1. [Maximum mark: 5] Two unbiased tetrahedral (four-sided) dice with faces labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 are thrown and the scores recorded. Let the random variable T be the maximum of these two scores.
The probability distribution of T is given in the following table.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(b) Find the expected value of T. [2]
2. [Maximum mark: 5] A college runs a mathematics course in the morning. Scores for a test from this class are shown below.
25 33 51 62 63 63 70 74 79 79 81 88 90 90 98
For these data, the lower quartile is 62 and the upper quartile is 88.
(a) Show that the test score of 25 would not be considered an outlier. [3]
The box and whisker diagram showing these scores is given below.
Test scores
Another mathematics class is run by the college during the evening. A box and whisker diagram showing the scores from this class for the same test is given below.
Test scores
A researcher reviews the box and whisker diagrams and believes that the evening class performed better than the morning class.
(b) With reference to the box and whisker diagrams, state one aspect that may support the researcher’s opinion and one aspect that may counter it. [2]
3. [Maximum mark: 5] The number of sick days taken by each employee in a company during a year was recorded. The data was organized in a box and whisker diagram as shown below:
For this data, write down
(a.i) the minimum number of sick days taken during the year. [1]
(a.ii) the lower quartile. [1]
(a.iii) the median. [1]
(b) Paul claims that this box and whisker diagram can be used to infer that the percentage of employees who took fewer than six sick days is smaller than the percentage of employees who took more than eleven sick days.
State whether Paul is correct. Justify your answer. [2]
4. [Maximum mark: 6] The weights of apples from Tony’s farm follow a normal distribution with mean 158 g and standard deviation 13 g. The apples are sold in bags that contain six apples.
(a) Find the mean weight of a bag of apples. [2]
(b) Find the standard deviation of the weights of these bags of apples. [2]
(c) Find the probability that a bag selected at random weighs more than 1 kg. [2]
5. [Maximum mark: 6] Kayla wants to measure the extent to which two judges in a gymnastics competition are in agreement. Each judge has ranked the seven competitors, as shown in the table, where 1 is the highest ranking and 7 is the lowest.
(a) Calculate Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for this data. [5]
(b) State what conclusion Kayla can make from the answer in part (a). [1]
6. [Maximum mark: 7] Michèle is playing a game. In the game, she must first flip a fair coin which will result in the coin landing on heads or tails. If the coin lands on heads, then she wins a prize. If it lands on tails, then she has another chance but this time she must roll a fair six-sided die and get a five or six in order to win a prize. (a) Complete the tree diagram by writing in the three missing probabilities.
[2]
(b) Find the probability that Michèle does not win a prize. [2]
(c) Given that Michèle won a prize, find the probability that the coin landed on heads. [3]
7. [Maximum mark: 6] Consider two events, A and B, such that P (A) = P (A ∩ B) = 0.4 and P (A ∩ B) = 0.1. ′
(a) By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find P (A ∪ B). [3]
(b) Show that the events A and B are not independent. [3]
8. [Maximum mark: 6] Mr Burke teaches a mathematics class with 15 students. In this class there are 6 female students and 9 male students.
Each day Mr Burke randomly chooses one student to answer a homework question.
In the first month, Mr Burke will teach his class 20 times.
(a) Find the probability he will choose a female student 8 times. [2]
(b) The Head of Year, Mrs Smith, decides to select a student at random from the year group to read the notices in assembly. There are 80 students in total in the year group. Mrs Smith calculates the probability of picking a male student 8 times in the first 20 assemblies is 0.153357 correct to 6 decimal places.
Find the number of male students in the year group. [4]
9. [Maximum mark: 5] On a specific day, the speed of cars as they pass a speed camera can be modelled by a normal distribution with a mean of 67. 3 km h −1 .
A speed of 75. 7 km h −1 is two standard deviations from the mean.
(a) Find the standard deviation for the speed of the cars. [2]
It is found that 82% of cars on this road travel at speeds between p km h
−1 and q km h −1 , where p < q. This interval
includes cars travelling at a speed of 74 km h
−1 . (b) Show that the region of the normal distribution between p and q is not symmetrical about the mean. [3]
10. [Maximum mark: 6]
The weights of apples from Tony’s farm follow a normal distribution with mean 158 g and standard deviation 13 g. The apples are sold in bags that contain six apples.
(a) Find the mean weight of a bag of apples. [2]
(b) Find the standard deviation of the weights of these bags of apples. [2]
(c) Find the probability that a bag selected at random weighs more than 1 kg. [2]
11. [Maximum mark: 7]
Let X be a random variable which follows a normal distribution with mean μ. Given that P (X < μ − 5) = 0.2 , find
(a) P (X > μ + 5). [2]
(b) P (X < μ + 5 | X > μ − 5). [5]
12. [Maximum mark: 5]
As part of the selection process for an engineering course at a particular university, applicants are given an exam in mathematics. This year the university has produced a new exam and they want to test if it is a valid indicator of future performance, before giving it to applicants. They randomly select 8 students in their first year of the engineering course and give them the exam. They compare the exam scores with their results in the engineering course.
(a) State the name of this test for validity. [1]
The results of the 8 students are shown in the table.
(b) Calculate Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient for this data. [2]
(c) Hence determine, with a reason, if the new exam is a valid indicator of future performance. [2]
13. [Maximum mark: 6]
A random sample of eight packets of Apollo coffee granules are selected from a supermarket shelf.
The weights of the coffee granules present in each packet are as follows:
222 g 226 g 221 g 228 g 227 g 225 g 222 g 223 g
(a.i) Find an unbiased estimate for the mean weight of coffee granules in a packet of Apollo coffee. [1]
(a.ii) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. Give your answer to four significant figures. [2] (b) State one assumption you have made in order for your interval to be valid. [1]
(c) The label of each packet has a description which includes the phrase: “contains 226 g of coffee granules”.
Using your answer to part (a)(ii), briefly comment on the claim on the label. [2]
14. [Maximum mark: 6]
A manufacturer of chocolates produces them in individual packets, claiming to have an average of 85 chocolates per packet.
Talha bought 30 of these packets in order to check the manufacturer’s claim.
Given that the number of individual chocolates is x, Talha found that, from his 30 packets, Σx = 2506 and Σx 2 = 209 738.
(a) Find an unbiased estimate for the mean number (μ) of chocolates per packet. [1]
(b) 2 2 (Σx) Σx − Use the formula s 2n−1 = n−1 n to determine an unbiased estimate for the variance of the number of chocolates per packet. [2]
(c) Find a 95% confidence interval for μ. You may assume that all conditions for a confidence interval have been met. [2]
(d) Suggest, with justification, a valid conclusion that Talha could make. [1]
15. [Maximum mark: 8]
The cars for a fairground ride hold four people. They arrive at the platform for loading and unloading every 30 seconds.
During the hour from 9 am the arrival of people at the ride in any interval of t minutes can be modelled by a Poisson distribution with a mean of 9t (0 < t < 60).
When the 9 am car leaves there is no one in the queue to get on the ride.
Shunsuke arrives at 9. 01 am.
(a) Find the probability that more than 7 people arrive at the ride before Shunsuke. [2]
(b) Find the probability there will be space for him on the 9. 01 car. [6]
16. [Maximum mark: 4]
George goes fishing. From experience he knows that the mean number of fish he catches per hour is 1. 1. It is assumed that the number of fish he catches can be modelled by a Poisson distribution.
On a day in which George spends 8 hours fishing, find the probability that he will catch more than 9 fish. [4]
