Probability
Q1.
Art and Business are optional subjects that students can study in a particular school.
The headteacher of the school selects a student at random.
The event that the student studies Art is represented by A
The event that the student studies Business is represented by B
It is given that P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.35 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.48
(a) Find P(A ∩ B)
(2)
(b) State with a reason whether A and B are mutually exclusive.
(1)
(c) Find the probability that the student studies Business, given that the student studies
Art.
(2)
(d) State with a reason whether A and B are independent.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q2.
(a) The events A and B have probabilities P(A) = 0.45 and P(B) = 0.32
(i) Find P(A ∪ B) if A and B are mutually exclusive.
(1)
(ii) Find P(A ∪ B) if A and B are independent.
(2)
(b) Chan and Dalila are taking part in a race. The first 10 runners who finish the race
receive a medal.
The event that Chan receives a medal is represented by C
The event that Dalila receives a medal is represented by D
It is given that P(C) = 0.65, P(D) = 0.18 and P(C ∪ D) = 0.74
Find the probability that Dalila receives a medal given that Chan receives a medal.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 1 of 3
Q3.
A sample of 50 customers is taken in a shopping centre.
2 go to both the bank and the supermarket.
20 go to the supermarket.
15 do not go to either the bank or the supermarket.
One customer from the sample is chosen at random.
(a) Event B is defined as the event that the customer goes to the bank.
Event S is defined as the event that the customer goes to the supermarket.
Explain whether or not the events B and S are independent.
(6)
(b) Find the exact probability that the customer goes to the supermarket
given that they do not go to the bank.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.
Poyntz Ltd is a company with 1000 employees.
The company has three departments: Manufacturing, Delivery and Services.
Each employee works in at least one of the departments:
650 work in Manufacturing
300 work in Delivery
100 work in Services
None of the employees working in Services also work in Manufacturing or Delivery.
(a) Describe the relationship between the event M, that an employee works in
Manufacturing, and the event S, that an employee works in Services.
(1)
(b) An employee is selected at random.
Find the probability that the employee:
(i) works in both Manufacturing and Delivery;
(3)
(ii) works in Manufacturing given that the employee works in Delivery.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 2 of 3
Q5.
Members of a sports centre have unlimited access to its facilities.
The probability of the event G, that a member uses the gym, is 0.3
The probability of the event S, that a member uses the swimming pool, is 0.8
The probability that a member uses the gym and the swimming pool is 0.25
(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected member:
(i) uses either the gym or the swimming pool
(2)
(ii) uses the gym given that the member uses the swimming pool.
(2)
(b) Explain whether or not the events G and S are independent.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q6.
Gary and his neighbour Larry work at the same place.
On any day when Gary travels to work, he uses one of three options: his car only, a bus
only or both his car and a bus. The probability that he uses his car, either on its own or
with a bus, is 0.6. The probability that he uses both his car and a bus is 0.25.
(a) Calculate the probability that, on any particular day when Gary travels to work, he:
(i) does not use his car;
(1)
(ii) uses his car only;
(2)
(iii) uses a bus.
(3)
(b) On any day, the probability that Larry travels to work with Gary is 0.9 when Gary
uses his car only, is 0.7 when Gary uses both his car and a bus, and is 0.3 when
Gary uses a bus only.
Calculate the probability that, on any particular day when Gary travels to work, Larry
travels with him.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 3 of 3
