BIOLOGY

0610
2024
Past Papers!

Rejoy Ramesh
 Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2024
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*9959564507*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

06_0610_21_2024_1.12b
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1 A person touches a hot object and rapidly moves their hand away from the hot object.

Which characteristic of living organisms is this an example of?

A excretion
B growth
C reproduction
D sensitivity

2 Which types of organisms are used in genetic modification because they have plasmids?

A arachnids
B bacteria
C myriapods
D ferns

3 The list shows some of the structures contained in cells.

• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• cell wall
• chloroplast

How many of these structures are found in the cells of all living organisms?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

4 A student draws a red blood cell.

The diameter of the red blood cell they draw is 20 mm.

The actual diameter of the red blood cell is 0.008 mm.

What is the magnification of the student’s drawing?

A ×0.0004 B ×0.16 C ×250 D ×2500

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5 Samples of plant cells from the same species are immersed in three different liquids. The low
concentration sucrose solution has a higher water potential than the plant cell cytoplasm. The high
concentration sucrose solution has a lower water potential than the plant cell cytoplasm.

What is the state of the cells in the different liquids?

low concentration high concentration

distilled water
sucrose solution sucrose solution

A turgid plasmolysed flaccid

B flaccid turgid plasmolysed
C flaccid plasmolysed flaccid
D turgid turgid plasmolysed

6 Which process requires energy from respiration?

A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D transpiration

7 The diagram shows the sticky end of the DNA of a plasmid that has been cut by a restriction enzyme.
The unpaired bases are labelled.

C A G T G

What is the correct sequence of the missing bases?

A CAGTG B GTGAC C GTCAC D CACTG

8 A test was performed on a food substance. A positive result was shown by a colour change to
blue-black.

What solution was used for the test?

A biuret solution
B DCPIP solution
C iodine solution
D Benedict’s solution

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9 A student investigates the breakdown of fats in milk by lipase. Four test-tubes labelled A, B, C and
D are set up.

The table shows the contents of each test-tube.

In which test-tube will the contents become acidic most quickly?

milk bile boiled lipase lipase

A ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ key
B ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ = present
C ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ = absent
D ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓

10 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate
of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant.

The rate is found by measuring the rate of bubble release by the plant.

As the light intensity increases, the rate of bubble release increases and then becomes constant.

bubble

light

Which statement describes why the rate of bubble release becomes constant at high light intensities?

A Carbon dioxide concentration becomes a limiting factor.

B Light intensity becomes a limiting factor.
C Oxygen availability becomes a limiting factor.
D Water availability becomes a limiting factor.

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11 The diagram shows a section through the leaf of a flowering plant.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

12 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

Which labelled part stores bile?

C B

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13 The list contains statements about villi.

1 Villi increase the efficiency of the absorption of nutrients.

2 Villi increase the efficiency of the alveoli during gas exchange.
3 Villi provide a large surface area.
4 Villi filter urea from the blood.

Which two statements explain the role of the villi in humans?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

14 The diagrams show carbohydrate molecules as they pass through the alimentary canal.

Which row represents the molecules correctly?

before taking after some time after some time in

into the mouth in the mouth the small intestine

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15 Which row shows correct information about three digestive enzymes in humans?

lipase maltase trypsin

A acts in acidic acts in the secreted by the

conditions stomach pancreas
B secreted by the secreted in the acts in acidic
pancreas mouth conditions
C secreted by the acts in alkaline secreted in the
small intestine conditions stomach
D acts in the small acts in the small acts in alkaline
intestine intestine conditions

16 Which substance found in a healthy diet helps to prevent constipation?

A fat
B fibre
C minerals
D vitamins

17 When is the transpiration rate of a well-watered plant highest?

A on a cool, dry, windy day

B on a cool, wet, windy day
C on a hot, dry, windy day
D on a hot, wet, windy day

18 Which statement is correct for a flowering plant during photosynthesis?

A The flowers, fruits, leaves and roots are all sources of sucrose.
B The fruits are a source of sucrose and the flowers are a sink.
C The leaves are a source of sucrose and the fruits are a sink.
D The roots are a source of sucrose and the leaves are a sink.

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19 What is an advantage of having a double circulatory system?

A It uses less energy because blood flows through the heart only once in each circuit around
the body.
B Concentration gradients of solutes and gases are kept low.
C Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood are separated to allow a high rate of oxygen supply
to the tissues.
D It maintains high-pressure blood flow to the lungs and low-pressure blood flow to the body.

20 The diagram shows the external structure of the human heart.

Which part is blocked in coronary heart disease?

D
A

21 One of the symptoms of the disease cholera is diarrhoea. This is due to water loss by osmosis
caused by the cholera toxin.

What is the effect of cholera toxins that results in diarrhoea?

A secretion of chloride ions out of the small intestine lowering the water potential
B secretion of chloride ions out of the small intestine raising the water potential
C secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine lowering the water potential
D secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine raising the water potential

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22 Which statement about immunity is correct?

A A part of the antibody molecule has the same shape as the antigen it acts on.
B Babies develop passive immunity from the antibodies they receive in breast milk.
C Phagocytes produce antibodies.
D Vaccines contain weakened antibodies.

23 What are the functions of the diaphragm and the cilia in the human gas exchange system?

diaphragm cilia

A contracts to cause breathing in carry mucus to the throat

B contracts to cause breathing out trap bacteria from the air
C relaxes to cause breathing in filter dust from the air
D relaxes to cause breathing out produce mucus

24 Vigorous exercise can cause an oxygen debt.

Which process removes the oxygen debt?

A aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

B a decrease in breathing rate
C a decrease in heart rate
D an increase in blood supply to the skin

25 In healthy people, which substance is completely reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney
nephrons?

A glucose
B salts
C urea
D water

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26 What would be the pupil size and lens shape of a person reading a mobile phone text message in
a brightly lit room?

pupil size lens shape

A large fat
B large thin
C small fat
D small thin

27 What describes how the body maintains a constant internal temperature on a hot day?

A Vasoconstriction increases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.

B Vasoconstriction decreases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.
C Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.
D Vasodilation decreases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.

28 What would lead to a decrease in blood glucose concentration?

A increased release of adrenaline

B increased release of amylase
C increased release of glucagon
D increased release of insulin

29 Which statement about antibiotics is correct?

A Antibiotics do not affect bacteria but kill viruses.

B Antibiotics do not affect bacteria or viruses.
C Antibiotics kill bacteria and kill viruses.
D Antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses.

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30 The diagram shows the carpel of a flower just after pollination.

What is the name of the part labelled X?

A filament
B ovule
C pollen tube
D stigma

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31 The table shows the percentage of sperm with different abnormalities in samples from a person
with normal fertility and two people with low fertility.

person with person P with person Q with

normal fertility low fertility low fertility
percentage of sperm with
2 25 2
no acrosome
percentage of sperm with
11 11 35
deformed flagellum
percentage of sperm with
4 4 30
few mitochondria

What are the causes of low fertility in person P and person Q?

person P person Q

A too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot

digest jelly coat of egg cell digest jelly coat of egg cell
B too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
digest jelly coat of egg cell move to oviduct
C too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
move to oviduct digest jelly coat of egg cell
D too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
move to oviduct move to oviduct

32 Which word is used to describe stem cells?

A gametes
B haploid
C homozygous
D unspecialised

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33 The graph shows the concentration of four hormones during the menstrual cycle.

Which line represents progesterone?

hormone B
concentration C
D

0 14 28
ovulation

day of cycle

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34 The pedigree diagrams show the pattern of inheritance of a genetic disorder in four families.

This genetic disorder is not sex-linked.

Which pedigree diagram proves that the genetic disorder must be caused by a dominant allele?

A B

C D

key

unaffected male unaffected female

affected male affected female

35 What are correct statements about meiosis?

produces involved in repair

genetically of damaged
identical cells tissues

A yes yes
B yes no
C no yes
D no no

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36 The photograph shows a species of fish called a leafy sea-dragon.

Leafy sea-dragons live in areas of the sea where seaweed is present.

Which statements explain how natural selection caused the leafy sea-dragon species to develop?

1 Leafy sea-dragons that looked like seaweed were better adapted to their environment.
2 Leafy sea-dragons that survived passed on the allele for their appearance to their
offspring.
3 Humans selected leafy sea-dragons that looked like seaweed.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

37 What is the main source of energy input to biological systems?

A glucose
B oxygen
C plants
D the Sun

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38 Which organisms remove nitrate ions from soil?

A denitrifying bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules

B denitrifying bacteria and plants
C nitrifying bacteria and plants
D nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules

39 What are two reasons for organisms becoming endangered?

1 habitat destruction
2 monitoring
3 education
4 pollution
5 captive breeding programmes

A 1 and 4 B 1 and 5 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

40 What is an example of the use of genetic modification in agriculture?

A choosing cattle to breed so that alleles for high milk yield will be passed on to their offspring
B increasing food production by using insecticides to improve quality and yield
C inserting genes into crop plants to improve the nutritional qualities of the plant
D selecting crop plants with desirable characteristics and crossing these to produce the next
generation

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_21_2024_1.12

 Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2024
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*3174578336*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

06_0610_22_2024_1.12a
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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1 Which process is carried out by all organisms?

A growth
B photosynthesis
C sexual reproduction
D transpiration

2 What is the first part of the scientific name of an organism, using the binomial system?

A genus
B group
C kingdom
D species

3 The diagram shows a plant cell.

In which labelled part of the cell is glucose made?

D A
cell wall vacuole

B
chloroplast

C
nucleus

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4 The diagram shows an epidermal cell from an onion plant.

The distance between X and Y on the diagram is 60 mm.

The actual length of the cell between X and Y is 150 μm.

X Y

What is the magnification of the cell?

A ×40 B ×250 C ×400 D ×2500

5 Some plant cells are placed in distilled water for 1 hour.

Which description of the condition of the plant cells after 1 hour is correct?

A burst
B flaccid
C plasmolysed
D turgid

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6 Which diagram represents active transport?

A B
partially permeable partially permeable
cell membrane cell membrane

requires energy requires energy

from respiration from respiration

C D
partially permeable partially permeable
cell membrane cell membrane

does not require energy does not require energy

from respiration from respiration

7 The diagram shows the bases in a section of DNA from one strand only.

A−C−T−T−C−A−G−T−C

What is the base sequence on the complementary DNA strand?

A G−C−T−T−C−G−A−T−C
B G−T−C−C−T−G−A−C−T
C T−C−A−A−C−T−G−A−C
D T−G−A−A−G−T−C−A−G

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8 The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.

rate of
reaction

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH

What explains the effect of pH on the reaction rate?

A As the pH increases from 5 to 7, the kinetic energy increases.

B As the pH increases from 7 to 9, the frequency of enzyme and substrate collisions increases.
C The shape of the enzyme’s active site changes as the pH increases from 7 to 9.
D The substrate denatures at pH 7.

9 Which sentence explains the importance of vascular bundles for photosynthesis?

A Vascular bundles transport carbon dioxide to the leaf.

B Vascular bundles transport oxygen to the leaf.
C Vascular bundles transport starch to the leaf.
D Vascular bundles transport water to the leaf.

10 Which substance is the product of protein digestion?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glucose
D glycerol

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11 Which organ produces amylase?

A gall bladder
B kidney
C oesophagus
D pancreas

12 Which substance is absorbed by lacteals in villi?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C lactic acid
D hydrochloric acid

13 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal.

Where is most water absorbed?

B
A

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14 The diagram shows a cross-section of a villus.

On which cell surface are microvilli found?

lacteal

capillary

15 Which feature of xylem vessels provides support to plants?

A cells are joined end to end

B no cell contents
C no cross-walls
D lignin present

16 Which change in an environmental factor will increase the rate of transpiration?

A decreasing humidity
B decreasing light intensity
C decreasing temperature
D decreasing wind speed

17 Which statement describes translocation?

A the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the source to the sink in phloem
B the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the source to the sink in xylem
C the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the sink to the source in phloem
D the movement of amino acids and sucrose from the sink to the source in xylem

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18 Which pathway is taken by blood in a fish?

A gills → heart → body → gills

B body → gills → heart → body
C heart → gills → body → heart
D heart → body → gills → body

19 Which component of blood produces antibodies?

A plasma
B platelets
C red blood cells
D white blood cells

20 The cholera bacterium produces a toxin which affects humans.

What is an effect of this toxin on the human body?

A the secretion of chloride ions from the blood into the lumen of the large intestine
B the secretion of chloride ions from the blood into the lumen of the small intestine
C the secretion of chloride ions from the lumen of the large intestine into the blood
D the secretion of chloride ions from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood

21 These changes occur in the human body during exercise.

1 breathing rate increases

2 the rate of respiration increases
3 nerve impulses sent from the brain to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm
4 receptors in the brain detect increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood

What is the correct order for these changes?

A 1→2→4→3
B 1→3→4→2
C 2→1→4→3
D 2→4→3→1

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22 Two molecules of glucose are aerobically respired.

How many molecules of water are produced?

A 1 B 2 C 6 D 12

23 Which substance has a higher concentration in the renal vein than in the renal artery?

A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C oxygen
D urea

24 Where are amino acids deaminated and converted into urea?

A bladder
B kidneys
C liver
D pancreas

25 Which process moves neurotransmitters across a synapse?

A active transport
B diffusion
C gravity
D osmosis

26 When the blood glucose concentration is low, which hormone is released and which organ releases
it?

hormone organ

A glucagon liver
B glucagon pancreas
C insulin liver
D insulin pancreas

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27 A shoot grows towards the direction of light.

These statements compare shoot cells on the side in the light with cells on the side in the shade.

1 Cells on the side in the light have more auxin.

2 Cells on the side in the shade have more auxin.
3 Cells on the side in the light elongate more.
4 Cells on the side in the shade elongate more.

Which statements explain why the shoot grows towards the light?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

28 Which statement about antibiotics is correct?

A Antibiotics are used to treat all transmissible diseases.

B Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by viruses.
C Antibiotic resistance can be stopped by increasing their use.
D Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.

29 Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease of bananas that can spread quickly through a banana population.

The table shows the area affected by Fusarium wilt over time in one country.

area affected with

year
Fusarium wilt / hectares

1967 0

1970 100

1976 1200

1983 1500

1999 3000

What was the percentage increase in the area affected with Fusarium wilt from 1976 to 1999?

A 40% B 60% C 150% D 250%

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30 The diagram shows part of a flower.

Which processes have taken place?

pollination fertilisation

A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes

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31 The diagram shows part of a placenta and umbilical cord.

maternal blood

key
placenta direction of
blood flow

umbilical artery
umbilical vein
umbilical cord

What is the function of the umbilical vein?

A to stop pathogens passing into the fetus

B to stop toxins passing into the fetus
C to transport carbon dioxide away from the fetus
D to transport oxygen to the fetus

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32 The graph shows how the mass of DNA per cell changes before, during and after a nuclear division
in a diploid cell.

mass of DNA
per cell

time

Which row describes the type of nuclear division and the chromosome number of the daughter
cells shown in the graph?

chromosome
type of nuclear number of
division daughter cells
produced

A meiosis diploid
B meiosis haploid
C mitosis diploid
D mitosis haploid

33 In a family, the two parents have blood groups of A and B and the three children have blood groups
of B, B and O.

What are the genotypes of the parents?

A A B B
A I I and I I
A B A o
B I I and I I
A o B o
C I I and I I
B o B A
D I I and I I

34 Which statement describes a type of variation?

A Continuous variation is usually caused by the environment only.

B Continuous variation results in a limited range of phenotypes with no intermediates.
C Discontinuous variation is usually caused by genes only.
D Discontinuous variation results in a range of phenotypes between two extremes.

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35 The photograph shows a water lily plant, which is a hydrophyte.

Which statement explains why the stomata are located on the upper surface of the leaf?

A to allow carbon dioxide from the air to enter the leaf for use in photosynthesis
B to allow carbon dioxide produced by photosynthesis to leave the leaf
C to allow oxygen from the air to enter the leaf for use in photosynthesis
D to allow oxygen from the water to enter the leaf for respiration

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36 Which term is used when humans cross individuals with desirable features?

A genetic breeding
B natural breeding
C pure-breeding
D selective breeding

37 Which diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle?

A B

nitrogen gas in atmosphere nitrogen gas in atmosphere

nitrogen denitrification nitrogen denitrification

fixation fixation

nitrates nitrates

C D

nitrogen gas in atmosphere nitrogen gas in atmosphere

nitrogen denitrification nitrogen denitrification

fixation fixation

nitrates nitrates

38 What is an advantage of growing crops as a large-scale monoculture?

A Biodiversity is increased.
B Genetic variation is increased.
C Water use is increased.
D Yield of the crop is increased.

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39 Yeast can produce carbon dioxide and ethanol.

What can be made using these products?

carbon dioxide ethanol

A biofuel washing powder

B washing powder fruit juice
C fruit juice bread
D bread biofuel

40 Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce a human protein.

What is the first step in this process?

A insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA

B insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria
C isolation of the DNA making up the human gene
D expression of the human gene in bacteria

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 06_0610_22_2024_1.12

 Cambridge IGCSE™
* 0 0 1 4 4 7 4 2 7 5 *

BIOLOGY 0610/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PB/SG) 330335/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a photograph of a fish. Fig. 1.2 is a photograph of an amphibian.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2

State two visible features that distinguish the fish in Fig. 1.1 from the amphibian in Fig. 1.2.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fish, amphibians and mammals are all vertebrate groups.

State the name of one other vertebrate group.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) Fig. 1.3 shows the circulatory system of a fish.

Fig. 1.4 shows the circulatory system of an amphibian.

gill capillaries lung and skin capillaries

heart heart
ventricle

atrium

body capillaries body capillaries

Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.4

Describe the similarities and the differences between the circulatory systems of the fish and
the amphibian in Fig. 1.3 and Fig. 1.4.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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(d) Explain the advantages of the type of circulatory system in mammals compared with the type
of circulatory system in fish.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(e) Explain how the structure of arteries and veins relates to the difference in the pressure of the
blood transported by these vessels.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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(f) Table 1.1 shows the names of some organs and the name of the main artery that brings blood
to the organ.

Complete Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

name of the organ name of the artery that brings blood to the organ

lung

renal artery

liver

[3]

[Total: 17]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 6

2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the internal body temperature of a human and the external environmental
temperature during six hours in one day.

40

38

36

34
temperature
/ °C

32

30

28

26
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
time / hours
key:
internal body temperature
external environmental temperature

Fig. 2.1

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 7

(i) The internal body temperature range is from 36.4 °C to 37.0 °C.

State the range of the external environmental temperature shown in Fig. 2.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain the results for the internal body temperature shown in Fig. 2.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [6]

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 8

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a cross‑section through human skin.

F A

E B

Fig. 2.2

Table 2.1 shows the names of some parts of the skin, the letter identifying the part in Fig. 2.2
and its role in maintaining internal body temperature.

Complete Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

name of the part letter in Fig. 2.2 role in maintaining internal body temperature

insulation

detect temperature changes

[3]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 9

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a drawing of a root hair cell and Fig. 3.2 shows a drawing of a palisade cell.

chloroplast

mitochondrion

mitochondria

Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2

Explain the reasons for the difference in the numbers of mitochondria and chloroplasts
between the root hair cell and the palisade cell, shown in Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2.

mitochondria .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

chloroplasts ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[5]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 10

(b) Fig. 3.3 is a photomicrograph of a cross‑section of part of a xerophyte leaf.

Fig. 3.3

(i) Explain why the part labelled A in Fig. 3.3 is a tissue.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe two ways the structure labelled B in Fig. 3.3 is adapted for its function.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 11

(iii) Describe one way the leaves of xerophytes are adapted to their environment.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Describe one way the roots of xerophytes are adapted to their environment.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 12

4 (a) A student investigated the effect of lactase on three different liquids:

• milk
• lactose‑free milk
• sucrose solution.

The student used an indicator to test for the presence of glucose. A sample of each liquid was
tested before and after treatment with lactase.

The indicator turned brown in the presence of glucose. The indicator remained blue in the
absence of glucose.

Table 4.1 shows the results of the tests.

Table 4.1

colour before treatment colour after treatment

liquid
with lactase with lactase
milk blue brown
lactose‑free milk brown brown
sucrose solution blue blue

(i) Explain the results for the three liquids shown in Table 4.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 13

(ii) The student kept the solutions at a temperature that was close to the optimum during the
investigation.

Using your knowledge of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, explain why this
was important.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) As part of a balanced diet, some governments recommend that children drink milk that has
vitamin D added to it.

(i) Suggest the dietary reasons for this advice.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe what is meant by a balanced diet.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 14

5 Fig. 5.1 is a graph showing the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration from the upper
and lower surfaces of a leaf that is provided with a constant supply of water.

X Y

lower surface

rate of upper surface

transpiration

temperature

Fig. 5.1

(a) Describe the results shown in Fig. 5.1.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 15

(b) Explain reasons for the shape of the graph for the upper surface of the leaf at X and at Y in
Fig. 5.1.

at X ...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

at Y ...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) Suggest how the structure of the lower surface differs from the upper surface of the leaf used
in this investigation.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24 [Turn over

 16

6 (a) Polio is a viral disease that can cause nerve damage in humans.

In one area, polio vaccination began in 1957.

Fig. 6.1 shows the number of cases of polio in this area between 1950 and 1970.

600

500

400
number of
cases of 300
polio
200

100

0
1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970
year

Fig. 6.1

(i) Calculate the percentage change in the number of cases of polio between 1950 and
1952 in Fig. 6.1.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Space for working.

.............................................................%
[3]

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 17

(ii) Explain how vaccination causes the results shown between 1958 and 1970 in Fig. 6.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [5]

(iii) Explain why the polio vaccine does not protect you from other diseases.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Blood clotting helps to prevent some infections.

Outline how a blood clot is formed and how it can prevent infections.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) State the name of the component of blood responsible for transporting blood cells.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24 [Turn over
 18

7 Fig. 7.1 is a flowchart showing the stages of eutrophication.

(a) Complete Fig. 7.1.

the concentration of the growth of

fertilisers enter a lake ......................................... ..........................................

increases on the surface of the
lake increases

underwater producers die blocking

because they are unable to
decomposition increases .............................. from
......................................... entering the water
in the lake

bacterial decomposers use

oxygen for resulting in the death of
organisms requiring
.........................................
............................ oxygen
.........................................

Fig. 7.1
[6]

(b) A scientist obtained a sample of the bacterial decomposers and grew them in a flask. The
resources available for bacterial growth in the flask became limiting.

The size of the bacterial population was estimated during the investigation and these data
were plotted on a graph.

(i) State the name of the expected shape of the population growth curve that would be
drawn on the graph.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the initial phase of bacterial growth.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State one factor, other than a lack of resources, that would cause bacteria to die during
the death phase.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24
 19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 20

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 0610/41/M/J/24

 Cambridge IGCSE™
* 7 3 1 6 2 5 2 4 0 5 *

BIOLOGY 0610/43
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PB/SG) 330333/4
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
 2

1 Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of an animal cell.

Fig. 1.1

(a) Complete Table 1.1 by writing the name and function of each of the labelled parts of the cell
shown in Fig. 1.1.

Table 1.1

label in Fig. 1.1 name function

[4]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 3

(b) (i) Explain how water moves into and out of animal cells.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) A sample of red blood cells was taken from a person. The red blood cells were put into
three test‑tubes. Each test‑tube contained a different liquid:

• blood plasma
• pure water
• a very concentrated salt solution.

Fig. 1.2 shows the appearance of the red blood cells when examined using a microscope.

Identify the liquids the red blood cells were immersed in.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in Fig. 1.2.

..................................................

..................................................

..................................................

Fig. 1.2
[2]
© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over
 4

(iii) State the name of the molecule in red blood cells that combines with oxygen.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Fig. 1.3 shows a drawing of a white blood cell.

Fig. 1.3

Identify the type of white blood cell shown in Fig. 1.3.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 5

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 6

2 Fig. 2.1 is a photograph of a spider plant, Chlorophytum comosum. Spider plants can reproduce
by producing an identical plantlet, which grows away from the single parent plant.

parent plant

offspring plantlet

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Identify one feature in Fig. 2.1 that shows that spider plants are monocotyledons.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction in a population of

spider plants in the wild.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 7

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows pollen that has been released from the flowers of a hazel tree,
Corylus avellana. These flowers are wind‑pollinated.

pollen

Fig. 2.2

(i) Explain why a hazel tree has to produce very large amounts of pollen.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how a stigma from a wind‑pollinated plant is adapted for pollination.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 8

(c) The hazel tree uses cross‑pollination rather than self‑pollination.

Describe cross‑pollination.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) Outline the events that occur in the flower after pollination.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 13]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 9

3 (a) Proteins are biological molecules.

Explain how proteins are made.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 10

(b) Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of enzyme 1 catalysing the breakdown of molecule A into two smaller
molecules, B and C.

molecule A
molecule C
molecule B

enzyme 1

Fig. 3.1

Molecule D, shown in Fig. 3.2, is added to the mixture shown in Fig. 3.1.

This causes the rate of production of molecules B and C to decrease.

molecule A

molecule D

enzyme 1

Fig. 3.2

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 11

(i) Using the information in Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2, suggest why the rate of production of
molecules B and C decreases after molecule D is added.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Fig. 3.3 shows enzyme 1 after a change in its environmental conditions.

enzyme 1

Fig. 3.3

Suggest two changes that could cause the effect on enzyme 1 shown in Fig. 3.3.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 12

4 Characteristics of plants are controlled by genes. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.

(a) Explain how new alleles are formed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The number of hours of daylight affects when plants produce flowers. This ensures that
flowers are produced at an appropriate time of year for each species.

This response to the number of hours of daylight is controlled by genes.

(i) Wheat is a crop plant. A farmer wants to produce a type of wheat that flowers when there
are fewer hours of daylight.

Describe how the farmer could selectively breed this type of wheat.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Wheat is grown from seeds.

State two conditions needed for the germination of seeds.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 13

(iii) Different types of wheat have also evolved through natural selection.

Explain how natural selection differs from artificial selection.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Scientists can selectively breed for increased pest resistance in wheat.

Explain the benefits of growing wheat with increased pest resistance.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 12]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 14

5 Phytoplankton are microorganisms that photosynthesise.

(a) State the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A scientist made notes about a marine food web.

Fig. 5.1 shows the notes she made.

• In the sea, phytoplankton photosynthesise.

• Phytoplankton are eaten by small organisms in the sea, called zooplankton.
• Herring fish and cod fish eat phytoplankton. Herring fish also eat zooplankton.
• Cod fish eat other fish such as herring.

Fig. 5.1

(i) Using the information in Fig. 5.1, complete the food web in Fig. 5.2.

orca

leopard seal

Adélie crabeater
penguin seal

krill

Fig. 5.2
[2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 15

(ii) State the principal source of energy for this food web.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Table 5.1 describes features of the food web in Fig. 5.2.

Complete Table 5.1, using the information in Fig. 5.2.

Table 5.1

feature of the food web maximum number in the food web in Fig. 5.2

trophic levels

primary consumers

tertiary consumers

[3]

(iv) Fig. 5.3 is a photograph of an orca.

Fig. 5.3

Using the information in Fig. 5.2, predict and explain the most likely effect of a decrease
in the orca population on the population size of:

krill .....................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

leopard seals. ....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 16

(c) Krill and seals can be harvested to produce omega‑3 fatty acids.

Many people take omega‑3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement as they are thought to have
health benefits in humans.

(i) List the chemical elements found in all fats.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Using the information in Fig. 5.2, explain why it is more energy efficient to use krill as a
source of omega‑3 fatty acids rather than seals.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(d) Describe how fats ingested by humans are digested and absorbed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 19]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 17

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 18

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a boreal toad, Anaxyrus boreas. This toad is listed as an endangered species.

Fig. 6.1

(a) State the genus of the boreal toad.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) One reason for the boreal toad’s recent decrease in population is a disease caused by chytrid
fungus.

State two reasons other than disease that could cause the boreal toad to become
endangered.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Scientists investigated whether increasing the number of beneficial bacteria that live on the
toads’ skin could provide protection against the fungus. The scientists took 42 toads and
placed 21 in group 1 and 21 in group 2.

• Group 1 – the toads’ skin was treated with beneficial bacteria.

• Group 2 – the toads’ skin was not treated with beneficial bacteria.

The scientists measured the number of toads that became infected with the fungus.

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 19

Table 6.1 shows the results.

Table 6.1

time since treatment with number of toads with fungal infection

beneficial bacteria / days
group 1 group 2
0 0 0
20 2 2
40 3 4
60 9 17
80 13 19
100 13 21

(i) Calculate the percentage of the 21 toads that have the fungal infection after 100 days in
group 1 in Table 6.1.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Space for working.

.............................................................%
[3]

(ii) Using the information in Table 6.1, describe the effect of treating the toads with beneficial
bacteria.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24 [Turn over

 20

(d) There are conservation programmes to reintroduce boreal toads into their natural habitat.

(i) Describe why conservation programmes are set up for animals like the boreal toad.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Conservation programmes for other endangered animals, such as birds, use artificial
insemination as part of a captive breeding programme.

Describe how artificial insemination is carried out as part of a captive breeding

programme.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 15]

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 0610/43/M/J/24

 * 0019655434601 *

,

 
,

Cambridge IGCSE™

¬Wz> 3mKq_qEv\vV€W
¬X|dJ©[tdŒr¬N¬Šd‚
¥¥EU5U¥•5¥u• eEU
* 0 5 1 3 9 2 3 7 9 9 *

BIOLOGY 0610/62
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June 2024

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PB/CB) 330285/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
 * 0019655434602 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

2
,

 
,

1 A student investigated the effect of acid concentration on the rate of diffusion in agar jelly. The
student was given three test‑tubes containing bromothymol blue indicator in agar jelly.

Bromothymol blue is a blue indicator that turns yellow in the presence of an acid.

The student used this method:

Step 1 label three beakers A1, A2 and A3

Step 2 put 20 cm3 of 1 mol per dm3 hydrochloric acid solution into beaker A1

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Step 3 put 2 cm3 of 1 mol per dm3 hydrochloric acid solution into beaker A2

Step 4 add 18 cm3 of distilled water to the hydrochloric acid solution in beaker A2

Step 5 use a clean syringe to transfer 2 cm3 of the solution from beaker A2 to beaker A3

Step 6 add 18 cm3 of distilled water to beaker A3

Table 1.1 shows the final concentrations of the hydrochloric acid solution in each beaker.

Table 1.1

final concentration of
final volume of the

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

beaker the hydrochloric acid
solution / cm3
solution / mol per dm3

A1 1.00 20

A2 0.10
……….

A3 0.01 20

(a) (i) Complete Table 1.1 by calculating the final volume of the solution in beaker A2.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Write your answer in Table 1.1. [1]

Step 7 label the three test‑tubes that contain the bromothymol blue indicator in agar jelly A1, A2
and A3

Step 8 use a syringe to transfer 10 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid solution from beaker A1 to
test‑tube A1

Step 9 use a syringe to transfer 10 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid solution from beaker A2 to
test‑tube A2

Step 10 use a syringe to transfer 10 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid solution from beaker A3 to
test‑tube A3
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Step 11 place the three test‑tubes into a water‑bath at 35 °C

Step 12 start a stop‑clock and leave the test‑tubes in the water‑bath for 20 minutes

Step 13 after 20 minutes, remove the test‑tubes from the water‑bath

Step 14 measure the temperature of the water in the water‑bath.

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3
,

 
,

Fig. 1.1 shows the three test‑tubes after they were removed from the water‑bath in step 13.

A1 A2 A3

hydrochloric acid
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yellow agar jelly yellow agar jelly

agar jelly
containing
bromothymol
blue
indicator
blue agar jelly blue agar jelly
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 1.1

(ii) Measure the height of the yellow agar jelly in each test‑tube shown in Fig. 1.1.

Prepare a table and record the results of the investigation. Include in your table:

• your measurements from Fig. 1.1

• the final concentration of hydrochloric acid.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[4]
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4
,

 
,

(iii) State a conclusion for the investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in this investigation.

independent variable .........................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

dependent variable ............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(v) Fig. 1.2 shows the reading on the thermometer in step 14.

°C
30

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20

10

Fig. 1.2

Record the temperature of the water in the water‑bath at the end of the investigation,

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

shown in Fig. 1.2.

temperature ........................................................... °C [1]

(vi) The student stated that the change in the temperature of the water‑bath was not a
significant source of error in the investigation.

Explain why the student was correct to state this.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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5
,

 
,

(vii) Suggest a control experiment for this investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(viii) The student repeated the investigation but left the test‑tubes in the water‑bath for
30 minutes instead of 20 minutes.
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Suggest how the results for this second investigation would differ from the results for the
first investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

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6
,

 
,

(b) In an experiment, a student cut different‑sized cubes of agar containing bromothymol blue
indicator. The student placed the cubes in hydrochloric acid and measured the time taken for
each cube to become yellow.

The results are shown in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2

length of the volume of time taken for the cubes

cube sides / mm the cube / mm3 to become yellow / s

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2 8 35

4 60
………..

6 216 170

8 512 275

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10 1000 445

(i) Complete Table 1.2 by calculating the volume of the 4 mm cube.

Write your answer in Table 1.2. [1]

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7
,

 
,

(ii) Plot a line graph on the grid of the length of the cube sides against the time taken for the
cubes to become yellow.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[4]

(iii) Use your graph to estimate the time taken for a cube with a side length of 3 mm to
become yellow.

Show on your graph how you obtained your answer.

.............................................................. s
[2]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(iv) State two variables that should have been kept constant in this investigation.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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[Total: 21]

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8
,

 
,

2 (a) When a seed germinates it grows into a seedling.

Fig. 2.1 is a photograph of a seedling.

A B

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Fig. 2.1

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(i) Make a large drawing of the seedling shown in Fig. 2.1.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[4]
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9
,

 
,

(ii) Line AB represents the width of the seedling.

Measure the length of line AB on Fig. 2.1.

length of line AB ........................................................ mm

The actual width of the seedling is 9 mm.

Calculate the magnification of the seedling in Fig. 2.1 using the formula and
your measurement.
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length of line AB in Fig. 2.1

magnification =
actual width of the seedling

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Space for working.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

................................................................
[3]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

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10
,

 
,

(iii) Fig. 2.2 shows photographs of two different seedlings, P and Q.

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P Q

Fig. 2.2

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Describe one visible similarity and two visible differences between seedling P and
seedling Q in Fig. 2.2.

similarity 1 ..........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

difference 1 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

difference 2 ........................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) As seedlings grow, they change starch into reducing sugars.

Describe the methods you would use to test a sample of seedlings for starch and
reducing sugars.

starch test ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

reducing sugar test ....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
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11
,

 ,

(c) When light shines from one side, seedlings grow towards the light.

Fig. 2.3 shows a diagram of a seedling growing towards a light source. The angle of growth is
shown on the diagram.

light source
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Fig. 2.3

Plan an investigation to find out how light intensity affects the angle at which the
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seedling grows.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [6]

[Total: 19]

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12
,

 ,

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Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the
Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to
download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
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 Cambridge IGCSE™
* 2 2 3 1 3 4 7 8 9 6 *

BIOLOGY 0610/63
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June 2024

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE/FC) 330423
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
 2

1 Catalase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to form water and
oxygen.

A student investigated the activity of catalase in tissues from two different plants.

The oxygen produced during the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide forms a foam.

The height of the foam can be used as a measure of the activity of the catalase present in plant
tissue.

The student used this method:

Step 1 Label one test-tube P and another test-tube A.

Step 2 Cut a cylinder of tissue from a potato and a cylinder of tissue from an apple.

Step 3 Cut a potato cylinder into five equal pieces. Each piece should be approximately 4 mm in
length, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

cut to form five pieces

4 mm

2 cm long potato cylinder

Fig. 1.1

Step 4 Put all five potato pieces into test-tube P. Place the test-tube in a test-tube rack.

Step 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 using the apple cylinder and the test-tube labelled A.

Step 6 Use a syringe to put 15 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution into test-tube P.

Step 7 Start a stop-clock and wait for five minutes.

Step 8 After five minutes, place a ruler against the outside of test-tube P and measure the
maximum height of the foam.

Step 9 Repeat steps 6 to 8 with test-tube A and the pieces of apple.

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 3

Fig. 1.2 shows a diagram of test-tube P and test-tube A in step 8 and step 9.

test-tube P test-tube A

gas bubble that

is part of the foam

hydrogen
peroxide solution

test-tube

desk
potato apple

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) Measure the maximum heights of the foam in test-tube P and test-tube A in Fig. 1.2.

Prepare a table and record these measurements in your table.

[3]
© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24 [Turn over
 4

(ii) State a conclusion for the results.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the independent and dependent variables in this investigation.

independent .......................................................................................................................

dependent ..........................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) State two variables that were kept constant in this investigation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(v) Identify one possible source of error in step 8 and describe an improvement to the
method that would eliminate this error.

error in step 8 ....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

improvement .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(vi) Identify one safety hazard when carrying out this investigation and describe how the risk
of this hazard could be reduced.

safety hazard .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

method of reducing risk ......................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 5

(b) Describe how you could test samples of potato and apple to determine if vitamin C is present.

Give the result of a positive test.

test ............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch to form reducing sugars.

Plan an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of breakdown of

starch by amylase.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

[Total: 20]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24 [Turn over

 6

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 7

2 Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of part of an egg case from a species of stick insect,
Acrophylla titan.

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Draw a large diagram of the part of the egg case shown in Fig. 2.1.

[4]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24 [Turn over

 8

(ii) Line PQ on Fig. 2.2 represents the length of the whole egg case.

Fig. 2.2

The actual length of the egg case is 4.5 mm.

Measure the length of line PQ on Fig. 2.2.

length of line PQ .............................. mm

Calculate the magnification of the photomicrograph using the formula and your
measurement.

length of line PQ
magnification = actual length of the egg case

Give your answer as a whole number.

Space for working.

................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 9

(iii) Fig. 2.3 shows photomicrographs of the egg cases of Acrophylla titan and another species
of stick insect, Lonchodes amaurops. The magnification of both photomicrographs is the
same.

Acrophylla titan Lonchodes amaurops

Fig. 2.3

State three visible differences between the two egg cases shown in Fig. 2.3.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24 [Turn over

 10

(b) The rate of respiration in a stick insect can be measured using a simple respirometer, as
shown in Fig. 2.4.

As the stick insect respires the drop of coloured liquid moves along the capillary tube.

ruler
Start

mesh barrier cm
1 2 3 4 5 6

capillary drop of
potassium stick insect tube coloured liquid
hydroxide to absorb airtight
carbon dioxide bung

ruler
After 30 minutes

mesh barrier cm
1 2 3 4 5 6

drop of capillary
potassium stick insect coloured liquid tube
hydroxide to absorb airtight
carbon dioxide bung

Fig. 2.4

(i) Record the position in mm of the drop of coloured liquid in the capillary tube shown in
Fig. 2.4 at the start and after 30 minutes.

start .................................................... mm

after 30 minutes .................................................... mm

[1]

(ii) The capillary tube has an internal radius of 0.25 mm.

Using the information in 2(b)(i), calculate the volume of oxygen used by the stick insect
in 30 minutes.

Use a value for π of 3.14.

Space for working.

....................................................... mm3
[2]
© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24
 11

(iii) Using your answer to 2(b)(ii), calculate the rate of oxygen use by the stick insect.

................................ mm3 per minute [1]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24 [Turn over

 12

(c) Scientists used a respirometer to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of oxygen
use by stick insects.

The results of the investigation are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

temperature rate of oxygen use

/ °C / mm3 per mg per minute
10 0.58
15 0.96
20 1.10
25 1.24
30 1.30

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 13

(i) Using the data in Table 2.1, plot a line graph on the grid to show the effect of temperature
on the rate of oxygen use.

[4]

(ii) Use your graph to estimate the rate of oxygen use by stick insects at a temperature of
18 °C.

Show on your graph how you obtained your estimate.

......................... mm3 per mg per minute

[2]

[Total: 20]

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 14

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 15

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24

 16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 0610/63/M/J/24