FUNCTION
MATHEMATICS
PDF 1513
BY : MDM NAJIHAH A.MANAF
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVE
• At the end of the lesson, students will
be able to :
• define a relation and represent it by
using arrow diagrams and ordered
pairs.
• define a function and represent a
function.
RELATIONS
• Definitions :
• The relation between two sets is
the correspondence between
elements of one set and elements
of the other set.
• Represents by :
• An arrow diagram
• Example :
• Let A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {6, 9,
10}.
Describe the relation ‘is the factor
of’ by using :
• an arrow diagram
• ordered pairs
• Solution :
• Arrow diagram
A ‘ is the factor of’ B
.2 .6
.3 .9
.5 . 10
• Solution :
• Ordered pairs
• Let H as the set of ordered pairs
H = {(a,b) : a is the factor of b;
a ∈ A, b ∈ B}
H = {(2,6), (2,10), (3,6), (3,9), (5,10)}
TYPE OF RELATIONS
• One to one
• One to many
• Many to one
• Many to many
• One to One (1-1)
• X ‘multiply by 2’ is Y
. 2 .4
. 3 .6
. 4 .8
. 5 . 10
• One to Many
X ‘is the father of’ Y
. Lee
. Ali . Anis
. Ah
Qi
. Lim . Aliff
• Many to One
• X ‘SPM grade was’ Y
. Kim .1
.
.2
Rama
. Wan
.3
. Siti
. Abu
• Many to Many
• Let A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {6, 9,
10}.
A ‘is the factor of’ B
.2 .6
.3 .9
.5 . 10
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
• A function is defined as a relation in
which every element in the domain
has a unique image (one and only
one) or element in the range.
• In other words, a function is one to
one relation or many to one relation.
• Mapping is another name for function.
• So A mapping of function, f from a
set A to a set is usually written as f :
x y.
• If an element x of set A is mapped
into an element y in set B, we state
that y is an image of x.
• The image of x is thus represented
by f(x) and we write y = f(x).
• Thus 2 types of function notations :
• Mapping; f:x y
• Equation; f(x) = y
• Example :
• A function, f is define as g : x 2x + 4 ,
x Є R. Find :
• g(-2)
• g(5)
• g(-u)
• the value of b if g(b)=16
• Solution :
• g(-2) = 2(-2) + 4 =0
• g(5) = 2(5) + 4 = 14
• g(-u) = 2(-u) + 4 = -2u + 4
• Solution :
• Value of b g(b) =16
g(x) = 2x + 4 g(b) = 2b + 4
2b + 4 = 16
2b= 16 – 4
= 12
b= 6
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
OBJECTIVE
• At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to :
• Define the operation of functions.
• Define composite functions (f·g)
(x) and (g·f)(x).
• Find the composite functions.
FUNCTION OPERATIONS
• Functions can be added, subtracted,
multiplied and divided.
• Consider two functions f(x) and g(x)
with Df and Dg respective, then the
operations on functions are :
• Consider f(x) = 4 – x and g(x) = 2x
+6
OPERATIONS EXAMPLE
ADDITION f(x) + g(x)
(f + g)(x) = (4 – x) + (2x + 6)
= 4 – x + 2x + 6
= 10 + x
SUBTRACTION f(x) - g(x)
(f - g)(x) = (4 – x) – (2x + 6)
= 4 – x – 2x – 6
= -2 – 3x
MULTIPLICATION f(x)·g(x)
(fg)(x) = (4 – x)(2x + 6)
= 8x + 24 – 2x 2 – 6x
= 2x + 24 – 2x2
DIVISION f(x) = 4 – x
(f / g)(x) g(x) 2x + 6
• Example 1 :
• Given that h : x ⟶ 3x + 2, x ∈ R
and
k : x ⟶ x – 4, x ∈ R.
Find the operation function on :
• (h + k)(x)
• (h – k)(x)
• (h · k)(x)
• Solution :
• (h + k)(x) = (3x + 2) + (x – 4)
= 4x – 2
• (h – k)(x) = (3x + 2) – (x – 4)
= 2x + 6
• (h · k)(x) = h(x) · k(x)
= (3x + 2) · (x – 4)
= 3x2 – 10x – 8
• (h / k)(x) = h(x)
k(x)
= 3x + 2
x–4
• Example 2 :
• Given that f(x) = x2, x ∈ R and
g(x) = 1- x2, x ∈ R.
Find the operation function on :
• (f + g)(x)
• (fg)(x)
• (f / g)(x)
• Solution :
• (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)
= x2 + 1 – x2
=1
• (f · g)(x) = f(x) · g(x)
= x2 ( 1 – x2 )
= x2 – x4
• Solution :
• (f / g)(x) = f(x)
g(x)
= x2
1 – x2
• Exercise 1 :
• Given that f(x) = -5x + 3 &
g(x) = 2 – 7x.
Find :
• g(x) + g(x)
• f(x) – g(x)
• f(x) x g(x)
• Solution :
• (g + g)(x) = g(x) + g(x)
= 2 – 7x + 2 – 7x
= 4 – 14x
• (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
= -5x + 3 – (2 – 7x)
= -5x + 3 – 2 + 7x
= 2x + 1
• Solution :
• (f x g)(x) = f(x) x g(x)
= (-5x + 3) x (2 – 7x)
= -10x + 35x2 + 6 – 21x
= 35x2 – 31x + 6
• Exercise 2 :
• Given that a(x) = 4x3 & b(x) =
-3x4.
Find :
• a(x) x b(x)
• b(x) + a(x)
• 3b(x) ÷ 2a(x)
COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
F · G AND G · F
• Definition
• Consider two functions f and g.
• Composite functions of f and g is
written as fg or f·g and is defined
as :
(f·g)(x) = f[g(x)]
• This meaning that the output
values of the function g are used as
• This can be represented in an arrow
diagram :
Ax B C f
g(x) [g(x)]
g f
COMPOSITE
f·g
FUNCTION
• Example 3 :
• If f(x) = 3x + 1 and g(x) = 2 – x,
find as a function of x
• (f · g)(x)
• (g · f)(x)
• Solution :
f(x) = 3x + 1 g(x) = 2 – x
• (f · g)(x) = f [g(x)]
= f [2 – x]
= 3 [2 – x] + 1
= 6 – 3x + 1
= 7 – 3x
• Solution :
f(x) = 3x + 1 g(x) = 2 – x
• (g · f)(x) = g [f(x)]
= g [3x + 1]
= 2 – [3x + 1]
= 2 – 3x – 1
= 1 – 3x
• Exercise 1 :
Given that functions of f and g are
f(x) = -3 + 4x and g(x) = 5 – x.
Find :
a) f(x) . g(x)
b) f(x) . f(x)
c) g(x) . f(x)
• Solution :
a) f(x) . g(x) = f [ g(x) ]
=f[5–x]
= -3 + 4(5 – x)
= -3 + 20 – 4x
= 17 – 4x
• Solution :
b) f(x) . f(x)= f [ f(x) ]
= f [-3 + 4x ]
= -3 + 4(-3 + 4x)
= -3 – 12 + 16x
= 16x – 15
• Solution :
c) g(x) . f(x) = g [ f(x) ]
= g [-3 + 4x ]
= 5 – (-3 + 4x)
= 5 + 3 – 4x
= 8 – 4x
• Exercise 2 :
Functions a and b are known as
a(x) = 10x + 4 and b(x) = -6 – 2x.
Find :
a) b(x) . a(x)
b) b(x) . b(x)
c) a(x) . b(x)
• Tutorial 3 :
1. Given f(x) = 2x and g(x) = 5 – x. Find :
a) f(4)
b) g(0)
2. Function f and g define as f(x) = 1 + 3x and
g(x) = 7x – 4. Find the operation functions of
the following :
a) f(x) – g(x)
b) f(x) x f(x)
3. Given g(x) = 2x – 2 and h(x) = 3x + 4. Find :
a) g(x) • h(x)
b) h(x) • g(x)
THANK YOU
