This document outlines a Docker Certified Associate course from KPLABS that covers topics related to working with Docker images like building images from Dockerfiles, managing images with the Docker CLI, pushing/pulling images to registries, and optimizing images. The course consists of 19 modules that cover topics such as image layers, the COPY and ADD instructions, tagging images, committing container changes, pruning/inspecting images, and using caches to optimize builds.
This document outlines a Docker Certified Associate course from KPLABS that covers topics related to working with Docker images like building images from Dockerfiles, managing images with the Docker CLI, pushing/pulling images to registries, and optimizing images. The course consists of 19 modules that cover topics such as image layers, the COPY and ADD instructions, tagging images, committing container changes, pruning/inspecting images, and using caches to optimize builds.
This document outlines a Docker Certified Associate course from KPLABS that covers topics related to working with Docker images like building images from Dockerfiles, managing images with the Docker CLI, pushing/pulling images to registries, and optimizing images. The course consists of 19 modules that cover topics such as image layers, the COPY and ADD instructions, tagging images, committing container changes, pruning/inspecting images, and using caches to optimize builds.
This document outlines a Docker Certified Associate course from KPLABS that covers topics related to working with Docker images like building images from Dockerfiles, managing images with the Docker CLI, pushing/pulling images to registries, and optimizing images. The course consists of 19 modules that cover topics such as image layers, the COPY and ADD instructions, tagging images, committing container changes, pruning/inspecting images, and using caches to optimize builds.
RUN tar -xJf /usr/src/things/big.tar.xz -C /usr/src/things RUN make -C /usr/src/things all
RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/things \
&& curl -SL http://example.com/big.tar.xz \ | tar -xJC /usr/src/things \ && make -C /usr/src/things all
. Module 4: EXPOSE Instruction The EXPOSE instruction informs Docker that the container listens on the specified network ports at runtime.
The EXPOSE instruction does not actually publish the port.
It functions as a type of documentation between the person who builds the image and the person who runs the container, about which ports are intended to be published.
Module 5: HEALTHCHECK Instruction
HEALTHCHECK instruction Docker allows us to tell the platform on how to test that our application is healthy.
When Docker starts a container, it monitors the process that the container runs. If the process ends, the container exits.
That's just a basic check and does not necessarily tell the detail about the application.
We can specify certain options before the CMD operation, these includes:
● --timeout=DURATION (default: 30s) ● --start-period=DURATION (default: 0s) ● --retries=N (default: 3) Module 6: ENTRYPOINT Instruction The best use for ENTRYPOINT is to set the image’s main command
ENTRYPOINT doesn’t allow you to override the command.
It is important to understand the distinction between CMD and ENTRYPOINT.
Sample Code Snippet:
FROM ubuntu ENTRYPOINT ["top", "-b"] CMD ["-c"]
Module 7: WORKDIR Instruction
The WORKDIR instruction sets the working directory for any RUN, CMD, ENTRYPOINT, COPY and ADD instructions that follow it in the Dockerfile
The WORKDIR instruction can be used multiple times in a Dockerfile
Sample Snippet:
● WORKDIR /a ● WORKDIR b ● WORKDIR c ● RUN pwd
Output = /a/b/c
Module 8: ENV Instruction
The ENV instruction sets the environment variable <key> to the value <value>.
Example Snippet:
ENV NGINX 1.2
RUN curl -SL http://example.com/web-$NGINX.tar.xz RUN tar -xzvf web-$NGINX.tar.xz
You can use -e, --env, and --env-file flags to set simple environment variables in the container you’re running or overwrite variables that are defined in the Dockerfile of the image you’re running.
Example Snippet:
docker run --env VAR1=value1 --env VAR2=value2 ubuntu env | grep VAR
Module 9: Tagging Docker Images
Docker tags convey useful information about a specific image version/variant.
They are aliases to the ID of your image which often look like this: 8f5487c8b942
Module 10: Docker Commit
Whenever you make changes inside the container, it can be useful to commit a container’s file changes or settings into a new image.
By default, the container being committed and its processes will be paused while the image is committed.
Syntax:
docker container commit CONTAINER-ID myimage01
The --change option will apply Dockerfile instructions to the image that is created.
Supported Dockerfile instructions:
CMD | ENTRYPOINT | ENV | EXPOSE
LABEL | ONBUILD | USER | VOLUME | WORKDIR
Module 11: Docker Image Layers
A Docker image is built up from a series of layers.
Each layer represents an instruction in the image’s Dockerfile.
11.1 Difference Between Docker Containers and Docker Image
The major difference between a container and an image is the top writable layer.
All writes to the container that adds new or modifies existing data are stored in this writable layer. 11.2 Understanding Image Layers:
Analyzing the first three image layers:
Analyzing the size of all the layers
Module 12: Managing Images with CLI
Docker CLI can be used to manage various aspects related to Docker Images which include building, removing, saving, tagging, and others. We should be familiar with the docker image child-commands
Here are some of the sample commands that are available.
A Docker Image contains lots of information, some of these include:
● Creation Date ● Command ● Environment Variables ● Architecture ● OS ● Size
docker image inspect command allows us to see all the information associated with a docker image.
Module 14: Pruning Images
docker image prune command allows us to clean up unused images.
By default, the above command will only clean up dangling images.
Dangling Images = Image without Tags and Image not referenced by any container Module 15: Flattening Docker Images In a generic scenario, the more the layers an image has, the more the size of the image.
Some of the image sizes go from 5GB to 10GB.
Flattening an image to a single layer can help reduce the overall size of the image.
Module 16: Docker Registry
A Registry a stateless, highly scalable server-side application that stores and lets you distribute Docker images.
Docker Hub is the simplest example that all of us must have used.
There are various types of registry available, which includes:
To push the image to a central registry like DockerHub, there are three steps:
1. Authenticate your Docker client to the Docker Registry
2. Tag Docker Image with Registry Repository and optional image tag.
docker tag busybox 5066/mydemo:v1
3. Push Image using docker push command:
docker push 5066/mydemo:v1
Module 17: Applying Filters for Docker Images
Description Command
Search for Busybox image docker search busybox
Search for Busybox image with Max Result of 5 docker search busybox --limit 5
Filter only official images docker search --filter is-official=true nginx
Module 18: Moving Images Across Hosts
Example Use-Case:
James has created an application based on Docker. He has the image file in his laptop.
He wants to send the image to Matthew over email.
The docker save command will save one or more images to a tar archive
Example Snippet:
docker save busybox > busybox.tar
The docker load command will load an image from a tar archive
Example Snippet: docker load < busybox.tar
Module 19: Build Cache
Docker creates container images using layers.
Each command that is found in a Dockerfile creates a new layer.
Docker uses a layer cache to optimize the process of building Docker images and make it faster.
If the cache can’t be used for a particular layer, all subsequent layers won’t be loaded from the cache.
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