In each of the following figures, find the area of the shaded region.

(1 − 8)
1. y 2. y
y = x6 y = x 2 − 3x + 5

x x
O 1 O 2

3. y 4. y
y = x 3 − 2x − 3
x = (3y − 2)2

x
−1 O
2
3

x
O 4

5. y 6. y

y = x (x + 1)(x − 2) 1
y=
x 3 x
−2 −1 O 2
2

x
O

11.1
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 7. y 8. y

π
y= 5
9

π
1 3
y = x = sin 3y
x

x
x −1 O
O 1 2 1

9. In the figure, the areas of regions I, II and III are 0.5, 2.5 and 0.3 respectively. Find the value of each of
the following definite integrals.
y

y = f(x)

II

x
a O b III c
I

c
(a) ∫b f ( x) dx
b
(b) ∫a f ( x) dx
c
(c) ∫a f ( x) dx

Find the area bounded by each of the following sets of lines and curves. (10 − 12)

10. y = x 2 − 2 x − 3, x = 2 , x = 4

11. y = x 3 + x + 2, the x-axis, the y-axis, x = −2

x
12. y = cos , the x-axis, x = 0 , x = 2π
2

11.2
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
In each of the following figures, find the area of the shaded region. (13 − 18)
13. y 14. y

y = 2x 2 y = x3

y=x

(1, 1)
y = −x + 2
x
O 1 x
O 2
2

15. y 16. y

y = (x − 3)2 + 1

(4, 2) y= 2x − 4

x
O 2 6
x
O 2 3.5 5 x + y = −x + 6
y = − 3
2

17. y 18. y

y= x
(4, 2)

y=2
x
O 2 (1, 1)
y= 1
y=x−2 x
x
−2 O

y = − 3x + 4

19. In the figure, find the area bounded by the curves y = 9x 2 and y = x 2, y

the lines y = 1 and y = 9. y = 9x 2 y = x2

y=9

y=1
x
O

11.3
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 x2 y 2 y
20. In the figure, the equation of the ellipse is + = 1. Show that
a2 b2 x2 + y2 =
the area of the ellipse is πab by definite integration. b a2 b2
1

−a x
O a

−b

21. In the figure, the curve x = y 2 − 3 y and the line y = − x intersect at P y

and O. x = y 2 − 3y
y = −x
(a) Find the coordinates of P. P
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

x
O

22. Find the area bounded by the curve y = 2 x − x 2, the x-axis and the
lines x = −2 and x = 3.

23. In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curves x = 5 − y 2 y

2
and x = y − 3. Find the area of the shaded region. x=5−y 2
x = y2 − 3

x
O

24. (a) The shaded region in the figure is bounded by the curves y
2
y = x and y = 2 2 x . Find the area of the shaded region. y = x2
y = 2 2x
(b) The line joining the points of intersection of the curves divides
the shaded region into A1 and A2. Find the ratio of the area of A1 A1

to that of A2. A2

x
O

11.4
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 y
25. (a) Find ∫ x cos x dx. y = f (x )
(b) The figure shows two curves y = f (x) and y = g (x) intersecting y = g (x )
π
π 3π 3π ( 3 , 1)
at three points (0, 0), ( , 1) and ( , 1) for 0 ≤ x ≤ . If 2
2 2 2 π
g ( x) − f ( x) = 2x cos x, find the area of the shaded region. ( , 1)
2
x
O π 3π
2 2

y
26. Let f (x) be a function defined on − 4 ≤ x ≤ 6 . The figure shows a
sketch of y = f ' ( x), where − 4 ≤ x ≤ 6 . The areas of the shaded regions
I, II and III are 3, 10 and 2 respectively.
y = f (x)
(a) Write down the x-coordinates of the maximum and minimum
points of the curve y = f (x) on − 4 ≤ x ≤ 6 . I
III
x
(b) Given that f (−2) = 1, find the values of the following. −4 −2 O 4 6
II
(i) f (4)
(ii) f (6)
(iii) f (−4)

27. In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y = k 2 tan 2 kx y

and the line y = mx , where m is a constant and k > 0 . The x-coordinate

π
of one of the intersection of the curve and the line is .
4k y = k 2 tan 2 k x
y = mx
(a) Find the value of m.
(b) If 2 ≤ k ≤ 8 , find the greatest area of the shaded region as k varies.
x
O π
4k

28. (a) In the figure, the equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 = 2. Show that y

the area of the circle is 2π by definite integration. x2 + y2 = 2

x
O

11.5
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 (b) Find the area bounded by the curves y = x 2 and y = x. ! y

(c) Using the results of (a) and (b), or otherwise, evaluate y= x

1 2 2
∫0 ( 2 − x − x ) dx.
y = x2

x
O

29. The figure shows the curve y 2 = 4 x , the lines y = − x + 8 and y

x − 2 y − 5 = 0. B
y 2 = 4x
(a) Find the coordinates of A, B and D. A x − 2y − 5 = 0
(b) Find the area of region OACD. C (7, 1)
x
O
(c) Find the area of region ABC. D

y = −x + 8

30. In the figure, straight line L is the tangent to curve C: y = x 3 + 1 at y

the point Q(1, 2), and it cuts curve C again at point P. C: y = x3 + 1

(a) Find the equation of L. L

(b) Find the coordinates of P.

Q (1, 2)
(c) Find the area of shaded region. O
x

31. In the figure, the tangents to the curve y = 2x 2 at the points P(−3, 18) y

and Q(1, 2) intersect at R. y = 2x 2

(a) Find the coordinates of R.

(b) Find the area of shaded region. P (−3, 18)

Q (1, 2)
x
R O

11.6
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 12 12
32. Let f ( x) = − − 1, where x ≠ ±3.
x−3 x+3
(a) Find the x-intercepts and y-intercept of the graph of y = f (x).
(b) (i) Find f ' ( x).
(ii) Find f " ( x).
(iii) Hence find the turning point(s) of the graph of y = f (x) and show that there are no points of
inflexion for the graph.
(c) Find the asymptote(s) of the graph of y = f (x).
(d) Sketch the graph of y = f (x).
(e) Let S be the area bounded by the graph of y = f (x), the lines x = 9, x = k (k > 9) and y = −1. Express S
in terms of k. Hence prove that S < 12 ln 2 .

In each of the following figures, find the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the shaded
region, where ‘ ’ indicates the axis of revolution. (33 − 39)

33. y 34. y

y = x (3 − x)

y=2 x

x x
O 3 O 2

35. y 36. y
y = 4x − 2

2 2 y = x2

1
x y=2−x
O 1
2 x
O 1

11.7
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
37. y 38. y

y = x2
y = sin x
y= x
1

x
O π
x
O 1

39. y

y2 = x3

(4, 8)

x
O 2

In each of the following figures, find the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the shaded
region, where ‘ ’ indicates the axis of revolution. (40 − 44)

40. y 41. y

1
x=
2
y = 8 − x2
π
1
2 x = cos y
2
y=4

x
O
x
O

42. y 43. y
π
x=
4
y=1
x y = cos x
O 1
y=
2
y = x 2 − 2x − 2
x
O
y = 2x − 5
1
y=−
2

11.8
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
44. y

y=x
3

x = 3y − y 2

x
O

In each of the following, a solid is formed by revolving the region bounded by the given curves about the
given axis of revolution. Find the volume of the solid of revolution. (45 − 50)

45. y = x 2, x + y = 6; about the x-axis

π
46. y = sin x, y = cos x , x = , the y-axis; about the x-axis
4

47. y = e x, y = 1, y = 3, the y-axis; about the y-axis

48. y = x 2, y = 2 x; about y = 4

49. y = tan x , y = 1, the y-axis; about y = 1

50. y = ln x, x = e , the x-axis; about x = −1

51. (a) Find

∫u 9 − u 2 du.
1 1
2 4
(b) If the region bounded by the curve x = y 2 (9 − y ) and the y-axis is revolved about the y-axis, find the
volume of the solid of revolution.

( x − 4)( x − 6) 2
52. (a) Find ∫[ x
] dx .

x ( x − 2)
(b) If the region bounded by the curve y = , the line x = 2 and the positive x-axis is revolved
x+4
about the x-axis, find the volume of the solid of revolution.

11.9
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
53. (a) In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y

x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and the line y = −k , where 0 < k ≤ a . A solid of

x2 + y2 = a2
revolution is formed by revolving the shaded region about the
y-axis. Prove that the volume of the solid of revolution is
π
(2a 3 − 3a 2 k + k 3 ). x
3 O
y = −k
(b) There is oil of depth h inside a hemispherical bowl with the
inner radius of 4. Prove that the volume of the oil inside the
πh 2
bowl is (12 − h).
3

y
54. In the figure, the tangents to the curve y 2 = x at points A and B
intersect at P(−1, 0).
y2 = x
(a) Find the coordinates of A and B. A

(b) If the region bounded by the curve and the tangents is revolved
about the line passing through A and B, find the volume of the x
P O
solid of revolution.
B

55. In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curves y = sin x, y

y = k ( x − π) 2 and the y-axis.

y = sin x
(a) If the area of the shaded region is 3, find the value of k.

(b) If the shaded region is revolved about the line y = k π 2, find the x
O π
volume of the solid of revolution. y = k (x − π )2

y = kπ2

11.10
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
56. In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curves y = x 2 − 2 y

and y = x 2 + 2 , the lines y = 0 and y = k , where k > 2 . A bowl is y=k

y = x2 + 2
formed by revolving the shaded region about the y-axis. If the bowl
9π
is full of water, the volume of water is cubic units.
2 y = x2 − 2

(a) Find the value of k.

x
O
(b) Find the volume of the material used in making the bowl.
(c) Water is poured into the bowl at a rate of π cubic units per second.
(i) Find the volume of water when the depth of water is h units.
(ii) Find the rate of change of the depth of water with respect to
time when the depth of water is 3 units.

25x 2 y
57. (a) Figure I shows an ellipse with the equation + y 2 = 1. A
16
1
marble is obtained by revolving the ellipse about the x-axis. Find 25x 2 + 2 =
y 1
16
the volume of the marble.

x
−4 O 4
5 5

−1

Figure I

x2 y2 y
(b) Figure II shows a semi-ellipse with the equation + = 1. A
b 2 4b 2
container is obtained by revolving the semi-ellipse about the −b O
x
b
y-axis. When the depth of water in the container is h units, the
πh 2
volume of water is V cubic units. Show that V = (6b − h).
12
h
2
(c) Suppose b = 5 and the water level is 3 units initially. The marble x2 + y =
2
1
b 4b 2
in (a) is crushed into powders and then poured into the container
− 2b
5π 2
at a rate of cubic units per second. Is it possible for the rate
2 Figure II
3π
of increase of the water level to reach units per second?
16
Explain briefly.

11.11
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
58. Figure I shows the curve C: x = 2( y 2 + 4), where 0 ≤ y ≤ 6. In Figure II, a pot of height 6 units is formed
by revolving C about the y-axis.
y

C: x = 2(y 2 + 4)

6
h

x
O

Figure I Figure II

2π 3
(a) If the pot contains water to a depth of h units, prove that the volume of water V in the pot is (h + 12h)
3
cubic units.
(b) Initially, the pot is full of water. The water is pumped out at a constant rate of 4π cubic units per
second. Find the rate of change of the depth of the water in the pot with respect to time when the
depth of the water is 1 unit.

59. A curve passing through three points A(3, 0), B(3, 1) and C(17, 6) as shown in the figure. The curve
consists of two parts. The part joining A and B is the vertical line x = 3 and the equation of the part joining
B and C is x = 1 + 8 y 2 .
y

C (17, 6)
6

x = 1 + 8y 2

1 B (3, 1)
x
O A (3, 0)

(a) A pot of 6 units in height is obtained by revolving the curve and the line segment OA about the y-axis.
If there is water of depth h units in the pot, express the volume of water in terms of h when
(i) 0 ≤ h ≤ 1
(ii) 1 < h ≤ 6

11.12
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 π
(b) Initially, the pot is empty. Then, water is poured into the pot at a constant rate of cubic units per
2
second until it is full.
(i) Express h in terms of time t for 0 ≤ h ≤ 1.
dh
(ii) Find when h = 3.
dt

60. Figure I shows the curves y = sin x and y = cos 2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . The two curves intersect at points A and B.
y

y = sin x y

A B

y = sin x
R
x
O π 3π π
4 4

x
O π
y = cos 2x

Figure I Figure II

(a) Find the coordinates of A and B.

(b) Find the total area of the shaded regions in Figure I.
π
(c) R is the region bounded by the two curves and the x-axis from x = 0 to (See Figure I). If region R is
4
revolved about the x-axis, find the volume of the solid of revolution generated.

(d) Figure II shows the curve y = sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . Sketch the curve y = cos 2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π in the same
π
figure, and shade the region whose area is represented by the expression ∫0 cos 2 x − sin x dx.

61. (a) Find the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the shaded region in Figure I about
the y-axis.
y

y = x2

x
O 1

Figure I

11.13
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 (b) A hole with the radius of r, where 0 < r < 1, is drilled along the y-axis from the top of the solid
obtained in (a) (see Figure II). Find the volume of the solid that have been removed.
y

x
O r

Figure II

(c) If the volume of the remaining solid is half of its original volume (i.e. volume obtained in (a)), find
the value of r.

62. (a) In Figure I, the shaded region is bounded by the curve x 2 + y 2 = p 2, the x-axis, the lines x = − q and
x = q , where 0 < q < p. If the shaded region in Figure I is revolved about the x-axis, find the volume of
the solid of revolution.
y y

p
x2 + y2 = p2
(4, a)
C2
C1
L a
R2 R3
R1
x x
−q O q −k O 4 10

Figure I Figure II

b+q 2 q
(b) Prove that ∫b − q [ p − ( x − b) 2 ] dx = ∫−q ( p
2
− x 2 ) dx where q is a constant.

(c) In Figure II, the shaded region is bounded by

L: y = a,
C1: ( x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 32,
C2 : ( x − 7) 2 + y 2 = r 2 (where r > 0),
x = − k , x = 10 and the x-axis.
Find the values of a and r.
(d) If the shaded region in Figure II is revolved about the x-axis, express the volume of the solid of
revolution in terms of k.
(e) If the sum of volumes generated by regions R1 and R 2 is equal to the volume generated by region R 3 ,
find the value of k.

11.14
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
In each of the following figures, express the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the
shaded region as a definite integral by the shell method, where ‘ ’ indicates the axis of revolution.
(Evaluation of the definite integral is not required.) (63 − 65)
63. y 64. y

y = ex
x=3

y = ln x 3

x x
O 1 O

65. y
π
x=
4

y = tan x

x
O

In each of the following figures, find the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the shaded
region by the shell method, where ‘ ’ indicates the axis of revolution. (66 − 68)

66. y 67. y

1
y=
x x = y (y − 2)
2
2

x x
O O

11.15
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
68. y

y= x
2

x
y=
2

x
O 4

In each of the following figures, find the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the shaded
region by the shell method, where ‘ ’ indicates the axis of revolution. (69 − 73)

69. y 70. y

y 2 = 4x y = 2x 2

4x − 4y = 5
x
O
x
O
x+y=1

71. y 72. y

y = x 2(2 − x )
y = ex

y=e

1
x
x O
O 1 y = x (2 − x )

73. y

x=1
y = ln x
y=1

x
O

11.16
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
In each of the following, a solid is formed by revolving the region bounded by the given curves about the
given axis of revolution. Find the volume of the solid of revolution by the shell method. (74 − 79)
1
74. y = , y = 0, x = 1, x = e ; about the y-axis
x2

75. y = x 3 , x = 0 , x = 1, the x-axis; about the y-axis

76. y = x − 1, y = x − 1; about the y-axis

77. x = y 2, y = 0, y = 2, the y-axis; about the x-axis

78. x = − y , x = y − y 2; about y = 4

79. y = x 2 + 1, y = x + 3; about x = 3

2
80. (a) Find ∫x cos x dx.
y
(b) The figure shows the graph of y = − x cos x (for 0 ≤ x ≤ π ). If the
inner surface of a container is formed by revolving the curve y = − x cos x
about the y-axis, find the capacity of the container.

x
O π

y
81. In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curve x = 3 + sin y,
the line y = 2π, the x-axis and the y-axis. If the shaded region is
2π
rotated about each of the following lines, find the volume of each
solid generated.
x = 3 + sin y
(a) y-axis
(b) x-axis x
O 3

11.17
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.
 1 y
82. The figure shows the graph of y = . The shaded region is
1 + x2
1
1 y=
bounded by the curve y = , the line x = a , the x-axis and the 1 + x2
1 + x2
y-axis, where a > 0 .
π
(a) If the area of the shaded region is , find the value of a. x
4 O a
(b) If the shaded region is revolved about the y-axis, find the
volume of the solid of revolution.

83. (a) The slope of the tangent to curve C at any point (x, y) is given y

by 2 x − 4. Curve C cuts the y-axis at (0, 5). Find the equation of C. C

L: y = x + 1
(b) The line L: y = x + 1 cuts C at points P and Q. Find the coordinates Q
5
of P and Q.

(c) Find the area bounded by curve C and line L. P

(d) If the region bounded by curve C and line L is revolved about x

the y-axis, find the volume of the solid of revolution. O

π y
84. (a) Find ∫ 0 θ(1 + cos θ) dθ.
(b) In the figure, the shaded region is bounded by the curve
2
y = 1 − cos x, the line y = 2 and the y-axis for 0 ≤ y ≤ 2. If the
shaded region is revolved about the y-axis, find the volume of
the solid of revolution.
2 −1
(c) Using the result of (b), or otherwise, find ∫ 0 [cos (1 − y )]2 dy. y = 1 − cos x
x
O π

11.18
© 2010 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.