Chapter 1

波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

qualify (v.) 限制 缓和 使话不⾄于说得太满

To modify, limit, or restrict, as by giving conditions/reservations.

qualification (n.) 限制 缓和

He always appears genteel and elegant (when he is not drunk).

(a qualification)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

qualify (v.) 限制 缓和 (使话不⾄于说得太满)

To modify, limit, or restrict, as by giving conditions/reservations.
qualification (n.) 限制 缓和

I’ve been to every country in the world, or almost every country.

(a qualification)
限制/缓和
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

qualify (v.) 限制 缓和 (使话不⾄于说得太满)

To modify, limit, or restrict, as by giving conditions/reservations.
qualification (n.) 限制 缓和

The last half century has gained for women the right to the
highest education and entrance to all professions and
occupations, or nearly all … — 官⽅指南模拟题
(a qualification)
 SAT真题 请做题 👇
When there was not that much data around, researchers had to
make sure that the figures they bothered to collect were as exact as
possible. Tapping vastly more data means that we can now allow
some inaccuracies to slip in (provided the data set is not completely
incorrect), in return for benefiting from the insights that a massive
body of data provides.

The author includes the information in the parentheses in order to

( )
B qualify the previous statement that messiness can be tolerated.
When there was not that much data around, researchers had to
make sure that the figures they bothered to collect were as exact
as possible. Tapping vastly more data means that we can now
allow some inaccuracies to slip in (provided the data set is not
completely incorrect), in return for benefiting from the insights
that a massive body of data provides.

The author includes the information in the parentheses in order to

( )
B qualify the previous statement that messiness can be tolerated.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

entertain (v.) ⼼存 (…想法/情感) 近义词: harbor (v.)

I’ve always entertained the idea of having a second child.

He had entertained hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young

ladies, of whose beauty he had heard much, but he saw only the father.
(from Pride and Prejudice)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

entertain (v.) ⼼存 (…想法/情感) 近义词: harbor (v.)

She made reasonable progress, entertained for me a vivacious, though

perhaps not very profound, affection. (2016年10⽉真题例句)

vivacious (adj.) 爽朗活泼的

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

contain (v.) 限制 制⽌ = check (SAT常考)

“Unless this disease is checked, the human race will wilt like
any other crop”, Jackson wrote 30 years ago. (16年6⽉北美考题)

In this sentence, “checked” most nearly means ( )

A examined B contained C established D verified

核实 证实
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

resigned (adj.) ⽆奈地接受的

resignation (n.) ⽆奈地接受 (不尽如⼈意的现状)
近义词 : acquiescence (n.) 默认 submission (n.) ⾂服 顺从

When life was experiencing its down turns, she accepted them
with resignation.
波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

want (n./v.) 缺乏= lack (SAT常考)

Waste not , want not. — 英⽂谚语

勤俭节约, 吃穿不缺
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

want (n./v.) 缺乏 缺失 = lack (SAT常考)

The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every

day. She recalled her past kindness …… (PSAT模拟题)

In this sentence, ‘want’ most nearly means ( )

A desire B lack C requirement D request

want (n.) 需求 = need (SAT真题考点)

But when dire want arrived, when he had no money where

with to buy brushes and colors, when his implacable landlord
came ten times a day to demand the rent for his rooms, then
did the luck of the wealthy artists recur to his hungry
imagination.

In this sentence, “want” most nearly means ( )

A need B absence C ambition D greed
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

prudence(n.) 审慎 明智
prudent (adj.) 审慎的 明智的 显⽰出良好判断⼒的
imprudent (adj.) 不审慎的 不明智的

It is prudent to save some of your money for future use.

It might be prudent to hear some other people’s opinions

before you go ahead with your plan.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

Prudence will dictate that … 审慎会决定/要求…

…. 是审慎明智的想法/做法
dictate (v.) 权威地命令/决定

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established

should not be changed for light and transient causes;
短暂的 稍纵即逝的
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

inalienable (adj.) 不可剥夺的 不可转让的

inalienable rights : 不可剥夺的权利

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created

equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness. — American Constitution
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

wistful (adj.) 忧郁的 惆怅的 渴望⽽又得不到的

full of melancholy longing or wishful yearning

She saw her friend’s big house with wistful envy.

I will never forget the wistful eyes of the children craving

for knowledge.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

suffrage (n.) 选举权

enfranchise (v.) 授予选举权
disfranchise (v.) 剥夺选举权

During these years, suffrage demands by women became

increasingly vocal and difficult to ignore.

In Britain women were enfranchised in 1918.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

Though disfranchised, we have few women in the best

sense; we have simply so many reflections, varieties, and
dilutions of the masculine gender. — 官⽅指南模拟题

disfranchised (adj.) 没有选举权的 被剥夺了选举权的

dilution (n.) 稀释物
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

form (n.) 传统 习俗 = tradition/custom (SAT常考)

Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he
followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to
approach a go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?
(官⽅指南模拟题)
In this sentence, “form” most nearly means ( )

A appearance B custom C structure D nature

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

form (n.) 传统 习俗 = tradition/custom (SAT常考)

… mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are

sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to
which they are accustomed.
—官⽅指南模拟题
profess (v.) (虚假地) 声称
professed (adj.) (某⼈) 声称的 (但并⾮真实的)
profession (n.) (虚假的)声称

I’m tired of all your professions of love for me.

Amid overflowing professions of regard for the

sovereignty of the People in the Territory, they were
despoiled of every essential privilege of sovereignty.
— 2018年5⽉北美真题例句
sovereignty (n.) ⾃主权 were despoiled of 被剥夺了…
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

temper (v.) 缓和 节制 使程度不那么甚 (to lessen /moderate)

tempered (adj.) 收敛的 节制的 适中的

The heat in this coastal town is tempered by cool sea breezes.

缓解
Rather than showing wild enthusiasm, she displayed a more
tempered joy.
有节制的
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

untempered (adj.) 未被…所节制的 未被…所缓和的

Society is but the reflection of man himself, untempered by

woman’s thought …
— 官⽅指南模拟题
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

arbitrary (adj.) 仅凭主观意愿的 任意妄为的

想怎么样就怎么样的
(不凭证据 原则 法律 规定)

A good judge does not make arbitrary decisions.

In some countries, arbitrary arrests and detention(拘留)

without trial are common.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

arbitrary (adj.) 仅凭主观意愿的 任意妄为的

想怎么样就怎么样的
(不凭证据 原则 法律 规定)

He often makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions.

It was a totally arbitrary decision.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

but : 仅仅 = only (频现于⼩说篇章和政治⽂献)

Man, who represents but half a complete being, with but half
an idea on every subject, has undertaken the absolute control
of all sublunary matters. — 官⽅指南模拟题
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

but : 仅仅 = only (频现于⼩说篇章和政治⽂献)

I have had but one idea for the last three years to present to
the American people : …… (SAT真题例句)

But you are impatient : you have but to be attracted by

anything to fall in love with it . (SAT真题例句)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

felicity (n.) 幸福 开⼼ = happiness

felicitous (adj.) 幸福的 开⼼的

Mr. Phillips visited them all, and this opened to his nieces
a store of felicity unknown before. (Pride and Prejudice)

Have you anything else to propose for my domestic

felicity? (Pride and Prejudice)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

lavish (adj.) 1 丰富的 奢华的 2 ⼤量给予的 慷慨的

a lavish meal : 丰盛的⼀餐 a lavish buffet : 奢华的⾃助餐

She was criticized for her lavish spending on luxury clothes.

The critics were lavish in their praise for this film.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

recommend (v.) 使…有吸引⼒

make … attractive/valuable

He has nothing to recommend himself except a rich dad.

This book has little to recommend it.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

recommend (v.) 使…有吸引⼒

make … attractive/valuable

Much less is it advisable for a person to go thither, who has no

other quality to recommend him but his birth.
(2016年12⽉北美真题例句)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

recommend (v.) 使…有吸引⼒ make … attractive/valuable

Though everywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart

and his amiable temper, his talents could not have
recommended him at any time. (PSAT模拟题)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

regard (n.) 喜爱 爱慕 欣赏 (常见于⼩说篇和政治⽂献篇)

His regard for Jane is obvious to everyone.

I feel most grateful for your regards.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

regard (n.) 喜爱 爱慕 欣赏 (2018年3⽉真题考点)

I never was so won upon, as by this class; never yielded up

my full confidence and esteem so readily and pleasurably, as
to them; never can make again, in half a year, so many
friends for whom I seem to entertain the regard of half a life.

‘Regard’ most nearly means ( )

A care B motive C appreciation D aspect

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

reserve (n.) 矜持 沉默 话不多 有所保留 不愿透露

reserved (adj.) 矜持的 沉默的 话不多的 有所保留的
reservation (n.) 保留 节制 without reservation : 毫⽆保留

Although they’ve been going out for years, there’s still a sense of
reserve between them.

I will support you without reservation.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

unreserve (n.) 毫⽆保留 亲密⽆间 彻底敞开⼼扉 ⽆所不谈

But the intercourse of the last seven years, the equal footing and
perfect unreserve …. , was yet a dearer, tenderer recollection.

(PSAT模拟题)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

indignation (n.) 愤怒 (常见于⼩说篇和政治⽂献)

indignant (adj.) 愤怒的

To his indignation, Charles found that his name was

not on the list.

He was full of righteous indignation about the attack.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

design (n.) 意图 ⽬的 = motive / intention / purpose

Is that his design in settling here? (from ‘Pride and Prejudice’)

Her real design in joining the golf club was to find a rich
husband.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

design (n.) 意图 ⽬的 = motive / intention / purpose

… and the phrase parent- or mother-country has been adopted by

the king and his parasites , with a low design of gaining an unfair
bias on the credulous(轻信的) weakness of our minds.
(SAT真题例句)
a low design : 卑贱的意图/⽬的
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

evince (v.) 流露出 (某种情绪 意图等) show / demonstrate

After taking the first bite, he evinced disgust.

My southern accent annoyed him; the degree of education

evinced in my language irritated him;
—官⽅指南模拟题
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

evince (v.) 流露出 (某种情绪 意图等) show / demonstrate

But when a long train of abuses and usurpations(篡夺权利), pursuing

invariably the same object(⽬标), evinces a design to reduce them
under absolute despotism(暴政 独裁), it is their duty to throw off such
government, and to provide new guards for their future security.
(官⽅指南模拟题)
evinces a design : 流露出⼀种意图
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

allegiance (n.) 忠诚

swear allegiance to …宣誓对…效忠

refuse allegiance to … 拒绝对…忠诚 / 反叛

Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends,

it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it …
(官⽅指南模拟题)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

institute (v.) 建⽴ = establish

institution (n.) 建⽴ = establishment

institute a new government : 建⽴⼀个新政府

institute a new policy : 建⽴⼀项新的政策
the institution of a new government : 新政府的建⽴
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

institution (n.) 制度 习俗 普遍的做法

(an established custom, law, or relationship in a society or
community)

the institution of marriage 婚姻制度/习俗

The institution of slavery was once widespread.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

institution (n.) 制度 习俗 普遍的做法

But, my friends, this is a slavery of race ; it is a slavery

which those white people have been taught for thirty years
is a divine institution.
神⼀般的制度 / 美好的制度
occasion (v.) 引起 引发 使得 = cause (常见于⼩说篇和政治⽂献)

The scandal has occasioned a series of discussions and comments.

That event has occasioned me to make a life-changing decision.

This will cement the union, and avoid those heats, and perhaps
convulsions(痉挛), which might have been occasioned by such a
Declaration, six months ago.
(2016年12⽉真题例句)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

consecrate (v.) 圣化 / 使…神圣化 (常见于⼩说篇和政治⽂献)

近义词: sanctify 反义词 : desecrate 亵渎

In Western culture , the image of Jesus Christ is consecrated.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

consecrate (v.) 圣化 / 使…神圣化 (常见于⼩说篇和政治⽂献)

近义词: sanctify 反义词 : desecrate

He did not realize that Lucy had consecrated her environment by the
thousand little civilities(友好) that create a tenderness in time, and
that though her eyes saw its defects, her heart refused to despise it
entirely. (2016年12⽉真题例句)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

aggrandize (v.) 1 扩⼤(⼒量 财富 声望 范围 等)

2 夸⼤ (认为…⽐实际的更⼤/更⾼)

The Democratic Party aggrandized itself during this period.

扩⼤/壮⼤
He obviously aggrandized his contributions to the project.
夸⼤
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

aggrandizing (adj.) 夸⼤其词的 夸夸其谈的

The male element is a destructive force, stern, selfish,

aggrandizing, loving war, …
5

—官⽅指南模拟题
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

cause (n.) (某⼈致⼒于的) 理念 ⽬标 运动 伟业

(a principle, ideal, goal, or movement to which a person or group
is dedicated)

the Socialist cause : 社会主义事业

the Human rights cause : ⼈权事业
the Feminist cause : ⼥权运动
the anti-slavery cause : 反奴运动
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

fetter (常⽤复数) 脚镣 束缚 限制 fetter (v.) 限制 束缚

The anti-slavery cause had come to

break stronger fetters than those that
held the slave.
(官⽅指南模拟题)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

departure from …. 对于…的背离 (depart from …)

deviation from … 对于…的背离 (deviate from…)

He was severely criticized for his departure from the

norms(传统 习俗) of the time.
He was severely criticized for his deviation from the
norms(传统 习俗) of the time.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

fly in the face of … 违逆 违背

Doing wicked things is to fly in the face of God.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

orate (v.) (浮夸地) 长篇⼤论 雄辩 演说

orator (n.) 雄辩的演说家

She is a feminist, often orating in public about her

feminist ideals.

Hitler was a great orator.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

plead (v.) 恳求 恳求某⼈: plead with sb

She pleaded with them until they finally agreed.

German leaders denounced the attacks and pleaded

for more tolerance.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

plead (v.) (法律术语) 声称⾃⼰ (有罪/⽆罪)

declare oneself to be (guilty/not guilty) in response to a charge

He pleaded guilty to murder.

承认有罪
He pleaded innocent to the charges.
声称⾃⼰⽆辜
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

artful (adj.) 狡猾的 有⼼计的 = cunning

art (n.) 狡猾 ⼼计 算计

artsy / arty : (显得/装得)有艺术⽓质/品味的

She used artful means to win his favor.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

control (n.) (科学实验中的) 对照组 (SAT真题考点)

control (n.) (科学实验中的) 对照组 (SAT真题考点)

Each insect was placed for five minutes in an apparatus that had
two chambers, one of which contained a sample of the volatiles
and the other an odorless control. (SAT真题)

In this sentence, “control” most nearly means ( )

A regulating force B restrictive mechanism

C comparative element D supervising factor
tactful (adj.) ⼈情练达的 处理⼈际关系体贴周到的
通晓待⼈处事之道的
处理各种复杂微妙的⼈际关系很有技巧很有⼿腕的
tact (n.) ⼈情练达 处理⼈际关系体贴周到
有技巧有⼿腕 ⼋⾯玲珑

Mentioning his divorce in front of so many people isn’t very tactful.

Persuading the Board to accept the plan requires some tact.

I’m trying to find a tactful way to tell her the sad truth.
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

wayward (adj.) 任性的 完全按照⾃⼰的意愿/想法⾏事的

My pupil was a lively child, who had been spoilt and indulged, and
therefore was sometimes wayward. (2016年10⽉真题例句)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

enmity (n.) 敌意 同义词 : antipathy hostility

The antipathy which had sprung up between myself and my

employer, striking deeper root and spreading denser shade daily,
excluded me from every glimpse of the sunshine of life;
官⽅指南模拟题
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

savage (n.) 野⼈ 野蛮⼈ savage (adj.) 野蛮的 凶残的

Even brutes do not devour(吞⾷) their young , nor savages make

war upon their families.
(2016年10⽉真题例句)

The savage criminal killed 6 children with his dagger.

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

persecuted (adj.) 受迫害的

persecute (v.) 迫害 persecution (n.) 迫害

This New World has been the asylum(避难所) for the persecuted
lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe.
(2016年10⽉真题例句)
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

exquisite (adj.) 精致的 精美的 精⼼制作的

an exquisite tea set

a curtain of exquisite design

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

exquisite (adj.) (情感) 剧烈的 程度很甚的 = intense / keen

exquisite delight : ⾮常的开⼼ exquisite pain : 极具的痛苦

They were gradually acquainted, and when acquainted, rapidly

and deeply in love. ….. A short period of exquisite felicity
followed. (2018年6⽉考点)

exquisite felicity : 极乐 极其的开⼼ exquisite = intense

 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇课程

The golden hair was a shade or two darker but not any thinner;
no longer was it cut short but fell rather fully over his ears and down to
his collar. In this suit that fit him so exquisitely he seemed even taller and
leaner than I remembered him in the uniform of one sport or another.
— 2017年5⽉北美真题

As used in the above sentence, “exquisitely” most nearly means

A skillfully B perfectly C primly D formally
过分礼貌/过分得体的
得体得有些做作的
 波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

deprecate (v.) 不赞同 反对 谴责

(to express disapproval of …)

同义词: condemn / deplore / denounce

She deprecated the connection in every light. (2018年6⽉真题例句)

 善变的 多变的：
fickle (adj.) 善变的 多变的 不稳定的 (尤指感情)
capricious (adj.) (性情) 善变的 多变的 caprice (n.) 善变 多变
volatile (adj.) 易挥发的 不稳定的 多变的
mercurial (adj.) ⽔银的 不稳定的 多变的

In addition, Medieval thinkers pointed out that humans are

mortal, and their opinions and feelings are as fickle as the wind.

She has a capricious personality: nothing is predictable about her.

波⼠顿善恩教育—SAT核⼼词汇

短暂的 稍纵即逝的:

ephemeral (adj.) 短暂的 稍纵即逝的

transient (adj.) 短暂的 稍纵即逝的
transitory (adj.) 短暂的 稍纵即逝的
fleeting (adj.) 短暂的 稍纵即逝的