temp
( aq: Medium Fecda hudrokses ogue acck FeSO, 0 aa
Fp+S0t 0
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(3) Sulphides:
rron forms &ulphidlu such au bes,eS,and
FRS
Omplexu r o n ( I T >
Fe(r) iA in d-stale. So,it complexes
ane qnerally otahedmat
4 ) V Titrahedral Compluxes ot R
ar not Common_but complex guch aa

FX Ahouo tetnahedral structura.

Fe(IT) alko torum one Aquaru plannar
Complax e. elCClyLPcgCH2
m +99 0ntdetidm Btatt Fe iz d S
Btatt and in thia tatt t e Complaxes4
fortmed by rmom Cuu mosty octahednal.
3-
ett

B pris>
The prtihiplu ihvolved is that fert galt
Containing raductant anton ie. 0Malase,
Ctradeete when expoAed to ainqat
reducka to Feutou AaLtA Thi fack i
sed n making blue prins