Board of secondary Education 2025-2026
Curriculum for Class-X
Political Science (Democratic Politics – II)
1. Power Sharing:
Analyze the concept of power sharing and its necessity in
democratic systems. Study the case of Belgium and Sri Lanka to
understand accommodation of diverse social groups. Discuss
different forms of power sharing: horizontal (legislature,
executive, judiciary), vertical (federal structures), and
community-based sharing. Explore the advantages and
challenges of power sharing in maintaining unity and democracy
in multicultural societies.
2. Federalism:
Examine the federal structure of governance, focusing on the
distribution of power between the Union and State governments.
Study the constitutional provisions for federalism in India, its
practical functioning, and challenges like inter-state disputes and
decentralization. Analyze the role of local government systems
(Panchayati Raj and Municipalities) in enhancing grassroots
democracy. Compare federal systems in India with those in the
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United States and Canada to understand variations and
effectiveness.
3. Democracy and Diversity:
Understand the intersection of social diversity and democracy.
Analyze the outcomes of social divisions in democratic societies
with examples from India, the US, and South Africa. Study the
role of political parties, civil society, and movements in managing
social diversity. Discuss the concept of majoritarianism and its
challenges to democracy. Explore case studies of movements
advocating for social justice and inclusion.
4. Gender, Religion, and Caste in Politics:
Delve into the impact of social structures like gender, religion,
and caste on Indian politics. Study women’s representation, the
role of religion in secularism, and caste dynamics in electoral
processes. Analyze constitutional safeguards for equality and
their effectiveness in addressing social inequalities. Explore the
role of grassroots movements and political organizations in
promoting gender and caste equality.
5. Political Parties:
Study the structure, types, and functions of political parties in
India and globally. Analyze the challenges faced by political
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parties, including internal democracy, corruption, and the
influence of money and muscle power. Explore the role of
regional parties, coalition politics, and reforms for making parties
more democratic. Compare multi-party and two-party systems
with real-world examples.
6. Outcomes of Democracy:
Evaluate the performance of democratic systems based on
political, social, and economic outcomes. Analyze the role of
democracy in ensuring accountability, responsiveness, and
transparency. Study the limitations of democracy, including
inefficiency, corruption, and majoritarianism. Examine the
relationship between economic development and democratic
values, focusing on case studies from developed and developing
nations.
7. Challenges to Democracy:
Identify the key challenges faced by democracies in India and
globally, such as poverty, illiteracy, inequality, and corruption.
Discuss measures to deepen democracy, including electoral
reforms, judicial activism, and public awareness. Study the role
of media, civil society, and technology in addressing these
challenges and enhancing democratic participation.
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Activities in Political Science (Excluding Theory)
1. Role Plays and Simulations:
Mock Parliament: Simulate parliamentary sessions to understand
legislative processes, debates, and decision-making.
Election Campaign: Organize a mock election, including
campaigning, voting, and counting processes to highlight the
functioning of electoral systems.
Conflict Resolution: Role-play scenarios involving conflicts
between different social groups and propose solutions through
democratic means.
2. Debates and Discussions:
Conduct debates on topics like "Federalism vs. Unitarianism" or
"Secularism in a Multicultural Society."
Organize group discussions on issues such as gender equality,
caste politics, and the role of media in democracy.
3. Case Studies and Report Writing:
Analyze real-life examples of power sharing, such as the Belgium
model or India’s federal structure.
Write reports on grassroots movements (e.g., Chipko Movement or
Narmada Bachao Andolan) and their impact on democracy.
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4. Quizzes and Crosswords:
Develop quizzes on topics like constitutional provisions, political
parties, and international democratic systems.
Use crossword puzzles to reinforce terminologies like secularism,
coalition, or federalism.
5. Model Making and Infographics:
Create models of the Indian Parliament, federal structure maps, or
the electoral process.
Design infographics explaining the hierarchy of governance or the
challenges faced by democracies.
6. Creative Writing:
Write fictional scenarios exploring the outcomes of democracy in
diverse societies.
Draft letters to local representatives addressing community issues.
7. Interactive Games:
Play games like “Build Your Democracy,” focusing on creating a
sustainable and inclusive political system.
Use decision-making games to simulate resolving political or social
conflicts.
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8. Graph and Data Analysis:
Analyze voter turnout data, party performance trends, and gender
representation in legislatures.
Interpret visual data, such as bar graphs and pie charts, related to
democratic processes.
9. Poster Making and Campaigning:
Create posters advocating for issues like gender equality, religious
harmony, or social justice.
Design campaigns promoting political literacy and civic
responsibility.
10. Group Projects:
Work in teams to draft a model constitution for an imaginary nation.
Create a presentation on how different countries address challenges
to democracy.
11. Social Media Engagement:
Design social media posts or blogs to raise awareness about
democratic values and participation.
Simulate a political campaign using digital tools to highlight youth
engagement in politics.
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12. Public Speaking and Advocacy:
Organize speeches or TED Talk-style presentations on topics like
“The Role of Media in Democracy” or “Challenges to Federalism.”
13. Comparative Analysis:
Compare the political systems of India with countries like the USA,
UK, or South Africa.
Analyze the role of regional parties versus national parties in Indian
politics.
14. Community Action Plans:
Develop actionable plans to address local issues using democratic
principles and present them to community leaders.
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