PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet A

1 a y b y

y = x2
y = x2 (1, 1)
(−1, 1) (1, 1)
4
O (0, 0) x y=x
3
y=x O (0, 0) x

c y d y
1
y= 2 y=x
x
(1, 1) y= x

O x (1, 1)

1
y= O (0, 0) x
x

asymptotes: y = 0 and x = 0

e y y = 3x2 f y

1 2
y = x2 y= y=
x x

O (0, 0) O x

asymptotes: y = 0 and x = 0

2 a = (−1) × (−3) × (−4) = −12

b x = 1, 3, 4
c y

O 1 3 4 x

−12

3 a y b y
(0, 3)
(0, 0) (1, 0) (5, 0)
(−1, 0) (1, 0) (3, 0) O x
O x

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 PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet A page 2

c y d y
(0, 0) (4, 0)
(0, 4) O x

(−2, 0) (−1, 0) (2, 0)

O x

e y f y

(−2, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0)

O x (0, 2)

(−2, 0) O (1, 0) x

4 a = x(x2 + 6x + 9) = x(x + 3)2

b y
(−3, 0) (0, 0)
O x

5 a y b y = (x − p)(x + q)(x − q)
y
(q, 0) (0, pq2)
O (p, 0) x
(−q, 0) O (q, 0) (p, 0) x
(0, −pq )
2

6 TP at (1, −2) 7 crosses x-axis at (−2, 0), (1, 0) and (2, 0)

∴ f(x) = k(x − 1)2 − 2 ∴ y = k(x + 2)(x − 1)(x − 2)
crosses y-axis at (0, −5) crosses y-axis at (0, −8)
∴ −5 = k − 2 ∴ −8 = 4k
k = −3 k = −2
∴ f(x) = −3(x − 1)2 − 2 ∴ y = −2(x + 2)(x − 1)(x − 2)
[ f(x) = −3x2 + 6x − 5 ] = −2(x + 2)(x2 − 3x + 2)
= −2(x3 − 3x2 + 2x + 2x2 − 6x + 4)
= −2x3 + 2x2 + 8x − 8
∴ a = −2, b = 2, c = 8, d = −8

8 a 4 b 0 c 2 d 3

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 PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet A page 3

9 a y

y = 1 − 2x
y = x2

O x

b 2 roots as x2 + 2x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 1 − 2x and the graphs of y = x2 and y = 1 − 2x

intersect at 2 points

10 a x2 + 2x − 3 = (x + 1)2 − 1 − 3 = (x + 1)2 − 4 ∴ turning point is (−1, −4)

1 1
b x2 + 2x − 3 − = 0 ⇒ x2 + 2x − 3 = y y=
1
x x x
1
∴ roots where y = x2 + 2x − 3 and y = intersect y = x2 + 2x − 3
x
graphs intersect at 1 point for x > 0 and 2 points for x < 0 O x
∴ one positive and two negative real roots

11 x − 3 = x2 − 5x + 6 12 a x2 + 5x + 8 = 3x + 7
x2 − 6x + 9 = 0 x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
(x − 3)2 = 0 (x + 1)2 = 0
repeated root x = −1 ∴ x = −1, y = 4
∴ y = x − 3 is tangent to y = x2 − 5x + 6 b repeated root
∴ y = 3x + 7 is tangent to y = x2 + 5x + 8
at the point (−1, 4)

13 a x3 − 4x2 + x + 6 = x + 6 14 2x2 − 5x + 1 = 3x + k
x3 − 4x2 = 0 2x2 − 8x + 1 − k = 0
x2(x − 4) = 0 for tangent, repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0
x = 0, 4 ∴ (0, 6) and (4, 10) ∴ 64 − 8(1 − k) = 0
b y k = −7
y=x+6

(0, 6)
y = x3 − 4x2 + x + 6

(−1, 0) O (2, 0) (3, 0) x

15 x2 + ax + 18 = 2 − 5x 16 a x2 − 2x + 6 = px + p
x2 + (a + 5)x + 16 = 0 x2 − (p + 2)x + 6 − p = 0
intersect at 2 points ∴ b2 − 4ac > 0 for tangent, repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0
∴ (a + 5)2 − 64 > 0 ∴ (p + 2)2 − 4(6 − p) = 0
a2 + 10a − 39 > 0 p2 + 8p − 20 = 0
(a + 13)(a − 3) > 0 (p + 10)(p − 2) = 0
a < −13 or a > 3 p = −10, 2
b x2 − 2x + 6 = qx + 7
x2 − (q + 2)x − 1 = 0
for tangent, repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0
⇒ (q + 2)2 + 4 = 0
but for real q, (q + 2)2 ≥ 0 ∴ no solutions

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 PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet B

1 a translated 1 unit in positive x-direction b translated 3 units in negative y-direction

1
c stretched by a factor of 2 in y-direction d stretched by a factor of 4
in x-direction
1
e reflected in the x-axis f stretched by a factor of 5
in y-direction
3
g reflected in the y-axis h stretched by a factor of 2
in x-direction

2 a y b y c y d y

(0, 9) O (4, 0) x (0, 3)

(0, −3)
(0, 0) O x O (8, 0) x

O (4, 0) x

3 a y = 2x + 5 + 1 ⇒ y = 2x + 6 b y = 3(1 − 4x) ⇒ y = 3 − 12x

c y = 3(x + 4) + 1 ⇒ y = 3x + 13 d y = −(4x − 7) ⇒ y = 7 − 4x

4 a y b y c y d y

(0, 3) (0, 6) (0, 3) (2, 2)

(2, 1) (0, 4) (1, 4)
O x O x
O x O x

5 a stretch by a factor of 4 in y-direction b translation by 2 units in positive x-direction

c reflection in the x-axis d translation by 5 units in positive y-direction

6 a y = 2(x2 + 2) b y = (x2 + 2) − 7
stretch by a factor of 2 in y-direction translation by 7 units in negative y-direction
c y = ( 13 x)2 + 2 d y = (x + 2)2 + 2
stretch by a factor of 3 in x-direction translation by 2 units in negative x-direction

7 a y = (x − 1)2 + 2(x − 1) ⇒ y = x2 − 1
b y = (3x)2 − 4(3x) + 5 ⇒ y = 9x2 − 12x + 5
c y = (−x)2 + (−x) − 6 ⇒ y = x2 − x − 6
d y = 2( 12 x)2 − 3( 12 x) ⇒ y= 1
2
x2 − 3
2
x

8 a f(x) = (x − 2)2 − 4 ∴ turning point (2, −4)

b i y ii y iii y
y = 3+f(x) y = f(2x)

y = f(x) y = f(x) y = f(x − 2) y = f(x)

(2,−1)
O x O x O x

(2, −4) (2, −4) (4, −4) (1, −4) (2, −4)

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 PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet B page 2

9 a y b y

y = x3 + 4
2 2
y = (x + 3) y=x 4 y = x3

O x
−3 O x

c y d y

1 1
y= y= y= 2x
x x−2
O y= x
2 x
O x

1 1
10 a let f(x) = ∴ = 1
3
f(x) or f(3x)
x 3x
∴ stretch by a factor of 1
3
in y-direction
1
or stretch by a factor of 3
in x-direction
b let g(x) = x2 ∴ 4x2 = 4g(x) or g(2x)
∴ stretch by a factor of 4 in y-direction
or stretch by a factor of 12 in x-direction

11 a y b y

(−4, 0) (−2, 0) O (1, 0) x O (0, 0) (2, 0) (5, 0) x

(0, −8)

c y d y

(−1, 0)

(−1, 0) O (2, 0) (4, 0) x (−2, 0) O ( 12 , 0) x

(0, −8) (0, −8)

12 a (a, 3b) b (a, b + 4) c (a − 1, b) d (3a, b)

13 a y b y

(0, 1)
(0, 3)
(−4, 0) O x
(−2, 0)
O x

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 PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet C

1 a 4x2 − 9x + 5 = 3x − 4 2 a y
4x2 − 12x + 9 = 0 3
(2x − 3)2 = 0
x = 32
∴ x= 3
2
,y= 1
2
b y = 3x − 4 is a tangent to the curve
y = 4x2 − 9x + 5 at the point ( 32 , 12 )
−2 O 1 2 x
y
1

−3 −1 O 1 x
y
1

−2 −1 O 2 x

3 a x2 + 5x + 2 = 4x + 1 4 a y y = 1 + f(x)
x2 + x + 1 = 0
b2 − 4ac = 1 − 4 = −3
b2 − 4ac < 0 ∴ no real roots y = f(x + 3) 1
∴ does not intersect
b x2 + 5x + 2 = mx + 1 −3 O x
x2 + (5 − m)x + 1 = 0
only one root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0 b 1+ x = x+3
(5 − m) − 4 = 0
2
(1 + 2
x) =x+3
5−m=±2 1+2 x +x=x+3
m = 3 or 7 x =1
x = 1 ∴ (1, 2)

5 x2 + kx − 3 = k − x 6 a f(x) = 2[x2 − 2x] + 5

x2 + (k + 1)x − (k + 3) = 0 = 2[(x − 1)2 − 1] + 5
b2 − 4ac = (k + 1)2 + 4(k + 3) = 2(x − 1)2 + 3
= k2 + 6k + 13 b i, ii y
= (k + 3)2 − 9 + 13
= (k + 3)2 + 4
real k ⇒ (k + 3)2 ≥ 0
⇒ (k + 3)2 + 4 ≥ 4 y = f(x + 3) y = f(x)
∴ b2 − 4ac > 0
⇒ real and distinct roots (−2, 3) (1, 3)
∴ l intersects C at exactly two points
O x

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 PMT

C1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS Answers - Worksheet C page 2

7 a y = x3 − 3x2 = x2(x − 3) 8 touches x-axis at (2, 0)

y ∴ y = k(x − 2)2
crosses y-axis at (0, −6)
∴ −6 = 4k
O ( 52 , 0) k = − 32
(0, 0) (3, 0) x ∴ y = − 32 (x − 2)2
y = x3 − 3x2 y = − 32 x2 + 6x − 6
(0, −5) ∴ a = − 32 , b = 6 and c = −6
y = 2x − 5

b 3 real roots
x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 5 = 0 ⇒ x3 − 3x2 = 2x − 5
the graphs of y = x3 − 3x2 and y = 2x − 5
intersect at three points

9 a LHS = (1 − x)(2 + x)2 10 a y

= (1 − x)(4 + 4x + x2) (0, 3)
= (4 + 4x + x2) − x(4 + 4x + x2)
= 4 + 4x + x2 − 4x − 4x2 − x3 (−5, 0) O (1, 0) x
= 4 − 3x2 − x3
= RHS
b y y
(0 , 4)
(0, 0)
O (6, 0) x
(−2, 0) O (1, 0) x
y
( − 52 , 0) ( 12 , 0)
O x
(0, −3)

11 a translation by 1 unit in the negative x-direction

b y
x = −1
y = x3 − 2
(0, 1)
y=0
1 O x
y=
x +1

1 1
c x3 − = 2 ⇒ x3 − 2 =
x +1 x +1
1
the graphs y = x3 − 2 and y = intersect
x +1
at one point for x > 0 and at one point for x < 0
∴ one positive and one negative real root

 Solomon Press