Here are the answers for the provided science question paper:

### I. Choose the correct answer:

1. **When an obstacle comes in a path of light, a shadow is formed.**

**Answer: (b) shadow**

2. **There are 4 different types of teeth in an adult's mouth.**

**Answer: (b) 4**

3. **In a vacuum, light travels at a speed of 3x10⁸ m/s.**

**Answer: (a) 3x10⁸ m/s**

4. **Roughage helps to remove waste materials from the body.**

**Answer: (c) roughage**

5. **Protein is a nutrient essential for growing children.**

**Answer: (a) Proteins**

---

### II. Fill in the blanks:

1. **Esophagus is also known as the food pipe.**

2. **Canines are front teeth used for cutting and tearing food.**

3. **Saliva makes food soft and wet enough to swallow from the mouth.**

4. **Enamel is the outermost layer of the crown in teeth and the hardest substance in our body.**

---

### III. Do as directed:

1. **Draw a well-labeled diagram of Kidneys:**

*(Refer to a biology textbook for the diagram.)*

2. **Draw a well-labeled diagram of the structure of a tooth:**

*(Refer to a biology textbook for the diagram.)*

---

### IV. Answer any 4 of the following questions:

1. **Name the 3 organ systems of our body:**

- Digestive system

- Respiratory system

- Nervous system

2. **Explain how (a) teeth (b) small intestine help in digestion of food:**

- **Teeth**: Help in chewing food into smaller pieces, making it easier to digest.

- **Small intestine**: Absorbs nutrients from digested food and transfers them to the bloodstream.

3. **What do you mean by reflection of light?**

Reflection of light is the bouncing back of light rays when they hit a smooth surface like a mirror.

4. **What is solar eclipse? How does it occur?**

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking sunlight
partially or completely.

5. **Name any 2 natural and 2 man-made sources of light:**

- Natural sources: Sun, fireflies

- Man-made sources: Light bulb, candle

---
### V. Think and answer:

1. **If you shine a flashlight on a red object, what color will the shadow be? Why?**

The shadow will be black because shadows are formed where light is blocked, and no light reaches
that area.

2. **A boy is trying to see a candle using a curved pipe. Will he be able to see the candle? How?**

No, the boy cannot see the candle if the pipe blocks the straight-line path of light because light
travels in a straight line.

3. **Arjun needs a lot of energy for a sport. Which type of food items should he take? Reason to take
them:**

Arjun should take energy-rich foods like carbohydrates (e.g., rice, bread) and proteins (e.g., eggs,
pulses). These provide energy and help in muscle repair.

4. **A beam of light falls on a glass, paper, and steel spoon. Which object allows light to pass through
it? Why?**

Glass allows light to pass through it because it is transparent, unlike paper and steel, which are
opaque.

### Points to Prevent Global Warming:

- **Reduce pollution** by using less plastic and recycling waste.

- **Save energy** by turning off lights and electronics when not in use.

- Use **public transport**, bicycles, or walk instead of cars.

- Plant more **trees** to absorb carbon dioxide.

- Use **clean energy** like solar or wind instead of coal or oil.

### Corresponding Questions:

1. **How can we reduce pollution to prevent global warming?**

2. **Why is saving energy important to prevent global warming?**

3. **What are better ways to travel to reduce global warming?**

4. **How does planting trees help fight global warming?**

5. **What type of energy is better for preventing global warming?**

`tmpfs` (temporary filesystem) is a temporary, memory-backed filesystem in Linux and other Unix-like
operating systems. It uses the system's RAM (or swap if necessary) to store files, making it extremely
fast compared to disk-based storage. However, the data in `tmpfs` is **not persistent** and is lost
when the system is restarted or the filesystem is unmounted.

---

### **Key Features of `tmpfs`:**

1. **Speed**: Since it resides in RAM, file access is significantly faster than disk.

2. **Temporary Storage**: Data exists only while the system is running.

3. **Dynamic Size**: Automatically adjusts its size, using only the required amount of RAM and swap
space.

4. **Efficient Use of Memory**: Unused parts of a `tmpfs` do not consume physical memory.

5. **Volatile**: All data is lost upon reboot or unmounting.

---

### **Common Use Cases for `tmpfs`:**

1. **Caching**: Temporary data storage for high-speed access.

2. **Shared Memory**: Used by processes to share data efficiently.

3. **Temporary Directories**: Such as `/tmp` for storing temporary system or application files.

4. **Kubernetes `emptyDir` Volumes**: When configured with `medium: "Memory"`, it uses `tmpfs`
for temporary storage.

---

### **Mounting a `tmpfs` Manually**

You can manually create and use a `tmpfs` in Linux with the following steps:

1. **Command**:

```bash
 sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=100M tmpfs /mnt/tmpfs

```

- `-t tmpfs`: Specifies the type of filesystem.

- `-o size=100M`: Limits the size of the `tmpfs` to 100 MB.

- `/mnt/tmpfs`: Directory where the `tmpfs` will be mounted.

2. **Verify**:

```bash

df -h /mnt/tmpfs

```

Output will show the size and usage of the mounted `tmpfs`.

3. **Unmount**:

```bash

sudo umount /mnt/tmpfs

```

---

### **`tmpfs` in Kubernetes**

When using `tmpfs` with Kubernetes, an `emptyDir` volume can be configured to use memory:

```yaml

volumes:

- name: shared-data

emptyDir:

medium: "Memory"

```

This ensures that the `emptyDir` volume is stored in RAM for fast, temporary storage.
---

Would you like to explore more examples or use cases for `tmpfs`?