The document outlines various levels of biological organization, organelle functions, and their analogies to city components. It discusses the composition and functions of the plasma membrane, as well as processes like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Additionally, it identifies specific organelles abundant in pancreas beta cells and liver cells, emphasizing their roles in protein production and detoxification.
The document outlines various levels of biological organization, organelle functions, and their analogies to city components. It discusses the composition and functions of the plasma membrane, as well as processes like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Additionally, it identifies specific organelles abundant in pancreas beta cells and liver cells, emphasizing their roles in protein production and detoxification.
The document outlines various levels of biological organization, organelle functions, and their analogies to city components. It discusses the composition and functions of the plasma membrane, as well as processes like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Additionally, it identifies specific organelles abundant in pancreas beta cells and liver cells, emphasizing their roles in protein production and detoxification.
The document outlines various levels of biological organization, organelle functions, and their analogies to city components. It discusses the composition and functions of the plasma membrane, as well as processes like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Additionally, it identifies specific organelles abundant in pancreas beta cells and liver cells, emphasizing their roles in protein production and detoxification.
Cytoskeleton Maintains and supports structure of the cell.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins from RNA. Located on the rough
endoplasmic reticulum For this section, match each organelle to its city equivalent. Each organelle plays a vital role in the cell, just as different parts of a city contribute to its function. Use what you know about organelle functions to find the best match for each city part. Know how to explain your answer
Organelle City Equivalent
Nucleus - 4 Power Plant Mitochondria - 1 Post Office/Packaging Center Rough ER (Endoplasmic Infrastructure Reticulum) - 8 Ribosome - 5 City Hall/Government Smooth ER - 6 Factories Golgi Complex - 2 Oil Refinery Lysosomes/Peroxisomes - 7 City Cleaners/Garbage Workers Cytoskeleton - 3 Industrial Complex
Which organelle(s) would you expect to be abundant in pancreas
beta cells that are responsible for producing insulin (a protein)?
Ribosomes
Which organelle(s) would you expect to be abundant in liver cells,
which are involved in detoxifying substances?
Lysosomes and Peroxisome
Plasma membrane: Word Bank:
a. Phospholipids (2) d. Exocytosis f. Pinocytosis
b. Bilayer, e. Proteins (2 g. Phagocytosis Cholesterol c. Endocytosis
1. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of phospholipids and
protein, forming a flexible barrier around the cell.
2. Phospholipids are amphipathic (both hydrophobic and hydrophilic)
molecules with hydrophilic heads that interact with water and hydrophobic tails that avoid water.
3. Protein in the plasma membrane act as channels, transporters, and
receptors to facilitate communication and substance exchange.
4. The plasma membrane is arranged as a bilayer, with the hydrophilic
heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.
5. Cholesterol is embedded in the plasma membrane to regulate its
fluidity and stability under varying temperatures.
6. Endocytosis is a process where the plasma membrane engulfs
substances into the cell, forming vesicles.
7. Exocytosis is the reverse process, where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.
8. Large particles, such as bacteria, are engulfed during phagocytosis,
while extracellular fluid and solutes are taken in during pinocytosis.
Simple diffusion: Examine the provided diagram, which illustrates particles
on one side of a semipermeable membrane. This membrane selectively allows certain particles to pass through based on their size, charge, or solubility. Predict what will happen after simple diffusion occurs, and draw on the diagram to illustrate the movement of particles across the membrane. Be sure to consider how particles will move from areas of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Facilitated Diffusion: Examine the diagram provided, which shows a
semipermeable membrane without a channel protein. Begin by drawing larger molecules on one side of the membrane in the first panel. Then, predict what will happen after facilitated diffusion occurs in the presence of a channel protein.
Active Transport: Active Transport: Examine the diagram provided. In the first panel, draw an equal concentration of molecules on both sides of the semipermeable membrane. These molecules can pass through the membrane. In the second panel, show what happens after active transport occurs, to move molecules against their concentration gradient, resulting in an unequal distribution with a higher concentration on one side of the membrane. Draw an arrow to indicate which direction the molecules are being pumped.
Osmosis: True or false
1. Osmosis involves the movement of water from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. True
2. The phrase "water follows solute" describes the process of osmosis.
True
3. Larger particles in the blood are trapped there because of
semipermeable membranes of many cells lining the blood vessels. This keeps those large particles trapped within the blood which attracts water to stay in the blood and prevent edema (water moving out of the blood and causing swelling of the limbs). True
