Radhwa International School, Yanbu
Physics Investigatory Project 2024-25
Grade: XII
To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil
depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in
series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
Submitted By- Savi Chandrakant Shitole
Submitted To- Ms. Bootul Fatima
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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
This is to certify that
Savi Chandrakant Shitole
has successfully completed the project
“To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends
by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a
resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable
frequency.”
as part of the Investigatory Project for the Year 2024-25.
The project was carried out on ______________, and all objectives have
been met in accordance with the guidelines provided.
Examiner Ms. Bootul Fatima
Physics Teacher
Ms. Mutheera Feroz
School Seal Principal
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Acknowledgement
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Mrs. Bootul Fati, our
respective Physics Teacher, for her unwavering support and guidance
throughout the course of this project. Her expertise and encouragement
have been invaluable in shaping the direction of my research.
I am also deeply thankful to Mrs. Mutheera Feroz, respective Principal
Ma’am, for her insightful feedback and constructive criticism, which
significantly contributed to the refinement of this work.
Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the support provided by Mrs.
Taghreed, respective HOI, without which this project would not have
been feasible.
Finally, I am grateful to my friends and family for their patience,
understanding, and unwavering belief in my abilities.
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Index
[Link] Title Page
No.
1 Certificate of Completion 2
2 Acknowledgement 3
3 Introduction 5
4 Aim 6
5 Apparatus Required 6
6 Theory 6
7 Procedure 7
8 Observation 10
9 Result 11
10 Precautions 11
11 Bibliography 12
Introduction
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What is Self-Inductance?
Self-inductance is a fundamental property of current-carrying coils or
conductors that responds to changes in current. It is a result of
electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces an
electromotive force (EMF) in the same conductor. When the current in
the coil varies, the magnetic field surrounding it changes accordingly,
generating a self-induced EMF. This self-induced EMF opposes the
change in current, following Lenz's Law. A coil with higher self-
inductance exhibits greater opposition to changes in current compared to
a coil with lower self-inductance.
Understanding self-inductance is crucial in electrical applications,
particularly in the design and analysis of circuits involving coils,
transformers, and inductors. In practical terms, self-inductance manifests
as a delay or inertia in the response of a circuit to changes in applied
voltage or current. This property has significant implications in
electronic devices, where precise control and manipulation of current
flow are necessary. By accounting for self-inductance, engineers can
design circuits.
AIM:
To
study
the factor on
which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of
this coil when put in series with a resistor in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
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Apparatus Required:
A coil with variable perimeters such as number of turns, core
material or coil radius
A.C. power supply with adjustable frequency
Soft Iron Rod
Connecting Wires
One-Way Key
A.C. Ammeter of suitable range rheostat
Theory:
Self-inductance is a fundamental property of current-carrying coils or
conductors that responds to changes in current. It’s formula is given
by:
Where, µr is the relative magnetic permeability of the material, µo is
the permeability of free space, N is the number of turns, A is the
cross-sectional area of the coil, and l is the length of the coil.
Hence, self-induction depends on:
1) Number of turns
2) Geometry of coil
3) Nature of core material
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Procedure:
Make all connections as per diagram:
Ensure all components are connected according to the
provided circuit diagram.
Double-check connections for accuracy and safety, making
sure all wires are secure.
Verify that the AC ammeter, variable resistor (rheostat), and
light bulb are correctly integrated into the circuit.
Switch on AC supply and adjust current using variable
resistor:
Turn on the AC power supply.
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Gradually adjust the variable resistor to set the desired
current level.
Monitor the AC ammeter to ensure the current is within the
safe operating range.
Record current in AC ammeter and bulb brightness:
Observe and note the current reading displayed on the AC
ammeter.
Assess the brightness of the light bulb and document its
intensity (e.g., dim, moderate, bright).
Insert soft iron rod into conductor core and record current
in AC ammeter:
Carefully insert the soft iron rod into the core of the
conductor.
Monitor the AC ammeter and record the new current reading
after inserting the rod.
Check bulb brightness and current decrease:
Observe any changes in the brightness of the light bulb after
inserting the iron rod.
Note whether the brightness has decreased, increased, or
remained the same.
Record any decrease in current as observed on the AC
ammeter.
Switch off supply and decrease AC source frequency:
Turn off the AC power supply to ensure safety.
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Adjust the AC source frequency to a lower setting as required
for the next set of observations.
Switch the AC power supply back on.
Adjust current at constant voltage 6V using rheostat:
Set the voltage to a constant 6V using the rheostat.
Adjust the current to the desired level while maintaining the
6V voltage.
Ensure the current is stable before proceeding.
Insert iron rod in coil core and note current and brightness
decrease:
Insert the iron rod into the coil core.
Observe and document the current reading on the AC
ammeter.
Note any changes in the brightness of the light bulb and
record the observations.
Repeat steps for different AC source frequencies:
Switch off the AC supply before changing the frequency.
Adjust the AC source to a new frequency setting.
Repeat the entire procedure, starting from adjusting the
current with the variable resistor to inserting the iron rod and
recording observations.
Perform these steps for various frequency settings to
complete the experiment
Observation:
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Least Count of Ammeter: 0.05A
Zero error of Ammeter: 0A
S. no. Frequency of Current in Current in
Applied Ammeter without Ammeter with iron
Voltage (Hz) iron rod in coil (A) rod in coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
Result:
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The self-inductance of a coil is influenced by the number of turns,
coil length, cross-sectional area, core material, and the frequency of
the AC source. Understanding these factors allows for the design and
optimization of inductors in various electrical and electronic
applications.
1. On inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at constant frequency
of applied voltage, the current in the circuit decreases, where the
brightness of the bulb also decreases.
2. The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency of
applied voltage & vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases.
Precautions:
1. The coil being used should have a large number of turns for the
experiment to work accurately.
2. Current should be passed in a small amount of time, little by
little, to avoid overheating.
3. While taking the reading of the ammeter, make sure there is no
parallax error.
Bibliography:
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1. [Link]
2. [Link]
factorsonwhichselfinductanceofcoil-2-1docx/254952453
3. [Link]
4. Physics Textbook for Class XII Part I NCERT
5. [Link]
factor-on-which-the-self-inductance-of-a-coil-d/alternating-
current/9964569
6. [Link]
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