‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ ‪201605013 :‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺩﻭﺭًﺍ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻻﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻭﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬
‫‪.‬ﻗﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻻﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺸﺌﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮًﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻛﺄﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﻁ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﻂ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫‪.‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬
 ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴًﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻭﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﺐ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻀﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ )ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻀﺐ ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪.‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮًﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺴﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻀﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ( ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺗُﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗُﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪ .‬ﺗُﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻃﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
 ‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺑﺤﺎﺙ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻮﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪.‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
 ‫ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

 ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﺴﺒﻴًﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪًﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪًﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭًﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭًﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
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‫‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﺭًﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰًﺍ ﻣﻬﻤًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ‬