Operations
on Functions
OOTD
At the end of this session, the students
should be able to:
1. performs addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and composition
of functions.
02
Operations
on Functions
DEFINITION
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions
a. Their sum, denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔, is the function
defined by 𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)
b. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔, is the
function defined by 𝑓 − 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔(𝑥)
DEFINITION
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions
c. Their product, denoted by 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔, is the
function
defined by 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
d. Their quotient, denoted by 𝑓ൗ𝑔, is the
function defined by 𝑓ൗ𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ൗ𝑔(𝑥),
excluding the values of 𝑥 where 𝑔 𝑥 = 0
Take a Look!
ADDITION
EXAMPLE 1
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Determine: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓+𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥
(𝑥 + 5) + (2𝑥 − 1)
𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 4
EXAMPLE 2
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Determine: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3)
𝑓+𝑔 3 =𝑓 3 +𝑔 3
(3 + 5) + (2(3) − 1)
𝑓 + 𝑔 3 = 𝟏𝟑
EXAMPLE 3
Add the given functions.
4𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 − 9
𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥 = +
𝑥+4 𝑥+4
4𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑥 − 9
𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥+4
combine like terms
4𝑥 + 2𝑥 + −1 − 9
𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥+4
𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎
=
𝑥+4
EXAMPLE 4
Add the given functions.
4 5
𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥 = +
𝑥−2 𝑥+2
4(𝑥 + 2) 5 (𝑥 − 2)
+
(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 + 2______
(𝑥 − 2)
𝑥 − 2________
4𝑥 + 8 + 5𝑥 − 10
=
𝑥+2 𝑥−2
9𝑥 − 2
=
𝑥+2 𝑥−2
Take a Look!
SUBTRACTION
EXAMPLE 5
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Determine: (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓−𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥
𝑥 + 5 − (2𝑥 − 1)
𝑥 + 5 − 2𝑥 + 1
−𝒙 + 𝟔
EXAMPLE 6
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Determine: (𝑓 − 𝑔)(3)
𝑓−𝑔 3 =𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥
3 + 5 − (2𝑥 − 1)
3 + 5 − 2(3) + 1
8−5
𝟑
Take a Look!
MULTIPLICATION
EXAMPLE 7
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Determine: (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑥 ∙𝑔 𝑥
𝑥 + 5 2𝑥 − 1
Use FOIL method:
2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Take a Look!
DIVISION
EXAMPLE 8
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
ℎ
Determine: (𝑥)
𝑔
ℎ
(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥
𝑔
2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
2𝑥 − 1
𝑥 + 5 (2𝑥 − 1)
2𝑥 − 1
𝒙+𝟓
EXAMPLE 8
Given:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
ℎ
Determine: (3)
𝑔
ℎ
(3) = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥
𝑔
3 + 5 (2(3) − 1)
2(3) − 1
40
5
𝟖
DEFINITION
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions. The
composite function, denote by
𝑓 𝑜 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 . The process of
obtaining a composite function is
called function composition.
EXAMPLE 9
Find and simplify the given composite function,
𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥 .
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑥 =𝑥+5
𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑔 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 5
𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 =3 𝑥+5 +2
𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 15 + 2
𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟕
EXAMPLE 9.1
Find and simplify the given composite
function, 𝑔 𝑜 𝑓 𝑥 .
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑥 =𝑥+5
𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑥 =𝑔 𝑓 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 3𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2 + 5
𝑔 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕
EXAMPLE 10
Find and simplify the given composite function, 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 .
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑥 = −2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 −2𝑥
𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = −2𝑥 2 − 6 −2𝑥 + 2
𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 2
EXAMPLE 10.1
Find and simplify the given composite
function,(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(2).
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑥 = −2𝑥
𝑓𝑜𝑔 2 =𝑓 𝑔 2
Evaluate g 2 :
g 2 = −2(2)
g 2 = −4
EXAMPLE 10.1
Find and simplify the given composite
function,(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(2).
Evaluate f −4 :
f −4 = −4 2 − 6 −4 + 2
f −4 = 42
Therefore:
𝑓 𝑔 2 = 42
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Given:
𝑎 𝑥 =𝑥+2 𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑥+5
𝑏 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 3 3
𝑥+5 𝑒 𝑥 =
𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑥−7
𝑥
Perform the operations below. Show your complete solution
1. 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥 6. 𝑎 + 𝑏 1
2. (𝑎 • 𝑏)(𝑥) 7. (𝑎 • 𝑏)(0)
3. 𝑑 ∘ 𝑎 𝑥 8. 𝑑 ∘ 𝑎 2
𝑒 𝑒
4. 𝑥 9. 𝑐 −2
𝑐
5. 𝑐 − 𝑒 (𝑥) 10. 𝑐 − 𝑒 (2)
