Introduction to Energy Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Introduction
Energy Engineering
By

Prof. Y. D. Kokate
 Syllabus
us
Unit 1: Introduction and Thermal Power Plant
A)Power Generation : global scenario, present status of power generation in India, in Maharashtra, Role of private and
governmental organizations, load shedding, carbon credits, pitfalls in power reforms, concept of cascade efficiency.
B)Thermal Power Plant : General layout of modern thermal power plant with different circuits, site selection criteria,
classification of coal, coal blending, coal beneficiation, selection of coal for thermal power plant, slurry type fuels,
pulverized fuel handling systems, fuel burning methods, FBC systems, high pressure boilers, ash handling system,
Rankine cycle with reheat and regeneration (Numerical Treatment), steam power plants with process heating (Numerical
Treatment)

Unit 2: Steam Condenser and Environmental Impacts of Thermal Power Plant

A)Steam Condenser : Necessity of steam condenser, elements of steam condensing plant, classification, cooling water
requirements, condenser efficiency, vacuum efficiency (Numerical Treatment), cooling towers, air leakage and its effects
on condenser performance, air pumps (Numerical Treatment for Air Pump capacity)
B)Environmental impact of thermal power plants : Different pollutants from thermal power plants, their effects on human
health and vegetation, methods to control pollutants such as particulate matter; oxides of sulphur; oxides of nitrogen,
dust handling systems, ESP, scrubbers, water pollution, thermal pollution, noise pollution from TPP and its control
 Syllabus
Unit 3: Hydroelectric and Nuclear Power Plant
A)Hydroelectric Power Plant : site selection, classification of HEPP (based on head, nature of load, water quantity), criteria
for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow
duration curve ,mass curve, (Numerical Treatment) environmental impacts of HEPP
B)Nuclear Power Plants : elements of NPP, types of nuclear reactor (PWR, BWR, CANDU, GCR, LMCR, OMCR, fast
breeder, fusion), material for nuclear fuel, cladding, coolants, control rod and shielding, nuclear waste disposal,
environmental impacts of NPP

Unit 4: Diesel and Gas Turbine Power plant

A)Diesel Power Plants : applications, components of DPP, different systems of DPP, plant layout, performance of DPP
(Numerical Treatment) advantages & disadvantages of diesel power plant, environmental impacts of DPP
B)Gas Turbine Power Plant : general layout of GTPP, components of GTPP, open, closed & semi-closed cycle gas turbine
plant, Brayton cycle analysis for thermal efficiency, work ratio, maximum & optimum pressure ratio, methods to
improve thermal efficiency of GTPP: inter-cooling; reheating & regeneration cycle (numerical treatment), gas and steam
turbine combined cycle plant, environmental impacts of GTPP
 Syllabus
Unit 5: Non-Conventional Power Plants
Solar Power Plant based on: flat plate collector, solar ponds, parabolic solar collector, heliostat, solar chimney, SPV cell
based plants: working principal, solar photovoltaic systems, applications Geothermal Plant: superheated steam system,
flash type, binary cycle plant.
Tidal Power Plant: components, single basin, double basin systems. OTEC Plant: principal of working, Claude cycle,
Anderson Cycle. MHD Power Generation : Principal of working, Open Cycle MHD generator, closed cycle MHD
generators. Fuel cell : alkaline, acidic, proton-exchange membrane
Wind Power Plant : wind availability, wind mills and subsystems, classification of wind turbines, operating
characteristics, wind solar hybrid power plants, challenges in commercialization of non-conventional power plants,
environmental impacts of NCPP
Unit 6: Instrumentation and Economics of Power Plant
A)Power Plant Instruments : layout of electrical equipment, generator, exciter, generator cooling, short circuits & limiting
methods, switch gear, circuit breaker, power transformers, methods of earthling, protective devices & control system
used in power plants, measurement of high voltage, current and power, control room
B)Economics of Power Generation : cost of electric energy, fixed and operating cost [methods to determine depreciation
cost] (Numerical Treatment), selection and type of generation, selection of generation equipment , load curves,
performance and operation characteristics of power plants, load division, all terms related to fluctuating load plant
(Numerical Treatment)
Reference
Books
 Course
Outcome
On completion of the course, students will be able to -
1.Describe the power generation scenario, the layout components of thermal power plant and
analyze the improved Rankin cycle, Cogeneration cycle
2.Analyze the steam condensers, recognize the an environmental impacts of thermal power
plant and method to control the same
3.Recognize the layout, component details of hydroelectric power plant and nuclear power
plant
4.Realize the details of diesel power plant, gas power plant and analyze gas turbine power
cycle
5.Emphasize the fundaments of non-conventional power plants
6.Describe the different power plant electrical instruments and basic principles of economics of
power generation.
 Electric Energy
Advantages of Electric energy over other forms
Convenient form - it can be easily transformed into other forms of energy- like heat, light,
mechanical energy.
Control - ease of control. Flexibility -Transportation. Cost - Cheaper.
Cleanliness - free from smoke, fumes and poisonous gases.
Efficiency and Reliability.
Electric Energy
• Electric Generator is a device
which converts mechanical energy
in to electric energy
• Electric generators work on the
principle of electromagnetic
induction.
• It requires prime movers for
electric energy generation
• Generally Turbines are used as
prime movers
 Power plant engineering
Power plant engineering or power station engineering is
defined as “ the engineering and technology required for the
production of central station electric power”.
The field is focused on the generation of power for
industries and communities, not for household power
production.
The field is an interdisciplinary field, using the theoretical
base of both mechanical and electrical engineering.
The engineering aspect of power plant management has
evolved with technology and has become progressively more
complicated.
Energy generation scenario of India
 Energy generation scenario of India
Installed Power Station Capacity in India as of November 30, 2020
Thermal (MW)
Renewabl e
Nuclear Hydro (MW) Total (MW)
Sector (MW)
Sub-Total (MW)
Coal Lignite Gas Diesel
Thermal

Central 59,790.00 3,140.00 7,237.91 0.00 70,167.91 6,780.00 15,346.72 1,632.30 93,926.93

State 65,631.50 1,290.00 7,119.85 236.01 74,277.36 0.00 26,958.50 2,381.53 103,617.39

Private 74,173.00 1,830.00 10,598.74 273.70 86,875.45 0.00 3,394.00 86,385.27 176,654.72

All India 199,594.50 6,260.00 24,956.51 509.71 231,320.72 6,780.00 45,699.22 90,399.11 374,199.04

Percentage 53.34 1.67 6.67 0.14 61.82 1.81 12.21 24.16 100
 Energy generation scenario
Electricity
Electricity
RankCountry/region production Rank Country/Region
consumption(kW·h/yr)
(GWh)
N/A World total 27,644,800 — World 21,776,088,770,300
1 China 7,422,100
1 China 6,310,000,000,000
2 United States 5,902,000
2 United States 3,911,000,000,000
3 India 2,561,100 3 India 1,547,000,000,000
4 Russia 1,110,800 4 Russia 1,065,000,000,000
5 Japan 1,051,600 5 Japan 934,000,000,000
6 Canada 954,400 6 Germany 533,000,000,000
7 South Korea 794,300 7 Canada 528,000,000,000
8 Brazil 688,000 8 Brazil 518,000,000,000
9 Germany 648,700 9 Korea, South 495,000,000,000
10 France 574,200 10 France 431,000,000,000

List of countries by electricity List of countries by electricity

production consumption
 Role of Government in energy
sector
1) National thermal power corporation (NTPC)
2) Rural Electrification corporation (REC)
3) Nuclear Power Corporation (NPC)
4) National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC)
5) Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL)
6) State Electricity Boards (SEB’s)
Thank You