Section B (20 marks: Any 4)

1. Create a Graded Value Scale with at least five levels using pencil shading:

o To create a value scale, draw a series of vertical boxes (at least five) side by side.

o Start from the left with the lightest shade (almost white) and gradually increase the
darkness as you move to the right. Use different levels of pencil pressure to achieve
this.

o Ensure smooth transitions between the shades, using softer pencils (like 2B, 4B, or
6B) for darker values and harder pencils (like H or 2H) for lighter shades.

2. Sketch a Basic Landscape Incorporating Trees, Human Figures, and Shadows:

o Start with a simple horizon line, and create basic shapes for trees, such as ovals or
irregular shapes for the foliage, and trunk using straight lines or slightly curved.

o Sketch human figures using basic shapes like ovals for heads and rectangular or
cylindrical shapes for the body and limbs.

o Add shadows based on a light source (sun or artificial). Use soft shading for trees and
figures, and remember to extend shadows appropriately depending on the light
source direction.

3. Describe the Application of Pen and Brush in Creating Texture Including Sketch:

o Pen and brush are often used in sketching to create various textures. A pen can give
fine, detailed lines for texture, such as cross-hatching, stippling, or scribbling.

o A brush, on the other hand, creates broader, more fluid strokes, often used for
washes or bold texture effects like foliage or water.

o To show this, sketch a surface like a rock or tree bark, using short, repeated pen
strokes (cross-hatching or stippling) for detailed textures, and a brush for broader
areas like shadows or sky.

4. Create a One-Point Perspective of a Hallway Including a Door and Window:

o Begin by drawing a vanishing point in the center of your page.

o Create the walls of the hallway by drawing parallel lines that converge to the
vanishing point.

o Draw the door and window on either side of the hallway, ensuring they follow the
perspective lines (the top and bottom of each should angle toward the vanishing
point).

o Add shadows and details like light fixtures or flooring to enhance the realism of the
scene.

5. Explain the Difference Between Parallel and Angular Perspective with Sketches:
 o Parallel Perspective: This involves objects remaining parallel to the viewer's eye and
will not converge at a vanishing point. A good example is a row of tall buildings along
a street where their sides stay parallel.

o Angular Perspective: This involves objects converging towards a single or multiple

vanishing points depending on the viewpoint. A simple sketch of a road narrowing in
the distance is an example of angular perspective.

o Include two simple sketches, one showing parallel lines and the other showing
converging lines to illustrate these differences.

6. Draw and Label the Shadow Cast by a Cube on a Horizontal Plane:

o Begin by drawing a cube on the page with parallel lines.

o Place a light source above and to one side of the cube, and sketch how the shadow
would be cast on the horizontal plane.

o Label the cube, the light source, the shadow area, and the plane. Use hatching or
shading to represent the shadow’s depth and direction.

Section C (30 marks: Any 3)

1. Draw a Two-Point Perspective on an Interior Space (Residential/Commercial) Incorporating

Door, Window, and Furniture:
o Draw the two vanishing points on the horizon line. All lines should lead toward one
of these vanishing points.

o Sketch the walls and corners of the room, ensuring that vertical lines remain vertical
and horizontal lines converge toward the vanishing points.

o Add the door and window, adjusting their perspective to match the two-point grid.
Then, sketch simple furniture (like a table, chair, or couch) in the correct perspective.

o Include details like light fixtures, rugs, or paintings to give the room a sense of depth.
2. Describe the Principle of Shadow Formation on Horizontal and Vertical Planes, and Sketch
the Shadow of Geometrical Forms (Cube, Cylinder, etc.):
o Shadows on a horizontal plane are cast by the light source falling upon objects, and
the shadows will spread out on the ground based on the light's angle.

o Shadows on a vertical plane are formed when the light is blocked by an object and
the shadow extends along the vertical plane (like a wall).

o Sketch a cube and a cylinder placed on a horizontal surface. Indicate where the
shadows fall and show the angles based on the light source's position. Do the same
for a vertical plane to show the difference.

3. Discuss the Characteristics and Use of Wash Rendering in Creating Tonal Gradation and
Render a Small View Using Wash Rendering:

o Wash rendering involves applying diluted ink, watercolor, or another medium to

create soft transitions in tone. It’s typically used for atmospheric effects or subtle
shading.
 o To demonstrate wash rendering, lightly apply a wash to a small area of your sketch to
create a smooth transition between light and dark areas, such as the shadow of a
tree or an object.

o Discuss how this technique is great for creating soft shadows and textures like water,
sky, or fabric.

4. Explain the Role of Tone and Value in Perspective Rendering and Provide an Example with
Shadow Room Perspective:

o Tone and value refer to the lightness or darkness of a color or area, which helps in
creating depth and form in a perspective drawing.

o A room rendered in perspective can show depth through the use of varying tones
and values. Darker tones in the foreground or areas further away from the light
source create a sense of shadow and space.

o Draw a room with objects in it, showing how you can use light and dark tones to
define the space and cast shadows based on the light source.
By breaking down each question and following these methods, you’ll be able to approach each task
methodically and with clarity.