Science Reflection (SR) Vol2, No1, February, 2017

www.sciencereflection.com Global Journal of Economic and Business

Global Journal of Economic and Business (GJEB)

Global Journal of Economic and Business (GJEB)

Website: http://www.sciencereflection.com
Science
Reflection

Global Journal of Economic and Business, Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2017, pp. 36-49
ISSN E-2519-9293 , ISSN P-2519-9285
Copyright © Science Reflection, 2017
www.sciencereflection.com

Renewable Energy as a Strategic Option for Achieving Sustainable Development

"Case of Algeria"
Araba Elhadj ben Mahmoud
University of Ouargla, Algeria
araba.hadj@gmail.com
Neffah Zakarya ben Ali
University of Bechar, Algeria
zakaryneffah@gmail.com
______________________________________________________________________________
Abstract:

The emergence of the concept of sustainable development which based on the idea the development
is a process that seeks to achieve integration between the economy, society and environment. this led
to the need of reconsidering the increased consumption of fossil depleted energies that harm the
environment, through working to rationalize their use, or searching for alternative, renewable and
environmentally friendly energies. That will ensure the future of energy and preserve it for future
generations. So when we rely on renewable energy we’ll make the future of our children and
grandchildren more secure, and this is reflected directly on the achievement of sustainable
development.
This paper aims to clarify the role of renewable energies in achieving the sustainable development
with reference to the Algerian experience and investment opportunities that abound in the area
Renewable energy.

Keywords:
sustainable development, renewable energies, Algeria.
_________________________________________________________________________________

36 | P a g e www.ScienceRefl ecti on. com

 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩﺓ ﻜﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬

‫) ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ(‬
‫ﻋﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ‬
‫‪araba.hadj@gmail.com‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺎﺡ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺸﺎر‪ ،‬اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ‬
‫‪zakaryneffah@gmail.com‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻛﹼﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﹼﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤ ﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺳﻨﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻔﺎﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺰﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ‪،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻻ ﳎﺤﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ % 80‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺚ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﺣﺪﺗﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻕ ﻧﺎﻗﻮﺱ ﺍﳋﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻧﺎﺿﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‪ " ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ ﺯﳚﻤﺎﺭ ﻏﺎﺑﺮﻳﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﺼﺮﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺳﻨﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﻔﺎﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻇﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺗﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﲝﺜﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؟‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺛﺮﻭﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻧﺎﺿﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻨﺸﲑ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﰎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؛‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ؛‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭﻓﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،...‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﳐﻠﻔﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ii‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﻃﺤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺷﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪.‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺈﺣﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﳐﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺯﻳﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳐﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﳊﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﻬﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺿﺌﻴﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳊﺮﻕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﺠﲔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪.‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ )ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍﺭﺓ ﲢﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻉ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2006‬ﺑـ ‪ 74,223‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %1‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ %20‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﳕﺎﺭﻙ ﻭ‪ %9‬ﰲ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ‪ %7‬ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﶈﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 2000‬ﻭ‪.2006‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻂ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻈﻰ ﺑﺄﻛﱪ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﱪ ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ )ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ( ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ )ﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﳏﺪﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺨﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﲞﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﳝﺘﺺ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﲞﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺘﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳕﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻱ‪.‬‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪.‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺰﻧﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﻛﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪iii‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ‪ % 50‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ % 21‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺑـ ‪ ،% 50‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻖ ‪.2050‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺗﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﲑﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺑـ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻌﺎﱐ ‪250‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2020‬ﻭﺳﲑﺗﻔﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ 600 -350‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2050‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻲ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ‪ 90‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺇﺿﺎﰲ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﻼﺭﻳﺎ ‪ Plaudisme‬ﰲ ﺃﻓﻖ ‪.2030‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2050 -2010‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ)‪ :(1‬ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪2050 -2010‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪iv‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﻨﻔﺪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ؛‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺯﻉ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻓﱢﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ؛‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻻ ﺗﻠﻮ‪‬ﺙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻮ‪‬ﺙ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﺘﻨﺎ؛‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺯ‪‬ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﲟﺄﻣﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻫﺠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺢ ﺃﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺎﹰ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﺮﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺎﹰ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ؛‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﱢﺮ ﺍﳊﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺗﻮﻓﹼﺮ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺰﻭ‪‬ﺩﹰﺍ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻟﻠﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺭﺃﲰﺎﻝ ﻛﺒﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ ‪:‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ – ﺑﻴﺌﺔ – ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ )ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ( ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﳝﺜﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﻸﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
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‫ﻭﺿﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻈﺔ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻗﺪ ﳜﻠﻖ ‪2.7‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﲝﻠﻮﻝ‪ .2030‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ " ﺑﻜﻮﺑﻨﻬﺎﻏﻦ" ﺟﺰﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎﺝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﲔ ﺇﱃ ‪ 3.11‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎ ﰲ ‪ .2030‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
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‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﲟﻔﺮﺩﻩ ‪-‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻇﻒ ‪ 2.03‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ‪ 2030‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 0.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ‪.2010‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ‪ 2.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﲝﻠﻮﻝ ‪ ،2030‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻟﻮ ﰎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ "ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲝﻠﻮﻝ ‪ 2030‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﺳﻔﲔ ﺗﻴﺴﻚ" ﰲ "ﺟﺮﻳﻨﺒﻴﺲ"‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳐﻄﺌﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺸﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﳝﺜﻞ ‪‬ﺪﻳﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺣﲔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ" ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﻟﺮﻭﻳﺘﺮﺯ" ﺣﻮﻝ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﺻﻴﻞ( ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ "ﻛﺮﻳﺘﺴﲔ ﻟﻴﱰ" ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ "ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎﺝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﲔ ﺇﱃ ‪11.3‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ‪ ،2030‬ﲟﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ‪ 6.9‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻮﺽ ‪ 1.9‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﲟﻔﺮﺩﻩ ‪-‬‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪-‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻇﻒ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ‪ ،2030‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 0.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ‪ vii.2010‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ‬
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‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﻓﲑﺍ ﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ )ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ(‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ ﺿﺠﻴﺠﺎ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 25‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ )ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ(‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﲑ ‪ 3000‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 4000‬ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ La Géothermique‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ‪،Postes sur site‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﳏﻠﻴﺎ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ ‪ Sustainability‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺘﻮﻯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ "ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻼﻧﺪ" ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
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‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻻﹰ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ " :‬ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ( ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺧﻔﺾ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻌﲏ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻸﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺑﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﻭﻥ‪ x.‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﱰﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﺃﻥ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲢﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﱐ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳌﺎ ﳛﺪﺛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﳛﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﳍﺎ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
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‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺧﻔﺾ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺗﻪ‬
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‫ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻺﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 23‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪.2001‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ‪ :‬ﳝﺜﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﲟﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﻫﺪﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﻌﲑ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﺰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
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‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﳚﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳐﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﺧﻔﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪xv‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻌﺬﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫‪xvi‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻟﻪ ﲟﺼﺪﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ‬
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‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻛﺎﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻳﺪ‪ ...‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﳏﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫‪xviii‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪xix‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻀﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻭﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﲝﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ، 2030‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪35‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2006‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %43‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،2005‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺬﺑﺖ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،%40‬ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻱ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،%26‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .%16‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻧﺎﺿﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﰲ‬
‫‪xx‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺴ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯ*‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪xxi‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ 1988‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ‪CDER‬؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪UDES‬؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻮﻡ ‪.UDTS‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ .UPRUE‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ‪ CREDEG‬ﰲ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﰎ ﺍﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺠﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﺏ ‪ ،HCDS‬ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﳒﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺿﺦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺗﺜﻤﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌ ﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻧﺎﻃﺮﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑـ ‪" NEAL‬ﻧﻴﻮ ﺍﻳﻨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺃﳉﲑﻳﺎ" ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ، 2002‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ‪ NEAL‬ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ 150‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ‪‬ﺠﲔ ﴰﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ؛‬ ‫§‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺣﻈﲑﺓ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﺪﻭﻑ؛‬ ‫§‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻨﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ )ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻳﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ‪ 1500‬ﻣﱰﻝ ﺭﻳﻔﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫§‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ؛‬
‫‪ -3‬ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 1986‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺭﺕ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.1986‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ )‪ ( Gisement solaire‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ 2.381.743‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪ 2‬ﻭﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 3000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﴰﺴﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ xxii .‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻠﻪ ﲝﺠﻢ ‪ 169440‬ﺗﻴﺘﺮﺍﻭﺍﻁ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ 1700‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻁ‪/‬ﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ 2650‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻝ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﳐﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،1988‬ﻣﻊ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺑﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻨﱵ ‪ 1999‬ﻭ ‪،2001‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺍ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﺷﻨﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ‪ 14‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪ ،2011‬ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳍﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﶈﻄﺔ "ﺣﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ" ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ "ﺗﻴﻐﻠﻤﺖ" ‪150‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﺣﻔﻞ ﺗﺪﺷﲔ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ ﻭﻧﻈﲑﻩ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﱐ ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺒﺎﺳﺘﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﻠﻔﺘﻪ ‪ 350‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺪ "ﻣﺜﺎﻻ ﺑﻠﻴﻐﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺭﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ ﻛﻜﻞ "‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻴﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻨﲑ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ "ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺣﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﱐ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ "ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ" ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﲑ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪25‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻢ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺑـ ‪ 3000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺑـ ‪ %80‬ﻣﻦ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻀﻢ‪ 70‬ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ‪ 65‬ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺎ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪ .‬ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﱐ‬
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‫ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺑﺮﻣﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ ﺎ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2009‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳍﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ "ﺃﺑﻴﻨﲑ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪".‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ "ﺩﻳﺰﺭﺗﻴﻚ" ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﺑﺮﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ 2011‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪56‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﲤﺜﻞ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﰲ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑـ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪560‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ .‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﳑﻀﺎﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻔﻮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ‪‬ﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺳﺒﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪ (2030-2011‬ﳓﻮ‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫‪ 22.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻖ ‪ ،2030‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %40‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮ ‪ 10.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ 22.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﰎ ﺑﺮﳎﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻮﺟﻪ ‪ 12.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻗﺔ ﲜﻬﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪100‬‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﺷﻐﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻵﺧﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﲔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﳛﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﳝﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 1200‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻭﺑﺘﻀﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﲤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﱵ ﺍﻷﻃﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻫﺎﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺘﲔ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﻝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 4‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺛﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 6‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺛﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ "ﺃﺩﺭﺍﺭ" ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ‪ 2‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 6‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﺦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮ ﺗﻔﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺗﺎﺡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﻃﺔ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﲦﺎﱐ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪172‬ﺗﻴﺘﺮﺍﻭﺍﻁ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪37‬ﺗﻴﺘﺮﺍﻭﺍﻁ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %75‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.2007‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺑـ‪ 10‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﺑﺄﺩﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻭﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻊ‬
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‫‪ CEGELEC‬ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻄﺮﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﳎﺎ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﳋﻤﺎﺳﻲ )‪ ،(2014-2010‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺑﻮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺿﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﳋﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (2019-2015‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺼﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﳊﻈﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ‪ %5‬ﺃﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 286‬ﺟﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻛﺎﰲ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺪ ﰎ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ ‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺲ ﺍﳉﻮﺭﺍﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 200‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﺪﱐ ﺣﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭﴰﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ‪°40‬ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺨﻮﻃﲔ ﺑـ ‪ °96‬ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺴﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﳋﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺘﺘﺞ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪2‬ﻡ‪ 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻓﻘﻂ ﳑﺎ ﲢﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ "ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻟﺒﻴﺔ"‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪°57‬ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﰎ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 700‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﺩﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ‪ %90‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ؛‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 2,5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ %10‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪1,8‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ‪ 1,9‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﻴﺘﻮﺱ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﲔ ﻣﻬﻤﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻱ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳝﺜﻼﻥ ﺇﻻ ‪ %5‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺃﻭﺣﺎﻝ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﻬﲑ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ )ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪...‬ﺍﱁ(‪.‬‬
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‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻛﺠﻮﻫﺮ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻮﺗﻔﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺚ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ " ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻻﻓﺘﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺳﻴﺘﻴﺢ "ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭﰎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ‪ -‬ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪ -‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺮﻛﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ"‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻭﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ ﺑﺈﻟﺰﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﺍ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ " ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ"‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺳﺘﻘﺪﻡ "ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻴﻠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ " ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﺴﲎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺈﺩﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ "ﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫‪ 22.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ‪ 2030‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 12.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭ ‪ 10.000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﺎﺣﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻠﻤﻮﺱ" ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﻣﻠﺘﺰﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﺧﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ"‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ "ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺒﺔ" ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ 40‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ )‪ 383‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﻭ(‪،‬‬
‫‪xxix‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ 116‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﺸﻐﻞ‪ 500‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇ ﹼﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺎ)ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﶈﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﹼﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻬﺪﺩﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﳚﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪ‪‬ﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺭﻛﻴﺰﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ ﺯﳚﻤﺎﺭ ﻏﺎﺑﺮﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑﺓ‪،‬‬

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 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﺼﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺳﻨﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﻔﺎﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺳﻨﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺇﻥ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﱰﻓﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺇﻥ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻀﻮﺏ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﺨﻠﻖ ﺃﺯﻣﺔ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻤﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﳓﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ؛‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺪ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ‪ 3000‬ﺳﺎ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 60‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 5000‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ؛‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻃﻤﻮﺡ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪ 2030-2011‬ﳓﻮﻯ ‪ 22000‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %40‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ؛‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻯ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺗﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ؛‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺍﻵﻣﻦ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ؛‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﱐ ﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻵﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﳊﻖ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎ ﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،78‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪ ، 2005‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.95-94‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﺧﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،2007 ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.125- 120‬‬
‫‪3- Rapport économique sur l’Afrique 2010, Promouvoir une croissance forte et durable‬‬
‫‪pour réduire le chômage en Afrique, commission économique pour l’Afrique 2010, Addis-‬‬
‫‪Abeba, Ethiopie, pp 112-114.‬‬

‫‪47 | P a g e‬‬ ‫‪www.ScienceReflection.com‬‬

 ‫)‪Science Reflection (SR‬‬ ‫‪Vol2, No1, February, 2017‬‬
‫‪www.sciencereflection.com‬‬ ‫‪Global Journal of Economic and Business‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ )ﺃﺭﻳﻨﺎ(‪www.mowr.gov.iq:81/rafidain- ،‬‬
‫‪ ، mag/mainview.php?id‬ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ‪.2016/06/17 :‬‬

‫‪5- Habib Hamzi, Contribution des énergies renouvelables à la structuration de l’espace‬‬

‫‪géographique dans les pays en développement, étude publiée dans la tribune du portail :‬‬
‫‪www.My portial.com, date de publication 12/04/2007.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪ ،www.aidmo.org/beta//index.php?option=com‬ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪.2016/06/18‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪-7‬‬
‫‪ ، http://www.methak.org/ar/?articles=topic&topic=2343‬ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ‪.2016/06/19 :‬‬
‫‪(Tee) : les réseaux 8- Les énergies renouvelables, Territoires emplois environnement‬‬
‫‪régionaux au service des emplois, des métiers de l’environnement et du développement‬‬
‫‪durable.‬‬
‫‪9- Yvette Lazzeri, Le développement durable du concept à la mesure, édition‬‬
‫‪L’HARMATTAN, Paris, 2008, p 12.‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪،2002 ،‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪.115‬‬
‫‪ -11‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪ ،2020‬ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،2000 ،‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.23 ،11‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻃﺎﻟﱯ ﻭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪-‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،-‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪، 06‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺻﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﺎﺡ ﻭﺭﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ، 2006،‬ﺹ ‪.205‬‬
‫‪ -13‬ﳌﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺪﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﲣﺼﺺ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ، 2010/2009،‬ﺹ ‪.134‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﻓﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ، 2012 ،‬ﺹ ‪.151‬‬
‫‪ -15‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪ ، 2002،‬ﺹ ‪.02‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.03‬‬
‫‪-16‬‬
‫‪ -17‬ﻓﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.151‬‬
‫‪ -18‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﻬﻮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻠﺪﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،2011‬ﺹ ‪.218‬‬
‫‪ -19‬ﻣﺮﱘ ﺑﻮﻋﺸﲑ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،2011/2010،‬ﺹ ‪.190‬‬
‫‪ -20‬ﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﳛﻲ ﲪﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪Http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp, Cite consulté le 05/03/2017.‬‬
‫* ﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ‪:‬‬

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 Science Reflection (SR) Vol2, No1, February, 2017
www.sciencereflection.com Global Journal of Economic and Business

.6/20106/8Portail des énergies renouvelables en Algérie, portail.cder.dz, Cite consulté le 2

.32‫ ﺹ‬،‫ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬،‫ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ‬،2007 ‫ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ‬،‫ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬-21
- Bulletin des énergies renouvelables, semestriel n°18, 2010, ministère du l’enseignement 22
supérieur et la recherche scientifique, direction générale de la recherche scientifique et du
développement technologique, publication du centre de développement des énergies
.renouvelables
.82‫ ﺹ‬،2010 ‫ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬،10‫ ﻭ‬9 ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ‬،"NOOR"‫ ﳎﻠﺔ ﻧﻮﺭ‬-23
.www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/ar/features/awi/features/2011/07/24/feature- 24
‫ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ‬،‫ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﻑ ﺷﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬-25
08/07،‫ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ‬،‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬
.831‫ ﺹ‬،2008 ‫ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ‬
.84-83‫ ﺹ ﺹ‬،2010 ‫ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬،05 ،04 ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬،"NOOR"‫ ﳎﻠﺔ ﻧﻮﺭ‬-26
L’Actuel, le magazine de l’économie et du partenariat international, N° - international -27
124, février2011, p 17.
www.ambalgdamas.com/dz/index.Cite consulté le23/12/2015. -28
, Cite consulté le 24/07/2011.www.magharebia.com/cocoon - 29

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