함수의 극한과 연속

1.
2.

144
예습과 복습을 하겠다.
오답 노트를 작성하겠다.
수업 시간에 집중하겠다.
끈기 있게 노력하겠다.
1 함수의 극한

138 14 1 01
30 `°C 100 `°C 300 `°C

1
x^2&+2x-3 2
x-1 rtx+1&-rtx-1

2
1
y=x^2&-3x-4 y= +1
x-1

10
 y
y= &x-3
10`km& h x`°C
~f(x)`°C 3

6
~f(x)= x-3
5 O 5 x

y=f(x) -3

5 °C °C

5 °C
3 °C

~f(x) x ~f(x)
y y=x

~f(x)=x x
O
0 0 ~f(x) x
0
x^2
g(x)= x=0
x
y
y=`xX
xnot=0 x g(x)=x
x^2
g(x)= x O
x x
0 0 g(x)
0

11
 ~f(x) x a y y=f(x)

a ~f(x) alpha
alpha
~f(x) alpha
alpha x=a ~f(x)
O a x

ó ó&it& ó `& ~f(x)=alpha x`arr`a ~f(x)`arr`alpha

&x~arr~a

x^2
lim
x=0&`x&=0 lim
x=0&` =0
x

~f(x)=c(c x y

c y=c
c a
lim
x=a&`~f(x)=lim
x=a&`c=c
O a x

1 ~lim
x=2&`
x^2&-4
x-2

x^2&-4 y x^2-4
f(x)= xnot=2 y=
x-2 x-2
xnot=2 x^2&-4 (x&-2)(x+2)
f(x)= = =x+2 4
x-2 x-2
2
y=f(x) -2
x`arr`2 ~f(x)`arr`4 O 2 x

x^2&-4
lim
x=2&` =4
x-2
4

01
x^2&-3x+2
x=-1&
~lim (x^2&+2x+3) ~lim
x=1`
x-1

12
 ~f(x) x x
~f(x)
1 y
~f(x)= y=`x!
x
x ~f(x) 0
1
x -1
O 1 x
~f(x) 0 -1

x inf
inf는 한없이 커지는
상태를 나타내며 x`arr`inf x
수는 아니야.
x`arr`-inf inf

~f(x) x ~f(x)
alpha ~f(x) alpha
x=inf
lim`~f(x)=alpha x`arr`inf ~f(x)`arr`alpha

~f(x) x ~f(x)
beta ~f(x) beta

x=-inf&
~ó `~f(x)=beta x`arr`-inf ~f(x)`arr`beta

1 1
lim` =0 `x=-inf&
x=inf& ~ó ` =0
x x

02
1 1
x=inf&
lim` `x=-inf~^(2-
~ó Ò
2x+1 x

03 ~f(x)

x=inf&
lim~~~f(x)=-1

13
 1 y
~f(x)= x 1
|x| y=``$$$$$$
|x|
0 0 ~f(x)

O x

x 0 0
~f(x)

~f(x) x ~f(x)

1 1
~f(x)= g(x)=-
x^2 x^2

x 0 0 ~f(x)
g(x)

~f(x) x a a
~f(x) ~f(x)

lim
x=a&`~f(x)=inf x`arr`a ~f(x)`arr`inf

14
 ~f(x) x a a ~f(x)
~f(x)

lim
x=a&`~f(x)=-inf x`arr`a ~f(x)`arr`-inf

1 1
lim
x=0&` x=0&`^(- ^)=-inf
=inf lim
x^2 x^2

04
1 1
lim
x=0&`^(2+ Ò lim
x=1&`^{3- Ö
x^2 (x-1)^2

~f(x) x`arr`inf x`arr`-inf ~f(x)

x=inf&
lim`~f(x)=inf ~lim
x=inf&`~f(x)=-inf
x=-inf&
`ó `~f(x)=inf ~x=-inf&
`ó `~f(x)=-inf

~f(x)=x^2 g(x)=-x^2
x=inf&
lim`x^2=inf ~x=-inf&
`ó `x^2=inf

x=inf&
lim~(-x^2)=-inf x=-inf&
`ó (-x^2)=-inf

y y=x^2 y

O
x

O x
y=-x^2

05
~ó
x=inf&~(-3x+1)& `x=-inf&
~ó (2x^2&-x+3)

15
 y=f(x) y y=f(x)

1 x 0 0 ~f(x) 1

x
O
2 x 0 0 ~f(x)

x a a x`arr`a+
x a a
a x
x`C`a- x`C`a+ x`arr`a-

~f(x) x`arr`a+ ~f(x) y y=f(x)

alpha alpha x=a

~f(x) a

`& ó &~~f(x)=alpha b
x~arr~a+

x`arr`a+ ~f(x) arr alpha

O a x

x`arr`a- ~f(x) beta beta x=a

~f(x)
`& ó &~~f(x)=beta x`arr`a- ~f(x)`arr`beta
x~arr~a-

&(x-1)^2 (x->1) y y=f(x)

빈칸에 ~f(x)=Õ~
x^2 (x<1)
알맞은 수를 1
써넣어 보자. `x=1+&
ó ~~f(x)=`x=1+&
ó (x-1)^2=0, `x=1-&
ó ~~f(x)=`x=1-&
ó ~x^2=
O 1 x

x+1 (x->2)
06 ~~f(x)=Õ~
-2x+1 (x<2)
x=2+&~~f(x)
~ó x=2-&~~f(x)
~ó

16
 ~f(x) lim
x=a&`~f(x)=alpha~(alpha x=a ~f(x)
alpha

lim
x=a&`~f(x)=alpha NLLO x=a+&
~ó ~~f(x)=~ó
x=a-&~~f(x)=alpha

x=a ~f(x)
lim
x=a&`~f(x)

2 ~lim
x=0&`
|x|
x

x=0 y
|x|
|x| x y=``$$$$$
x
x=0+&~
~ó x=0+&~ =1
=~ó 1
x x
|x| -x
x=0-&~
~ó =~ó
x=0-&~ =-1 x
x x O
|x| -1
lim
x=0&`
x

07
|x+3| x^2&-2x+1
x=-3&
~ó ~ lim
x=1&`
x+3 |x-1|

25`kg 35`kg 5
x`kg~(25-<x<45) 35`kg 45`kg 10
~f(x)
1 y=f(x)
2 ~ó
x=35&~~f(x)

17
 ~f(x)=2x, g(x)=x

lim
x=2`~f(x)+lim
x=2`~g(x) lim
x=2`{~f(x)+g(x)}

lim
x=3`~f(x)\lim
x=3`~g(x) lim
x=3&`~f(x)g(x)

lim
x=2&`~f(x)=4 lim
x=2&`g(x)=2
lim
x=2&`~f(x)+lim
x=2&`g(x)=6 ……`
~f(x)+g(x)=3x
lim
x=2&~{~f(x)+g(x)}=6 ……`

lim
x=2&~{~f(x)+g(x)}=lim
x=2&`~f(x)+lim
x=2&`g(x)

lim
x=3&`~f(x)=6 lim
x=3&`g(x)=3
lim
x=3&`~f(x)\lim
x=3&`g(x)=18 ……`
~f(x)g(x)=2x^2
lim
x=3&`~f(x)g(x)=18 ……`

lim
x=3&`~f(x)g(x)=lim
x=3&`~f(x)\lim
x=3&`g(x)

18
 함수의 극한에
대한 성질은 극한값이 ~f(x), g(x) lim
x=a&`~f(x)=alpha, lim
x=a&`g(x)=beta~ alpha, beta
존재할 때만 성립해.
x=a&`k~f(x)=k~lim
lim x=a&`~f(x)=kalpha k
x=a&`{~f(x)+g(x)}=lim
lim x=a&`~f(x)+lim
x=a&`g(x)=alpha+beta
x=a&`{~f(x)-g(x)}=lim
lim x=a&`~f(x)-lim
x=a&`g(x)=alpha-beta
x=a&`~f(x)g(x)=lim
lim x=a&`~f(x)\lim
x=a&`g(x)=alphabeta

~f(x) lim
x=a&`~f(x) alpha
lim
x=a&` = = betanot=0
g(x) lim
x=a&`g(x) beta

x`arr`a+, x`arr`a-, x`arr`inf, x`arr`-inf

lim
x=3&~(x+2)=lim
x=3&`x+lim
x=3&`2=3+2=5

x=-1&
~lim (2x-5)=2~~lim
x=-1&~x- =2\(-1)-5=-7

lim
x=0&~(x-2)(x+3)=lim
x=0&~(x-2)\

=1&lim
x=0&`x-&lim
x=0&`221&lim
x=0&`x+&lim
x=0&`32
=(0-2)(0+3)=-6
빈칸에
알맞은 것을 &lim
x=2&~(x+8) &lim
x=2&~~x+&lim
x=2&~~8
x+8 2+8
lim
x=2&` = = = =2
써넣어 보자. 3x-1 3~&lim
x=2&~~x-&lim
x=2&~~1 3\2-1

01
lim
x=2&~(3x+2) lim
x=3&~(x^2&-2x-1)
x-1
lim
x=1&~(x-3)(x+4) x=-1&
~lim ~
x^2&-x+1

02
1 1 1 1
lim~1 +
x=inf& 2 x=-inf&
ó ~11- 211+ 2
x x+2 x-1 x+1

19
 ~f(x) ~f(x)
lim
x=a&`~f(x)=0 lim
x=a&`g(x)=0 lim
x=a&`
~g(x) ~g(x)

1
x^2&+x-2 rtx+2 &-2
lim
x=1` lim
x=2`
x-1 x-2

x^2&+x-2 (x-1)(x+2)
lim
x=1` =lim
x=1` =lim
x=1&~(x+2)=3
x-1 x-1

rtx+2 &-2 (rtx+2 &-2)(rtx+2 &+2)

lim
x=2` =lim
x=2`
x-2 (x-2)(rtx+2 &+2)
x-2
=lim
x=2`
(x-2)(rtx+2 &+2)
1 1
=lim
x=2` =
rtx+2 &+2 4
1
3
4

03
x+1 rtx+12& -4
x=-1~
~ó lim
x=4&`
x^3&+1 x-4

04

x=1 ~f(x) g(x) 0

~f(x)
x=1
g(x)

20
 ~f(x) ~f(x)
lim
x=inf&`~~f(x)=inf ~lim
x=inf&``g(x)=inf lim
x=inf&~
~g(x) ~g(x)

2 ~lim
x=inf&`
2x^2&-x+3
x^2&+x-2

x^2
1 3
2- +
2x^2&-x+3 x x^2 2
x=inf&
lim~ =lim
x=inf&~ = =2
x^2&+x-2 1 2 1
1+ -
x x^2

05
2x+1 x^2&+x+5
x=inf&
lim~ x=inf&
lim~
3x-2 2x^2&-3x+1

3x^n&-1
~f(x)= x=inf&
lim~~f(x)
x^2&+1
n n x=inf&
lim~~f(x)

limx=inf& f(x) ~f(x)

.

21
 ~f(x)
~f(x) g(x) lim
x=a&` =alpha~(alpha lim
x=a`g(x)=0
~g(x)

~f(x)
lim
x=a`~f(x)=lim
x=a&~Õ ~\~g(x)Ö
~g(x)
~f(x)
=lim
x=a&` ~\~lim
x=a&`g(x)
~g(x)
=alpha\0=0

lim
x=a`~f(x)=0

3 lim
x=2&`
2x^2&+ax+b
x-2
=3 a, b

2x^2&+ax+b
lim
x=2&` =3 lim
x=2&~(x-2)=0 lim
x=2&~(2x^2&+ax+b)=0
x-2
~f(x) 8+2a+b=0 b=-2a-8 cc`
극한값 limx=a~ 가
g(x)
2x^2&+ax+b
존재할 때, (분모)`arr`0 lim
x=2&`
x-2
이면 (분자)`arr`0이야.
2x^2&+ax-2a-8 (x-2)(2x+a+4)
lim
x=2&` =lim
x=2&`
x-2 x-2
=lim
x=2&~(2x+a+4)=a+8
a+8=3 a=-5
a=-5 b=2

a=-5 b=2

06 a, b
b a a, b

`x=-1& x^2&-ax-b
lim ~ =-3
x+1

rtx+a& -b 1
lim
x=3&` =
x-3 2

22
 ó
x=2&`~f(x)=1, ó
x=2`g(x)=1
y y=g(x)
y=f(x), y=g(x)
1 x ~f(x)-<h(x)-<g(x)
y=h(x)
1

2 1 y=h(x) O 2 x
lim
x=2&`h(x)

y=f(x)

x y y=g(x) y=h(x)

~f(x)-<h(x)-<g(x)
y=h(x)
1

O 2 x

lim
x=2`h(x)=1
y=f(x)

~f(x), g(x) lim

x=a&`~f(x)=alpha, lim
x=a&`g(x)=beta~ ~alpha, beta a
a x
~f(x)-<g(x) alpha-<beta
h(x) ~f(x)-<h(x)-<g(x) alpha=beta
lim
x=a&`h(x)=alpha

x`arr`a+, x`arr`a-, x`arr`inf, x`arr`-inf

~f(x)<h(x)<g(x) ~f(x)-<h(x)-<g(x) a a
x ~f(x)<h(x)<g(x) lim
x=a&`~f(x)=lim
x=a&`g(x)=alpha
lim
x=a&`h(x)=alpha

23
 4 ~f(x) x
-x^2&+2x-3-<~f(x)-<x^2&-2x-1
~lim
x=1&`~f(x)

lim
x=1&`(-x^2&+2x-3)=-2
lim
x=1&`(x^2&-2x-1)=-2

x=1&`~f(x)=-2
lim

-2

|x| |x|
07 |x|<2
x-2
-<~f(x)-<
x+2
~f(x)

lim
x=0&`~f(x)

1 2
~f(x)= , g(x)=
x x

x limx=inf~~f(x)<limx=inf~g(x)
……
~f(x)<g(x)

24
 I

161

lim
x=a& f(x)=alpha NLO x=a+&
~ó f(x)=~ó
x=a-& f(x)=alpha
1 x=a ~f(x)
lim
x=a& f(x)
lim
x=a& f(x)=alpha lim
x=a&`g(x)=beta~ alpha beta
lim
x=a&`kf(x)=k~lim
x=a&& f(x)=kalpha k
lim
x=a&~{~f(x)+g(x)}=lim
x=a& f(x)+lim
x=a&`g(x)=alpha+beta
2 ~f(x)=c~ c
lim
x=a&~{~f(x)-g(x)}=lim
x=a& f(x)-lim
x=a&`g(x)=alpha-beta lim
x=a& ~f(x)
lim
x=a f(x)g(x)=lim
x=a& f(x)\lim
x=a&`g(x)=alphabeta

~f(x) lim
x=a& f(x) alpha
lim
x=a&` = = betanot=0
x=a&`g(x) beta
g(x) lim 3 x`arr`inf
x`arr`-inf

lim
x=a& f(x)=alpha lim
x=a&`g(x)=beta~ alpha beta a a
x ~f(x)
4 ~f(x) lim
x=1&` =3
~f(x)-<g(x) alpha-<beta x-1
~f(x)-<h(x)-<g(x) alpha=beta lim
x=a&`h(x)=alpha lim
x=1& f(x)=0

x-2 (x->1)
3 ~f(x)=Õ~
-x+3 (x<1)
1
1 x=1+&
~ó f(x) x=1-&
~ó f(x)
lim
x=2&~~(2x^2&-x) xó
=inf& &~11- 2
x

4 ~f(x) x
2 3
2- <f(x)<2+
7
x x
2
lim
x=1&` `x=-inf&
ó (2x+1) x=inf
lim f(x)
|x-1|

25
 8
x^2&+x-2
x^2&-2x-3 ~lim
x=1& ~
5 lim
x=3&`
|x-3|
x^2&-x
1 x^2 1
x=-1&
~lim ~ ~1 + 2
x+1 x-1 2
rtx&-5
~lim
x=25`
x-25
x+3
x=-3&
~lim ~
rtx+4 &-1

x^2&-3x+4 (x->2)
6 ~f(x)=Õ
-2x+k (x<2)
lim
x=2& f(x) k
9
x+1
x=-inf&
~ó ~
|x|-2
-3x^2&+2x-1
xó
=inf&~
x^2&-5

7 ~f(x) g(x) lim

x=1& f(x)=alpha
lim
x=1&`g(x)=beta
lim
x=1&~{~f(x)+g(x)}=1 10 ~f(x) g(x)
~f(x) ~g(x)
lim
x=1&~~~f(x)g(x)=-2 lim
x=0&` =1 lim
x=0&` =2
x^2 x
~f(x)+2 ~f(x)+x
lim
x=1&` lim
x=0&`
2g(x)+4 g(x)-x
alpha>beta

26
11 ~f(x) lim
x=9& f(x)=2
(x-9)f(x)
lim
x=9&`
rtx&-3 14 y=x^2
P P O
y Q
P y=x^2 O
Q (0 a)
a
y y=x^2

12 a b
P
Q
2x+a x-2
lim
x=1&` =b
x-1
x^2&-ax+b O x
lim
x=2&` =1
x-2

13 ~f(x) g(x)
x^2&-a^2 a
15 ~f(x)
~f(x)= ~g(x)= ~f(x) ~f(x)
x-a bx+1 x=inf&
lim~ =2
x^2&+4x+3
x-1
a b lim
x=1&~&~ =-1
~f(x)
~f(x)
lim
x=a&`~f(x)=6

x=inf&
limx=inf&
lim
`g(x)=3
`g(x)=3

27
 x^2&-1 1
1 x=inf&
lim~ =
2x^2&+1 2
x^2&-1
y=
2x^2&+1
Enter

1
y=
2
Enter

x^2&-1 1
x
2x^2&+1 2

2
-2x^2&+x-3 5x-1
x=inf&
lim~ x=inf&
lim~&
x^2&-1 x^2&+2

28
과학! 수학과
하다
시간이 한없이 느려지는
곳이 있을까?

Einstein A. 1879 1955 1916

1960
Pound,`R 1919 2010 Rebka,`G 1931

R
(event horizon)

29
2 함수의 연속

100 0 74`°C
40 10`

1
x+5
y= y=rtx- & +2
x-1

2
y=3x^2&-1 (-1-<x-<2) y=-x^2&+2x+5 (2-<x-<4)

30
 y=f(x), y=g(x), y=h(x)

y y=f(x) y y=g(x) y y=h(x)

1 1 1

O 1 x O 1 x O 1 x

1 x=1

2 x=1

3 x=1

~f(x) ~f(1)=1 x=1

lim
x=1&~~~f(x)=1 x=1
lim
x=1&~~~f(x)=f(1) x=1
y=f(x) x=1

g(x) x=1
h(x) h(1)=2 x=1 x=1+h(x)=2
~ó
x=1-h(x)=1
~ó x=1
y=g(x) y=h(x) x=1

31
 ~f(x) a

~f(x) x=a
lim
x=a&`~f(x)
lim
x=a&`~f(x)=f(a)

~f(x) x=a
~f(x) x=a ~f(x) x=a
~f(x)
~f(x) x=a

1 x=2
x+1 (x->2)
~f(x)=x^2&-3x g(x)=Õ
x (x<2)

~f(2)=-2 ~f(x) x=2 y y=f(x)

lim
x=2&`(x^2&-3x)=-2 lim
x=2`~f(x)

lim
x=2&`~f(x)=f(2)=-2 2
O 3 x
~f(x) x=2 -2

g(2)=3 g(x) x=2 y y=g(x)

x=2+&
~ó (x+1)=3 x=2-&
~ó ~x=2 lim
x=2&`~g(x) 3
2

g(x) x=2 O 2 x

01 ,\ ~f(x) x=0

~f(0) lim
x=0&`~f(x) lim
x=0&`~f(x)=f(0)

~f(x)=x+2 \ \ \

x^2 (xnot=0)
~f(x)=Õ \ \ \
1 (x=0)

32
 a b~(a<b) a (a, b) b

{x|a<x<b} {x|a-<x-<b} a [a, b] b

{x|a<x-<b} {x|a-<x<b}
a (a, b] b

(a b) [a b] (a b] [a b) a [a, b) b

(a b) [a b] (a b] [a b)

(a, inf), ( inf, ), a a (a, z)

( inf, inf)
간이야. {x|x>a} {x|x->a} a [a, z)
{x|x<a} {x|x-<a}
(-z, a) a

(a inf) [a inf) (-inf a) (-inf a] (-z, a] a

(-inf inf)

빈칸에
알맞은 수를
써넣어 보자.
~f(x)=rt1- ~ {x|x-<1} (-inf, ]

02
1
~f(x)= ~f(x)=rtx+
x

f(x) x f(x)

[a b] ~f(x) (a b)
~~ó
x=a+&`f(x)=f(a) ~~ó
x= -&`f(x)=f(b)

~f(x) [a b]

33
 빈칸에 ~f(x)=x^2&+1 (-inf, inf)
알맞은 수를 ~f(x)=rtx-1~ (1, inf) x=1+&
~ó ~rtx-1=f(1)=0
써넣어 보자.
[ , inf)

03
1
~f(x)= ~f(x)=rt2-
x-1

2 ~f(x)= ~
x^2&-2x+a
x-1
(xnot=1)
x a, b
b+1 (x=1)

f(x) x x=1
x^2&-2x+a
lim
x=1&`~f(x)=f(1) lim
x=1&` =b+1 cc`
x-1
x^2&-2x+a
lim
x=1&` lim
x=1&~(x-1)=0
x-1
lim
x=1&~(x^2&-2x+a)=0
1-2+a=0 a=1
a=1
x^2&-2x+1 (x-1)^2
lim
x=1&` =lim
x=1&` =lim
x=1&~(x-1)=0
x-1 x-1
0=b+1 b=-1

a=1 b=-1

x^2&-ax+3
(xnot=3)
04 ~f(x)= ~ x-3 x a, b
b (x=3)

34
 x=0 ~f(x)=x^2, g(x)=2x+1
~f(x)+g(x) x=0

~f(x) (x) lim

x=0&~{~f(x)+g(x)} ~f( ) ( )
x=0

lim
x=0&~{ f(x)+g(x)}=f(0)+g(0)=1
~f(x)+g(x) x=0

~f(x) g(x) x=a

lim
x=a&`~f(x)=f(a) lim
x=a&`g(x)=g(a)

lim
x=a&`kf(x)=k~lim
x=a&`~f(x)=kf(a) k
lim
x=a&~{~f(x)+g(x)}=lim
x=a&`~f(x)+lim
x=a&`g(x)=f(a)+g(a)
lim
x=a&~{~f(x)-g(x)}=lim
x=a&`~f(x)-lim
x=a&`g(x)=f(a)-g(a)
lim
x=a&`~f(x)g(x)=lim
x=a&`~f(x)\lim
x=a&`g(x)=f(a)g(a)

~f(x) lim
x=a&`~f(x) ~f(a)
lim
x=a&` = = g(a)not=0)
g(x) lim
x=a&`g(x) g(a)
~f(x)
kf(x) ~f(x)+g(x) ~f(x)-g(x) ~f(x)g(x)
g(x)
x=a

35
 ~f(x), g(x) x=a x=a
kf(x) k ~f(x)+g(x) ~f(x)-g(x)
~f(x)
~f(x)g(x) g(a)not=0
g(x)

~f(x) g(x)

y=x x

f(x)=a &x^n&+a &x^n &+`…`+a &x&+a (a a … a

x
~f(x)
f(x) g(x)
g(x)
g(x)not=0 x

1 ~f(x)=x+3, g(x)=x^2&-x
~f(x)
g(x)

~f(x) g(x) x
~f(x) x+3
= x^2&-xnot=0 xnot=0 xnot=1
g(x) x^2&-x
x

xnot=0 xnot=1 x

01 ~f(x)=x+2, g(x)=x^2&-1
~f(x)
~f(x)+g(x)
g(x)

36
 [-2 1] f(x)=x^2 x=-2
4 x=0 0
(-2 1) ~f(x) x=0
0
y y=x^2 y y=x^2

4 4

1 1

-2 O 1 x -2 O 1 x

~f(x) [a, b] ~f(x)

O a b x

1 y
~f(x)= x [1, 2] x=1 y=`x!
빈칸에 1
x=2 1
알맞은 수를 2
써넣어 보자. O 1 2 x

02

~f(x)=x^2&-2x+4 [-1 2]
4
~f(x)= [0 3]
x+1

37
 250`m
100`m

~f(x) [a b] y
y=f(x)

~f(a)not= f(b) f(b)

f(a) ~f(b) k
k y=k
y=k y=f(x)
f(a)

f(a) ~f(b) k O a c c b x

f( )=k c (a b)

~f(x) [a, b] ~f(a)not=f(b) ~f(a) ~f(b)

k
Bolzano B P J N f( )=k
1781 1848 c (a, b)

~f(x) y y=f(x)

[a b] f(a) f(b) f(b)

f( )=0 c
a
(a b) O c c b x

~f(x)=0 (a b) f(a)

38
2 x^3&-x+3=0 (-2, 1)

~f(x)=x^3&-x+3 ~f(x) [-2 1]

f(-2)=-3<0 f(1)=3>0
f( )=0 c (-2 1)
x^3&-x+3=0 (-2 1)

03 x &+2x-1=0 (0, 1)

04
~f(x) [a b] ~f( ) ~f( )
~f(x) (a )

9 3
9
3

39
 ~f(x) a
~f(x) x=a 1 ~f(x) g(x) x=1
lim
x=a& f(x) ~f(x)
x=1
lim
x=a& f(x)=f(a) g(x)
~f(x) x=a

1
~f(x) [a b] ~f(x) 2 ~f(x)= [-1 1]
x

~f(x) [a b] ~f(a)not=f(b) ~f(a) 3 ~f(x) [a b]

~f(b) k ~f(a)f(b)<0
~f( )=k ~f(x)=0 (a b)
c (a b)

3 ~f(x)=x-1 g(x)=x^2&-x-2
~f(x)
1 x=2 ~g(x)

1
~f(x)=
x+2
x+3 (xnot=2)
~f(x)=^{~
-1 (x=2)

2 4
~f(x)=x^2&+3x+2
~f(x)=-x^2&+4x-3 [-2 4]
3
~f(x)=
x-2 ~f(x)=rtx+1& [0 3]

40
 I

162

8
2x-1 (x->1)
~f(x)=^{~
x^3&-a -x+3 (x<1)
(xnot=2)
5 Õ
~f(x)= x-2 x=2
g(x)=x+k
b (x=2)
~f(x)g(x) x=1
a b
k

6 x->1 x ~f(x) 9 ~f(x)=x^2&-4 g(x)=x^2&+2x+3

x
(x-2)f(x)=rtx-1& -1
~f(2)

~f(x)+g(x) ~f(x)g(x)

~f(x) 1
~g(x) ~~f(x)-g(x)

7 x ~f(x)
(x-a)f(x)=x^2&+2x+1
a ~f(a)

41
10 x^3& + 2x^2& - 3x-10=0
(-1 3)
ax+b (|x|->3)
13 Õ
~f(x)= |x|-3
(|x|<3)
9-x^2&
x a b

11 ~f(x)
~f(-2)=-1 ~f(-1)=1~ 14 x ~f(x)
f(0)=-3 ~f(1)=-2 ~f(2)=2 (x^2&-1)f(x)=ax^3&+bx^2&-ax-b
~f(x)=0 ~f(-1)=1 f(1)=2
(-2 2) a b

15 a<b<c a b c

(x-a)(x-b)+(x-b)(x- )
12 x^2&-4x+a=0 (-2 1) +(x- )(x-a)=0
a alpha beta~(alpha<beta)
a<alpha<b<beta<

42
 y x=t
8
R x=t (1-< -<6) R
7
x=t ~f( ) 6
5
예를 어 ~f( )는 다 4 R
의 한 분의 이야. 3
y x=4 2
1

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
O 4 x

1 ~f( )

2 x=t R

3 R 12

43
1 ~f(x) g(x) 4 y=x+1
lim
x=2& f(x)=1 lim
x=2&`g(x)=2 A(-1 0) P(t +1) P
y=x+1 y
lim
x=2&~{3f(x)-2g(x)} ~^2
Q lim
=inf&~~
~& ^2

y y=x+1

Q
2 P
1
2x^2&-x-1 A
lim
x=1&` =3 -1 O x
x-1

2-24-xx 1
lim
x=0&` =
x 4

3x^2&-4x+3
x=inf&
lim~ =3
x^2&+1
5 ~f(x) g(x)

x+2 a
~lim
x=inf&~ =1
x^2&-1
lim
x=a& f(x) lim
x=a&`g(x)
~f(x)
lim
x=a&`
g(x)
lim
x=a& f(x) lim
x=a&~~{~f(x)+g(x)}

~f(x) lim
x=a&`g(x)
3
(x+1)f(x) lim
x=a& f(x) lim
x=a& f(x)g(x)
x=-1&
~lim~ =3
x^2&-1 lim
x=a&`g(x)
~f(-1)
-6 -3 1
3 6

44
 I

163

6 x=1
~f(x)=x-1 ~f(x)=rtx+1 9 14
1 1
~f(x)= ~f(x)=
x+1 x^2&-x
1x&+az -b 1
2x-1 (x->1) 9 lim
x=2&` =
~f(x)=^{ x-2 6
x (x<1) a b
b a
a b

3x^3&-6x^2&-x+2
(xnot=2)
7 ~f(x)= x-2
k (x=2)
x k

10 ~f(x) g(x)
x=inf&
lim`g(x)=inf
x=inf&
lim{~f(x)-3g(x)}=1

8 y=f(x) y=g(x)
2f(x)+g(x)
~x=inf&
lim~
-3f(x)+2g(x)

y y
y=f(x) 1 1 y=g(x)

-1 O 1 x -1 O 1 x
-1 -1

`x=-1&
lim {~f(x)+g(x)}=0 11 ~f(x) x
~f(x)-g(x) x=-1 -x^2&+x-<~f(x)-<x^2&+x
{~f(x)}^2
x=0+&
lim ~
x{2x+f(x)}
~f(x)g(x) x=1

45
12 x ~f(x) 14 y=f(x)
(x-3)f(x)=2x^2&+ax-b (-1 0) (0 -2) (1 2) (2 1)
~f(4)=9 ~f(3) ~f(x)=x (-1 2)
a b

13 [0 4] ~f(x)
1-xt
~f(x)=~lim
=-inf&~ (x-2)
1+t

~f(x)
~f(x)

자기 평가

이해가 한 분은
내 을 복습
가 하면
수

46
! 수학과
다

만 를 작하 나
기를 이 해 을 하
는 만 를 작하는 을 모 작자 해 .
작하 나 기를 모 작자가 하는 을
이 하는 을 하 어 . 자 해 게 .
어 업이 있을

3 2 3
3 3

3 3

47
I 148

II 152

III 156
 I

1 -x^2&+3x+k (x->1)
4 ~f(x)=Õ~
lim
x=1&~(2x+3)=5 5x-2k (x<1)
lim
x=1& `f(x) k
1
lim
x=3&`13- 2=2
x-2
x=inf&
lim(x^2&+2)=inf
x=-inf(1-x)=-inf
ó
1
x=inf&
lim~ =0
x&+1

5 2 n
x ^2&+x
lim
x= `& =k k
[x]
[x] x
2 y=f(x)
lim
x=1& ~f(x)+~ó
x=2+& f(x)

2
y=f(x)
1

O 1 2 x
2x^2&&-3x-9
6 lim
x=3&`
x^2&-9
1 2 3 1 2
1
6 3
4 5
3 5
2 3

x^2&-3x-4
3 ~f(x)=
|x+1|
x^2&+2x-1&
lim f(x) lim f(x) 7 xó
=inf&~
3x-2

148
 178

ax+3 x^2&-ax+b
8 x=-inf&
`ó ~ =2a+1 a 11 lim
x=2&` =3 a+b
x+1 x^2&-3x+2
a b
-1 0 1
2 3

~f(x-2)
9 ~f(x) lim
x=2&` 0
x-2 ~f(x) g(x)
12
3f(x)+x^2 ~f(x)=xg(x)-x
lim
x=0&`
~f(x)-x^2
g(x)-3x
lim
x=1&` =2
x-1
-3 -2 1 lim
x=1 ~f(x)g(x)
2 3

13 ~f(x)
~f(x)-x^3
10 A(0 t)(t>0) x=inf&
lim~ =1
x^2
B(-1 0) x^2&+y^2&=1 ~f(x)
B P x=-1&
lim ` =4
x+1
P x H ~f(x)
lim
=inf&~ ( \ )

y
A
P 1
x^2+y^2=1

14 ~f(x) x
B
-1 H O 1 x 2x^2&-1-<(x^2&+1)f(x)-<2x^2&
x=inf&
lim f(x)
-1

149
 I

15 x=3 x^3&+ax-b
(xnot=-1)
18 ~f(x)= ~ (x+1)^2
c (x=-1)
x a b c
~f(x)=x+3
~f(x)=(x+2)(x-3)
1
~f(x)=
x-3
~f(x)=|x-3|

19 [1 4 ~f(x)=[x-2]
x [x] x

1 2 3
rtx+ & -3 4 5
(x>1)
16 ~f(x)= ~ x-1 x=1
a (x-<1)
a
1 1 1
6 3 2
1 2
20
-1 (|x|->1)
~f(x)=Õ~
1 (|x|<1)
1 (|x|->1)
g(x)=Õ~
-x (|x|<1)

17 x ~f(x)
(x^2&-4)f(x)=x^3&+ax+b
`x=-1&
lim f(x)g(x)=-1
~f(-2)+f(2)
a b ~f(x)+g(x) x=-1

-2 -1 0
~f(x)g(x) x=1
1 2

150
21 ~f(x) 24 2x^3&+3x^2&-x-1=0

g(x)=x^3&+ax^2&+bx+1
g(~f(x)) x (-2 -1) (-1 0)
a b (0 1) (1 2)
y y=f(x)

O 1 x

25 ~f(x) x
~f(x)=f(-x)
~f(1)f(2)<0 ~f(3)f(4)<0
22 a ~f(x)=0
{x|x^2&+2(a-2)x+a-2=0 x }
~f(a) ~f(a)
a
4 5 6
7 8

26
x(x-1)(x-2)+x(x-1)
23 [-1 1]
+x(x-2)+(x-1)(x-2)=0
3
~f(x)=
|x-2|

151
미분
1.
2.

144
오답 노트를 작성하겠다.
과제를 열심히 하겠다.
수업 시간에 집중하겠다.
끈기 있게 노력하겠다.
1 미분계수와 도함수

1
x^2&-1
lim
x=1&~(x+1) x=-1&
~lim ~
x+1

x^2&
(xnot=0)
2 ~f(x)=^^{~ x x=0
0 (x=0)

50
 4 5 6 7 8
lg m^3 32 34 37 39 42

4 8 lg m^3

4 32`lg m^3
8 42`lg m^3 4
`lg m^3

~ `lg m^3

y=f(x) x a b y
y=f(x)

y ~f(a) ~f(b) B
f(b)
x b-a x y
Dy
f(b)-f(a) y A
f(a)
Dx
O a b x
DELTA Difference DELTAx DELTAy
D
d&elta
DELTAx=b-a
DELTAy=f(b)-f(a)=f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)

51
 x DELTAx y DELTAy
DELTAy ~f(b)-f(a) ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
= =
DELTAx b-a DELTAx
x a b y=f(x)
A(a f(a)) B(b f(b))

~y=f(x) x a b
DELTAy ~f(b)-f(a) ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
= =
DELTAx b-a DELTAx

1 ~f(x)=x^2&+1 x
0 1 a a+DELTAx

DELTAy ~f(1)-f(0) 2-1

= = =1
DELTAx 1-0 1
DELTAy ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a) {(a+DELTAx)^2&+1}-(a^2&+1)
= =
DELTAx DELTAx DELTAx
2aDELTAx+(DELTAx)^2
= =2a+DELTAx
DELTAx
1 2a+DELTAx

01 ~f(x)=x^2&-x x
1 4 2 2+DELTAx

02 r cm
v(r) cm& s
1 1 1
v(r)=Ñ -r^)r^2 Ñ -<r-< ^)
2 4 2
1 1
r v(r)
3 2

52
 y=f(x) x a a+DELTAx
DELTAy ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
=
DELTAx DELTAx

DELTAx`arr`0
DELTAy ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
DELTAó
x=0&` =~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx DELTAx
y=f(x) x=a
y=f(x) x=a

~f~ '(a) f~'(a)

~f prime a

~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
~f~'(a)=~ó
DELTAx=0&` a+DELTAx=x DELTAx=x-a
DELTAx
DELTAx`arr`0 x`arr`a
~f(x)-f(a)
~f~'(a)=lim
x=a&`
x-a

~y=f(x) x=a
DELTAy
f~'(a)=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx
~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx
~f(x)-f(a)
=lim
x=a&`
x-a

y=f(x) x y=f(x)
Newton, I. 1642
1727
y=f(x) x
y=f(x)

53
 2 ~f(x)=2x^2&-1 x=1

~f(1+DELTAx)-f(1) {2(1+DELTAx)^2&-1}-(2\1^2&-1)
~f~'(1)=~ó
DELTAx=0&` =~ó DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx DELTAx
~4DELTAx+2(DELTAx)^2
=~ó
DELTAx=0&` =~ó
DELTAx=0&~(4+2DELTAx)=4
DELTAx

~f(x)-f(1) (2x^2&-1)-(2\1^2&-1)
~f~'(1)=ó
x=1` =ó
x=1`
x-1 x-1
2(x-1)(x+1)
=ó
x=1` =ó x=1`2(x+1)=4
x-1
4

03 x=-1
~f(x)=3x+1 ~f(x)=-x^2&+5x

~f(a+2DELTAx)-f(a)
04 ~f(x) x=a x=0&~
DELTA~ó
DELTAx
~f~'(a)
2DELTAx=t
DELTAx arr 0 t arr 0
~f(a+2DELTAx)-f(a) ~f(a+2DELTAx)-f(a) ~f(a+2DELTAx)-f(a)
~ó
DELTAx=0&~ ~ó
DELTAx=0&~ =~ó
DELTAx=0&~ \ ~
2DELTAx DELTAx 2DELTAx
~f(a+t)-f(a)
=lim t=0&
t = `~f~'(a)
=f~'(a)

05 24`m s t
s(t)`m
s(t)=24t-0.8t^2 (0-<t-<30)
t=5

54
 y=x^2 y=2x-1 A(1, 1) y=x^2
P(a, a^2) y=x^2 A(1, 1)
AP a 1
AP

P AP
x
2 3
1.6 2.6
1.2 2.2
1.01 2.01
1.001 2.001
1.0001 2.0001

a 1 AP
2

~f(x) x a a+DELTAx y y=f(x)

Q
f(a+Dx)
DELTAy ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
=
DELTAx DELTAx Dy
P
f(a)
Dx
y=f(x) x
O a a+Dx
P(a f(a)) Q(a+DELTAx f(a+DELTAx))
함수 y=f(x)는 PQ
x=a에서 미분가능하므로
DELTAy
x=0&`
DELTA~ó 의 값이
DELTAx y
P DELTAx`arr`0 y=f(x)
존재해.
Q y=f(x) P Q
f(a+Dx)
PQ P
l
DELTAy
`DELTAó
x=0&` l P
DELTAx f(a)

O a a+Dx x

55
 l y=f(x) P P

y=f(x) x=a
DELTAy ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a)
f~'(a)=~ó
DELTAx=0` =~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx DELTAx
y=f(x) P(a f(a)) l

~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a) y=f(x) (a, ~f(a))

3 ~y=x^2&+x (1, 2)

~f(x)=x^2&+x ~f(x) x=1 ~f~'(1)

~f(1+DELTAx)-f(1)
~f~'(1)=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx
{(1+DELTAx)^2&+(1+DELTAx)}&-(1^2&+1)&
=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx
~3DELTAx+(DELTAx)^2
=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx
=~ó
DELTAx=0&~(3+DELTAx)
=3

06
y=2x^2&-x+3 (1 4) y=x^3&-4x+2 (-1 5)

56
 1 (x->0)
~f(x)=x^2, ~g(x)=Õ~
-1 (x<0)

y y=f(x) y
y=g(x)
1

O x

-1
O x

1 x=0
2 x=0

~f(x) x=0

~f(x) x=a
~f(x)-f(a)
f~'(a)=lim
x=a&`
x-a

~f(x)-f(a)
lim
x=a&~{~f(x)-f(a)}=lim
x=a&~Õ \(x-a)^}
x-a
~f(x)-f(a)
=lim
x=a&` \lim
x=a&~(x-a)
x-a
=f~'(a)\0=0

lim
x=a&`~f(x)=f(a)
~f(x) x=a

~f(x) x=a ~f(x) x=a

57
 x=a
~f(x) x=a

4 ~f(x)=|x| x=0

~f(0)=0 x=0&`~f(x)=lim
lim x=0&~|x|=0
x=0&`~f(x)=~f(0)
lim
~f(x) x=0
y
y=|x|
~f(x)-f(0) |x| x
x=0+&~
~ó =~ó
x=0+&~ =~ó
x=0+&~ =1
x-0 x x
~f(x)-f(0) |x| ~-x
x=0-&~
~ó =~ó
x=0-&~ =~ó
x=0-&~ =-1
x-0 x x O x
~f(x)-f(0)
~f~'(0)=~ó
x=0&`~ ~f(x) x=0
x-0

~f(x)=|x| x=0

07 ~f(x)=|x^2&-1| x=1

(x->2)
~f(x)=^^{~ x=2
`(x<2)

58
 y=x^n~ ~n

~f(x)=x^2
1 ~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a)
2 ~f~'(a)

a … -1 0 1 2 …
~f~'(a) … -2 …

3 a ~f~'(a)

~f(x)=x^2 x=a ~f~'(a)

~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a) (a+DELTAx)^2&-a^2
~f~'(a)=~ó
DELTAx=0&` =~ó
DELTAx=0&` =2a
DELTAx DELTAx
~f~'(0)=0 ~f~'(1)=2 ~f~'(2)=4
~f(x)=x^2 a ~f~'(a)
a ~f~'(a)

~f(x) X X
f'
R
x ~f~'(x)
x `f'(x)

~f~' X`@>B`R
~f(x+DELTAx)-f(x)
~f~'(x)=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx

~f~'(x) ~f(x)
dy dy d
y x
dx ~f~'(x) y' `f(x)
dx dx

59
 ~f(x)
~f(x+DELTAx)-f(x)
f~'(x)=~ó
DELTAx=0&`
DELTAx

DELTAx h ~f~'(x)
~f(x+h)-f(x)
f~'(x)=lim
h=0&`
h

~f(x) ~f~'(x) ~f(x) x

~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a) ~f~'(x) x=a

1 ~f(x)=x^2&+3x

~f(x+h)-f(x)
~f~'(x)=lim
h=0&`
h
{(x+h)^2&+3(x+h)}-(x^2&+3x)
=lim
h=0&`
h
(2x+3)h+h^2
=lim
h=0&`
h
=lim
h=0&~(2x+3+h)
=2x+3

~f~'(x)=2x+3

01
~f(x)=-x+5 ~f(x)=3x^2&+x+1

60
 ~f(x)=x^n~ n ~f(x)=c~ c

~f(x)=x^n(n->2
~f(x+h)-f(x) (x+h)^n&-x^n
~f~'(x)=lim
h=0&` =lim
h=0&`
h h

a^n&-b^n
{(x+h)-x}{(x+h)^n-1&+(x+h)^n-^2&x+`…`+x^n-1}
=lim
h=0&`
=(a-b)(a^n-1&+a^n-^2&b h
+`…`+ab^n-^2&+b^n-1&) h=0&~{(x+h)^n-1&+(x+h)^n-^2&x+`…`+x^n-1&}
=lim

=x^n-1&+x^n-1&+`…`+x^n-1&=nx^n-1&

k
n

~f(x)=x
~f(x+h)-f(x) (x+h)&-x
~f~'(x)=lim
h=0&` =lim
h=0&` =1
h h

~f(x)=c(c
~f(x+h)-f(x) c-c
f~'(x)=lim
h=0&` =lim
h=0&` =0
h h

~f(x)=c~ c ~f(x)=x^n~ n
~f(x)=c~ c f~'(x)=0
~f(x)=x f~'(x)=1
(x^n)'=nx^n-1 ~f(x)=x^n~ n->2 f~'(x)=nx^n-1

빈칸에
알맞은 것을 y=5 y~'=0
써넣어 보자.
y=x^3 y~'= x^3-1=

02
y=125 y=x y=x^2 y=x^5

` ` `

y '=1 y '=2x y '=5x^4 y '=0

61
 ~f(x)=x^2, g(x)=2x

{~f(x)+g(x)}' ~f~'(x)+g~'(x)

~f(x) g(x)

kf(x+h)-kf(x)
{kf(x)}'=lim
h=0&`
h
k{~f(x+h)-f(x)}
=lim
h=0&`
h
~f(x+h)-f(x)
=k\limh=0&`
h
=kf~'(x) k

{~f(x+h)+g(x+h)}-{~f(x)+g(x)}
{~f(x)+g(x)}'=lim
h=0&`
h
~f(x+h)-f(x) g(x+h)-g(x)
=lim
h=0&`Õ + ^}
h h
~f(x+h)-f(x) g(x+h)-g(x)
=lim
h=0&` +lim
h=0&`
h h
=f~'(x)+g '(x)

{~f(x)-g(x)}'=f~'(x)-g '(x)

~f(x), g(x)
{kf(x)}'=kf~'(x) k
{~f(x)+g(x)}'=f~'(x)+g '(x)
{~f(x)-g(x)}'=f~'(x)-g '(x)

62
 y=x^3&-3x^2&+2x-1
y'=(x^3&-3x^2&+2x-1)'
빈칸에 =(x^3)'-3(x^2)'+2(x)'-(1)'
알맞은 것을
써넣어 보자. =3x^2&-3\ +2\ -0

03
y=4x^3&+x-5 y=-x^6&+2x^3&-x+1

~f(x) g(x)

{~f(x)g(x)}'
~f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x)
=lim
h=0&`
h
~f(x+h)g(x+h)-~f(x)g(x+h)+~f(x)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x)
=lim
h=0&`
h
{~f(x+h)-f(x)}g(x+h)+f(x){g(x+h)-g(x)}
=lim
h=0&`
h
~f(x+h)-f(x)
g(x) =lim
h=0&` h=0&`g(x+h)
\lim
h
lim
h=0&`g(x+h)=g(x) ~g(x+h)-g(x)
+lim
h=0&`~f(x)\lim
h=0&`
h
=f~'(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)

~f(x), g(x)
{~f(x)g(x)}'=f~'(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)

63
 2 ~y=(x^2&+1)(x-2)

y'={(x^2&+1)(x-2)}'=(x^2&+1)'(x-2)+(x^2&+1)(x-2)'
=2x(x-2)+(x^2&+1)\1=3x^2&-4x+1

y'=3x^2&-4x+1

04
y=(3x-1)(-x+5) y=(x^2&+3)(2x^2&-x)

05 y=(x^2&-x-3)(x^3&+1)

1 ~f(x) g(x) h(x)

{~f(x)g(x)h(x)}'=f~'(x)g(x)h(x)+f(x)g '(x)h(x)+f(x)g(x)h'(x)

~f(x)g(x)h(x)
~f(x)g(x) h(x)

2 ~f(x) g(x) h(x) ~f(x)g(x)h(x)

64
 II

165

y=f(x) x a b
DELTAy ~f(b)-f(a) ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a) 1 ~f(x) x=a
DELTAx = b-a
= DELTAx
~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a)

y=f(x) x=a
DELTAy ~f(a+DELTAx)-f(a) ~f(x)-f(a)
~f~'(a)=~ó
DELTAx=0&~ =~ó
DELTAx=0&~ =ó
x=a&`
DELTAx DELTAx x-a
2 y=f(x)
~f(x) x=a ~f(x) x=a (1 ~f(1))
~f(x)=c c ~f(x)=x^n& n ~f~'(1)
~f(x)=c~ c ~f~'(x)=0
~f(x)=x ~f~'(x)=1
~f(x)=x^n~ n->2 ~f~'(x)=nx^n-1 3 ~f(x) x=a
~f(x) x=a
~f(x) g(x)
{kf(x)}'=kf~'(x) k
{~f(x)+g(x)}'=f~'(x)+g '(x) 4 ~f(x) g(x) h(x)
{~f(x)-g(x)}'=f~'(x)-g '(x) {~f(x)+g(x)+h(x)}'
{~f(x)g(x)}'=f~'(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x) =f~'(x)+g '(x)+h'(x)

0 (x->0)
3 ~f(x)=Õ~
x (x<0)
x=0

1 ~f(x)=-x^2&+3x+1 x 0
2

2 x=1 4
~f(x)=2x-3 y=x^3&-2x^2&+x+3
~f(x)=2x^2&+x-1 y=(x+1)(3x^2&-x+7)

65
 8 ~f(x)
~f(x)-1
lim
x=4 =5
5 ~f(x)=2x^2&+ax+3 x -1 x-4
1 3 ~f~'(4)
a

x^2&+3x-10
(xnot=2)
9 ~f(x)=^^{~ x-2 x=2
a+1 (x=2)
a
6 ~f(x) ~f~'(1)=2

~f(1+4h)-f(1)
lim
h=0&`
h
~f(1-2h)-f(1)
lim
h=0&`
h

10 ~f(x)=ax^2&+bx+2
~f(1)=8 ~f~'(-1)=0
a b

7 ~f(x)
y=f(x) (2 ~f(2))
~f(x)-f(2) 11 ~f(x)
4 lim
x=2&` ~f(x)=2x^3&-x^2&-xf~'(2)
x^3&-8
~f~'(-1)

66
12 ~f(x)=x^3&+ax^2&-4x+1
~f(1+h)-f(1-3h)
lim
h=0&` =6
2h 15 ~f(x) x y
a
~f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+3xy
~f~'(0)=2 ~f~'(2)

13 ~f(x) g(x)

~g '(1)

y=f(x) (1 1)
2 16 ~f(x)=x^3&+ax+b
~f(x+1)-3
x=1&`
lim =4
x^2&-1
g(x)=(x^2&+3x)f(x)
a b

14 ~f(x)=(x-a)(x^2&-4x+3)
~f~'(a)=-1 ~f~'(1) 17 x10&+5x^2&+1 (x-1)^2&
a

67
 x C(x)
C(x)
C '(x)
x

x kg
C(x)
C(x)=2x^3&-4.8x^2&+4x (0<x<1 5)

y=C(x)

1 x kg

C(x)
2 x
C '(x) x

3
2

68
음악! 수학과
하다
접선, 아날로그와
디지털을 연결하다.

0 1

CD
MP3

69
2 도함수

1 2 (1, 2)

2 x
y=x^2&- x+5 y=x^2&+2x+3

70
 y

1`m 1
x ~f(x)`m
15
~f(x)=-5x^2&+1 10-<x-< 2
5
y=f(x) O x
1 4
1 , 2
5 5 y=-5x^2+1

1 4
~f~'(x)=-10x y=f(x) 1 2
5 5
1
~f~'1 2=-2
5

~f(x) x=a y y=f(x)

y=f(x) (a f(a))
x=a ~f~'(a) f(a)

y=f(x) (a f(a))
(x , y ) (a ~f(a)) ~f~'(a)
O a x
m

y-y = (x-x ) y-f(a)=f~'(a)(x-a)

y=f(x) (a, ~f(a))

y-f(a)=f~'(a)(x-a)

71
 1 ~y=x^2&+x+1 (1, 3)

~f(x)=x^2&+x+1 f~'(x)=2x+1 y=x^2&+x+1 y

(1 3)
f~'(1)=2\1+1=3 3

y-3=3(x-1)
O1 x
y=3x

y=3x

01
y=-x^2&+2x-3 (2 -3) y=2x^3&-x^2&+4 (-1 1)

2 ~y=x^2&-4x+3 -2

~f(x)=x^2&-4x+3 ~f~'(x)=2x-4 y y=x^2&-4x+3

(t t^2&-4t+3)
-2 ~f~'(t)=-2 3
2t-4=-2 t=1
(1 0)
O 1 3 x
y-0=-2(x-1)
y=-2x+2

y=-2x+2

02 1
y=x^2&-x+5 y=x^3&-2x

72
3 (-1, 2) ~y=-x^2&-2x

~f(x)=-x^2&-2x f~'(x)=-2x-2 y

(t -t^2&-2t) 2
~f~'(t)=-2t-2
y-(-t^2&-2t)=(-2t-2)(x-t)
y=(-2t-2)x+t^2& ……`
-2 -1 O x
(-1 2)
2=(-2t-2)\(-1)+t^2 y=-x^2-2x
t^2&+2t=0
t=-2 t=0
t
y=2x+4 y=-2x

y=2x+4 y=-2x

03
y=2x^2&-x+1 (1 - ) y=-x^3&+x+3 (0 1)

A(2, k) y=-x^2&+4
k

A y=-x +4 A

73
 O y

O 1
y=-x^2+2x

x`m ~f(x)`m
~f(x)=-x^2&+2x (0-<x-<2)
O 1 2 x

1 ~f(x) ~~f(0)=f(2), ~f(0)not=f(2)

2 (0, 2) ~f~'(c)=0 c

f(0)=f(2)=0 f~'(1)=0 (0 2)
f~'(c)=0 c

(a, b) 0
y=f(x) ~f(x) [a, b] (a, b)
~f(a)=f(b)
y f~'(c)=0

f(a)=f(b)
y=f(x) c (a, b)

O a b x

~f(x)
(a b) c y
y=f(x)
f(a)=f(b)
~f~'(c)=0

O a c b x

74
 ~f(x)
~f(a)=f(b) ~f(x) c
(a b)
x=c ~f(c) y
f '(c)=0
a<c+h<b h f(c)
f(c+h)
~f(c+h)-f(c)-<0 y=f(x)
f(a)=f(b)
h 0 ~f(c+h)-f(c)
~f(c+h)-f(c) ó
=0+&~ -<0
h
-<0 h
O a c c+h b x
h<0 ~f(c+h)-f(c)
~f(c+h)-f(c) ó
=0-&~ ->0
h
->0 h
f(x) x=c

~f(c+h)-f(c) ~f(c+h)-f(c)
0-<~lim
=0-&~ =~ó
=0+&~ -<0
h h

~f(c+h)-f(c)
f~'(c)=ó
h=0&` =0
h
x=c ~f(c)
~f~'(c)=0

~f(x) (a b)
y y=|x|
~f~'(c)=0 c
1
~f(x)=|x| -1 1]
-1 O 1 x
~f(-1)=f(1) ~f~'(c)=0 c (-1 1)

01 ~f(x)=2x^3&- x 0, 3&~
c

~f(x)=2x^3&- x 0 3&~ (0 3~&)

~f(0)=f( 3&~) ~f~'(c)= c (0 3~&)

~f~'(x)= ~f~'(c)=0 c=-1 c=

0<c< 3& c=

75
 ~f(x)=x^2&-5x+4
y y=x^2-5x+4
A(1, 0), B(5, 4)
B
4
1 A, B
2 ~f~'(c) 1 c
A
(1, 5) 4
O 1 5 x

A(1 0) B(5 4)
4-0
=1
5-1
~f~'(3)=1 ~f~'(c) A B
c (1 5)

(a, b)
AB ~f(x) [a, b] (a, b)
y=f(x)
~f(b)-f(a)
=f~'(c)
b-a
y c (a, b)
y=f(x)
f(b)
B
A
f(a)

O a b x

y=f(x) (a f(a)) (b f(b)) y

y=g(x)

y=g(x)
f(b)
~f(b)-f(a) y=f(x)
g(x)= (x-a)+f(a)
b-a
f(a)

h(x)=f(x)-g(x) h(x)
O a c c b x
[a b] (a b)
h(a)=h(b)=0

76
 ~f(b)-f(a) ~f(b)-f(a)
g '(x)= h'(c)=f~'(c)-g '(c)=f~'(c)- =0
b-a b-a
~f(b)-f(a) c (a b)
g '(c)=
b-a ~f(b)-f(a)
=f~'(c) c (a b)
b-a

1 ~f(x)=x^2&-1 0, 1]
c

~f(x)=x^2&-1 0 1] (0 1)
y y=x^2-1 ~f(1)-f(0)
=f~'(c) c (0 1)
1-0
c ~f(1)-f(0)
-1 O 1 x =1 f~'(x)=2x f~'(c)=2c 1=2c
1-0
-1
1
c=
2
1
2

02 c
~f(x)=-2x^2&+x+1 [1 2] ~f(x)=x^3&+5 -3 0

03 ~f(x) [a, b] (a, b)

~f~'(x)=0 ~f(x) [a, b]

a<x-<b x [a x]
~f(x)-f(a)
=f~'(c) c (a x)
x-a
~f(x)-f(a)
~f~'(c)= =0
x-a
~f(x)-f(a)=0 ~f(x)=
~f(x) [a b]

77
 ( )
20

10 50 80
O (km)
-20

-40

-60

-80

1
2

~f(x) x x
x <x f(x )<f(x )
~f(x)
x <x f(x ) f(x )
~f(x)

y y=f(x) y=f(x) y

f(x )

f(x )
f(x ) f(x )

O x x x O x x x

78
1
~f(x)=x^2 0 )
~f(x)=x^2 (- 0

0-<x <x x x
y y=x^2 f(x )-f(x )=x &^2&-x &^2
=(x &-x )(x &+x &) 0
+ +
O x ~f(x )<f(x )
~f(x)=x^2 0 )
x <x -<0 x x
f(x )-f(x )=x &^2&-x &^2
=(x &-x )(x &+x &)<0
+ -
~f(x ) f(x )
~f(x)=x^2 (- 0

01
~f(x)=x^3 (- )

x <x x x
에
~f(x ), ~f(x )
제를
해 해 보자.

1
~f(x)= (- 1)
x-1

x <x <1 x x

~f(x ), ~f(x )

79
 ~f(x) ~f~'(x)
~f(x) (a b) (a b)
x <x x x
~f(x )-f(x )
=f~'(c)
x &-x
c (x x )
~f~'(x)

(a b) x ~f~'(x) 0
`f(x )-f(x ) y
=f~'(c) 0 y=f(x)
x &-x
x &-x & 0
~f(x )-f(x ) 0 ~f(x )<f(x )

O a x c x b x
~f(x)

(a b) x ~f~'(x)<0
`f(x )-f(x ) y
=f~'(c)<0 y=f(x)
x &-x
x &-x & 0
~f(x )-f(x )<0 ~f(x ) f(x )

O a x c x b x
~f(x)

~f(x)
x ~f~'(x) 0 ~f(x)
x ~f~'(x)<0 ~f(x)

~f(x)=x^3 (- , )
~f~'(0)=0

80
 2 ~f(x)=x^3&-3x+4

~f~'(x)=3x^2&-3=3(x+1)(x-1)
~f~'(x)=0 x x=-1 x=1
~f~'(x) ~f(x)

x … -1 … 1 …
~f(x)
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
~f(x)
~f(x) 2

~f~'(x)=0 ~f(x) (- -1 [1 ) -1 1]
x

(- -1 [1 ) -1 1]

02
~f(x)=-4x^3&+ x^2&+1 ~f(x)=x^4&-10x^2&+15

03 ~f(x)=ax^3&+bx^2&+cx+ a, b, c,
~f(x)

~f(x) y=f~'(x) ~f(x)

y y=f '(x)
~f(x) ~b]
[b

a O b c x

81
 cm
0 38
500 12 44
250

0 6 3 18 8
-250
0 4 8 12 16 20 24

1 0 4 8 1

2 4 8 1 20

~f(x) x=a y

x
~f(x)-<~f(a)
~f(x) x=a
O x
~f(a)
x=a y

x
~f(x)->~f(a)
~f(x) x=a
O x
~f(a)

~f(x) x=a a
~f~'(a)
~f(x) x=a h(hnot=0)

~f(x) x=a ~f(a+h)-f(a) ~f(a+h)-f(a)

~ó
=0+&~ -<0 ~ó
=0-&~ ->0
h h
~f(a+h)-f(a)-<0

82
 ~f(x) x=a
x=a에서 ~f(a+h)-f(a) ~f(a+h)-f(a)
미분가능하 0-<~lim
=0-&~ =~ó
=0+&~ -<0
h h
과 이
.

~f~'(a)=0
~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a)=0

~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a)=0

y y=x^3

~f(x) ~f~'(a)=0 ~f(x) x=a

O x
~f(x)=x^3 ~f~'(0)=0 x=0

~f(x) x=a ~f~'(a) y y=|x|

~f(x)=|x| x=0
O x
~f~'(0)

y
~f(x) ~f~'(a)=0 f '(a)=0

x=a ~f~'(x)
f '(x)>0 f '(x)<0
~f(x) x=a
x=a O a x
y = f(x)

~f(x) ~f~'(a)=0 y y = f(x)

x=a ~f~'(x)
f '(x)<0 f '(x)>0
~f(x) x=a
x=a f '(a)=0
O a x

83
 ~f(x) ~f(x) ~f~'(x)

~f~'(x)=0
x
~f(x) ~f~'(a)=0 x=a
~f~'(x)=0 x ~f~'(x) ~f(x) x=a ~f(a)
~f~ '(x)

~f~'(x) ~f(x) x=a ~f(a)

~f(x)

3 ~f(x)=2x^3&+3x^2&-1

~f~'(x)= x^2&+ x= x(x+1)

~f~'(x)=0 x x=-1 x=0
~f~'(x) ~f(x)

x … -1 … 0 …
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
~f(x) 0 -1

~f(x) x=-1 0 x=0

-1

0 -1

04
~f(x)=-x^3&+12x+3 ~f(x)=x^4&-2x^2&+2

05
x ~f(x) k h
1 3 1
~f(x)= x^3&- x^2&+2x+ (0-<x-<4)
3 2 3

84
4 ~f(x)=x^3&+ax^2&+bx+1 x=-1 a, b

~f~'(x)=3x^2&+2ax+b ~f(x) x=-1

~f~'(-1)=0 3-2a+b=0 ……~
~f(-1)= -1+a-b+1= ……~
a=-3 b=-
~f(x)=x^3&-3x^2&- x+1
~f~'(x)=3x^2&- x- =3(x+1)(x-3)
~f~'(x)=0 x x=-1 x=3
~f~'(x) ~f(x)

x … -1 … 3 …
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
~f(x) -2

~f(x) x=3 -2

a=-3 b=- -2

06 ~f(x)=-2x^3&+ax^2&+12x+b x=-2 -10 a, b

85
 ~f(x)=x^3&-3x-2
1 ~f '(x) ~f(x)

x … -1 … 1 …

~f~'(x) + 0 0
~f(x) 0 -4

2 ~f(x)=x^3&-3x-2
1
y=f(x)

1 y=f(x)

y=f(x)

~f~'(x)
~f~'(x)=0 x
~f(x)
y=f(x) x y
y=f(x)

86
1 y=x^3&- x^2&+ x

~f(x)=x^3&- x^2&+ x ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-12x+ =3(x-1)(x-3)

~f~'(x)=0 x x=1 x=3
~f~'(x) ~f(x)
y y=x^3- x^2+ x
x … 1 … 3 …
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
4
4 0
~f(x)

~f(0)=0 y=x^3&- x^2&+ x O

1 3 x

01
y=2x^3&-3x^2&+2 y=-x^3&+ x

2 y=2x^4&-4x^2&+1

~f~(x)=2x^4&-4x^2&+1 ~f~'(x)=8x^3&-8x=8x(x+1)(x-1)
~f~'(x)=0 x x=-1 x=0 x=1
~f~'(x) ~f(x)
y y=2x^4-4x^2+1
x … -1 … 0 … 1 …
~f~'(x) - 0 + 0 - 0 +
-1 1 -1 1
~f(x)
-1 1
O x
y=2x^4&-4x^2&+1
-1

02
y=3x^4&-8x^3&+ x^2&-2 y=-3x^4&+ x^2&+1

87
 f(x)
~f(x) [a b]
값과
값이 시 ~f(a) f(b)
값과 값이
~f(x) ~f(x)
는 것은 .
y y y

f(b) f(b)
f(a)
f(b) f(a)
f(a)

O a b x O a b x O a b x

3 0, 3 ~f(x)=2x^3&- x^2&+12x-1

~f~'(x)= x^2&-18x+12= (x-1)(x-2)

~f~'(x)=0 x x=1 x=2
0 3 ~f(x)

y y=2x^3-9x^2+12x-1
x 0 … 1 … 2 … 3
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 + 8

4 3
~f(x) -1 8
4
3
~f(x) x=3 8 x=0
-1 O
-1 1 2 3 x

8 -1

03
~f(x)=2x^3&+ x^2&-5 -2 2] ~f(x)=x^4&- x^2&+2 -1 2]

88
 04 A t
P(t)

P(t)=-t^4&+12t^3&-48t^2&+ 4t (0-<t-<4)

4 12`cm 12`cm

x`cm V(x)`cm^3&
x`cm (x)=x(12-2x)^2&=4x^3&-48x^2&+144x 0<x<
(12-2x) cm V'(x)=12x^2&- x+144=12(x-2)(x- )
(12-2x) cm
0<x< V'(x)=0 x x=2
0<x< V(x)

x 0 … 2 …
~V'(x) + 0 -
128
~V(x)

V(x) x=2
2`cm

2`cm

05 4`cm
8`cm

89
 ~f(x)=x^2&-2x
1

~f(x)=0 x= x=
y=f(x) x x x= x=

2 ~f(x)=0 y=f(x) x

~f(x)=0 y=f(x) x x
~f(x)=0 y=f(x)
x

1 2x^3&- x+1=0

2x^3&- x+1=0 y=2x^3&- x+1 x

~f(x)=2x^3&- x+1 ~f~'(x)= x^2&- = (x+1)(x-1)

~f~'(x)=0 x x=-1 x=1
~f(x)
y y=2x^3- x+1
x … -1 … 1 …
5
f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
f(x) 5 -3

O 1
y=f(x) x -1 x
2x^3&- x+1=0
-3
3 3

90
 01
x^3&-3x^2&+3x+1=0 x^4&-4x^2&-1=0

~f(x)=g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x)

x ~f(x)=g(x)
y=f(x) y=g(x)

2 x^3&-3x^2&-a=0 a

x^3&-3x^2&-a=0 x^3&-3x^2&=a
y=x^3&-3x^2& y=a
~f(x)=x^3&-3x^2 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&- x=3x(x-2)
~f~'(x)=0 x x=0 x=2
~f(x)
y y=x^3-3x^2
x … 0 … 2 …
f~'(x) + 0 - 0 + O 2
f(x) 0 -4 x

y=a
a
-4<a<0 -4<a<0 -4

02 x^3&+ x^2&+ x-2+a=0 a

03 02

~f(x)=0
~f(x)

91
 ~f(x)->0
~f(x) 0
~f(x)->g(x)
h(x)=f(x)-g(x) h(x) 0

3 x->0 x^3&-x^2&-x+1->0

~f(x)=x^3&-x^2&-x+1 f~'(x)=3x^2&-2x-1=(3x+1)(x-1)
1
~f~'(x)=0 x x=- x=1
3
x->0 ~f(x)

y y=x^3-x^2-x+1
x 0 … 1 …
~f~'(x) - 0 +
~f(x) 1 0 1

~f(x) x=1 0 x->0

O 1 x
x
f(x)=x^3&-x^2&-x+1->0
x->0 x^3&-x^2&-x+1->0

04 x->0 4x^3&-3x^2&- x+5->0

05 x 5x^4&-3x^3&+1->2x^4&+x^3

92
 t x~m
x=24t^2&+20t (0-<t-<10)

1 t 1 1+DELTAt x
2 1 DELTAt`arr`0

P t P
P x x t 0 x=f(t) x

x=f(t)
t t+DELTAt P
=
DELTAx ~f(t+DELTAt)-f(t)
=
DELTAt DELTAt
x=f(t)
t x t P
v
DELTAx ~f(t+DELTAt)-f(t) x
v=~ó
DELTAt=0&~ =~ó
DELTAt=0&~ =
의 값 |v|를 DELTAt DELTAt t
시 t에서 P의
력이 해.
P v t

t v t P
a
DELTA
a=~ó
DELTAt=0&~ =
DELTAt t

93
 P t x=f(t) t
P v a
x
v= =f~'(t), a=
t t

P 0 v<0 v>0
<0 x
P

1 P t x
x=-2t^3&+ t^2

t=1 P
P

t P v a
x
v= =- t^2&+18t a= =-12t+18
t t
t=1 P
=(- )\1^2&+18\1=12 a=(-12)\1+18=
0 =0
- t^2&+18t=0 - t(t-3)=0
t 0 t=3
0<t<3 0 t 3 <0 P
3

12 3

01 P t x
x=t^3&- t^2&+ t

t=2 P
P

94
2 25`m 20`m s
t x`m
x=-5t^2&+20t+25

x
t v`m s v= =-10t+20
t
0 =0
-10t+20=0 t=2
2
x=(-5)\2^2&+20\2+25=45
45`m
0 x=0
-5t^2&+20t+25=0 -5(t+1)(t-5)=0
t 0 t=5
=(-10)\5+20=-30
-30`m s 2 45`m -30`m s

02 30`m s t
x`m
x=30t-5t^2&

03 4000`m
25
t h`m
h=-5t^2&+4000 (0-<t-<25)
2000`m

95
 y=f(x) (a ~f(a))
y-f(a)=f~'(a)(x-a)
~f(x) [a b] 1 ~f(x)=|2x|
(a b) (-1 1) ~f~'(c)=0 c
~f(a)=f(b) ~f~'(c)=0 c (a b)

~f(b)-f(a)
=f~'(c) c (a b)
b-a 2 ~f(x) (- )
~f~'(x) 0
~f(x)
x ~f~'(x) 0 ~f(x)
3 ~f(x)
x ~f~'(x)<0 ~f(x) ~f~'(2)=0 ~f(x) x=2

f'(a)=0
4 ~f(x)=g(x)
f'(x)<0 f'(x)>0
f'(x)>0 f'(x)<0 y=f(x)
f'(a)=0 y=g(x)
a x a x

t x=f(t)
x
v= =f~'(t) a= 5 0 0
t t

3 P t
x
1 y=2x^3&+x^2&-1 (1 2) x=t^3&+2t^2&-5
t=2 P

2 ~f(x)=-2x^3&+ x^2&+3

96
 II

169

7 ~f(x)=x^3&+ax^2&+ax+1
a
4 y=-x^3&+ x^2&-8

8 ~f(x)=3x^4&+4x^3&-12x^2&+1

5 O y=x^4&-3x^2&+
A B
9 ~f(x)=x^3&+ax^2&+bx+c
OAB
y=f~'(x)
~f(x) 5 a b c

y y=f'(x)

O 4 x

6 ~f(x)=x^2&-3x-4
-1 4]
c 10 -3 1]
0 2] ~f(x)=x^4&-8x^2&+5
c

97
11 ABCD
A D y=-x^2&+
B C x 14 ~f(x)=x^3&-2x^2&+ax+1

ABCD (-1 2)

D 1 a

A D

B O C x
y=-x^2+
15 5x^3&-2=2x^3&+ x+k

12 x->0 2x^3&-3kx^2&+1 0
k

16
10`cm 10`cm
2`cm

13 P t
x 10`cm
x=t^3&-5t^2&+8t
P 10`cm

98
 k

1 k

99
1 ~f(x)=x^2&-3x x a 5 y=12x+k y=2x^3&-3x^2
a+1 8 k
a

2 ~f(x) ~f~'(a)=2
6 ~f(x) g(x)
~f(a+h)-f(a-h)
lim
h=0&` y=f~'(x) y=g '(x)
h
h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
-4 -2 0
x
2 4
y=f '(x) y y=g '(x)

b d
a O c e x

3 ~f(x)
~f(3)=1 ~f~'(3)=-2
x^2&- f(x) a b c
lim
x= `&
x-3 e

4
~f(x)=-x^2&+3x&+1
g(x)=2x^3&-x^2&+x-3 7 ~f(x)=x^3&- ax^2&+ a^2&x+1
y=f(x)g(x) 34 a
(1 -3) 1 2 3
4 5

100
 II

170

8 -2 2]
~f(x)=x^3&+3x^2&+k-5
11 15
8 ~f(x)
k
ax^2&-2x (x->1)
-12 - -3 11 ~f(x)=Õ~ x=1
2x^2&+b (x<1)
12 a b

9
~f(x)=4x^4&-5x^3&+10
g(x)=x^4&+3x^3&+k
12 y=x^2&+ax+b (2 3)
x ~f(x) g(x)
a b
k

10 P t
x
x=2t^3&-5t^2& 13 ~f(x)=x^3&+ x^2&+kx-1
P -3 1] k

101
14 ~f(x)=-x^3&+ax^2&+bx+c 15
|a| |b| |c| 8
8
+ +
a b c
a b c 0
y

O x h
h
y=f(x) 8<h<1

자기 평가

이해가 분은
을
제가 하
수 로

102
꿈! 수학과
나다
폐기물 에너지화 연구원

저는 환경 오염을 줄이면서 버려지는 쓰레기로

우리 생활에 필요한 에너지를 우리 생활에 필요한 에너지를 생산하는 사람을
생산하는 데 도움이 되는 폐기물 에너지화 연구원이라고 해요.
일을 하고 싶어요. 폐기물 에너지화 연구원이 하는 일을
어떤 직업이 있을까요? 자세히 설명해 줄게요.

103
I 148

II 152

III 156
 II

1 ~f(x) x 1 3 4 y=f(x)
2 x 3 y=x 0<a<1<b
4 -1 x
1 4 y
y=f(x) y=x

-6 -3 1
3 6

O
a 1 b x

~f(b)-f(a)>b-a
~f~'(b)>1
~f(a) ~f(b)
>
a b

2 ~f(x)=-x^2&+1
~f(1-DELTAx)-f(1)
DELTA~ó
x=0&`
DELTAx
-4 -2 -1
5 ~f(x) x y
2 4

~f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)-xy
~f~'(2)=4 ~f~'(x)

6 ~f(x) ~f~'(x)
3 ~f(x)
x
~f(1)=3 ~f~'(1)=-2
(x-1)f~'(x)=x^2&-1-f(x)
~f(x^2)-xf(1)
lim
x=1&` ~f~'(1)
x-1

152
 180

x^3&+ax (x->2) 10 x^10&+ax+b (x-1)^2

7 ~f(x)=Õ~
bx^2&+4 (x<2)
x=2
7x-8 a+2b
a b a b
-3 -1 0
1 3

8 y=ax^2&+bx+1 (1 3)
1
y=- x+1
5
a-b a b 11 y=x^2&-5x+1 -1
-4 -2 1
2 4 y=-x-5 y=-x-3
y=-x+1 y=-x+5
y=-x+7

9 ~f(x) g(x)
~f(x)-3
lim
x=2&` =1
x-2
g(x)+2
lim
x=2&` =3
x-2 12 y=x^3&-2x P(-1 1)
~f(x)g(x) x=2 x y
Q R y=x^3&-2x
7 8 9 S ^-PQ^- ^-QR^- ^-RS^-
10 11

153
 II

13 ~f(x)=x^4&-4x^2&+3 16 ~f(x)=x^3&-ax^2&+2ax+1
[-1 rt3&~] a
c 5 6 7
8 9

14
~f(x)=-x^3&+2ax^2&+ax
a

17 [-2 0]
~f(x)=2ax^3&+3ax^2&+b~(a>0)
7 -3 ab
a b

~f(x) y=f~'(x) -10 -3 3

15
10 12

y y=f'(x)

-4
-2
-5 O 2 4 5 x

18 3

~f(x) [-2 2]

~f(x) x=0
3
~f(x) x=4
[-5 5] ~f(x)
3
2
3

154
19 ~f(x)=3x^3&-9x^2&+5 22 1.8`m
|~f(x)|=k 3`m
k 0.8`m

3`m
20 P
1.8`m
t x x=t^3&-8t^2&+16t
P

21 P t 60°
23
v(t) 0.5`m

v(t) 21`m
t
a d
O b c t h`m
h=21-5t^2

t=a P 0
a<t<c P

t=b t=d P
21`m

60°

155
적분
1.
2.

144
예습과 복습을 하겠다.
수업에 적극적으로 참여하겠다.
과제를 열심히 하겠다.
끈기 있게 노력하겠다.
1 부정적분과 정적분

1 ~f(x)=-2x+1 ~f(3)-f(-1)

2
y=100 y=x^6

106
 2x

x^2, ~x^2&-1, x^2&+2

2x

2x

(x^2&)'=2x (x^2&-1)'=2x (x^2&+2)'=2x

2x x^2&+k (k

F(x) ~f(x)
F'(x)=f(x)
F(x) ~f(x)

¦ i&ntegral ¦~&f(x)~dx

x^2 x^2&-1 x^2&+2 2x

2x

F(x) G(x) ~f(x)

F'(x)=f(x) G'(x)=f(x)

{G(x)-F(x)}'=G'(x)-F'(x)=f(x)-f(x)=0
0 C
G(x)-F(x)=C G(x)=F(x)+C

107
 ~f(x) F(x) ~f(x)
F(x)+C C

C
~f(x) ~f(x)

int&~f(x)~dx=F(x)+C F'(x)=f(x)

int&~f(x)~dx=F(x)+C C

d
`int&~f(x)~dx=f(x)
~dx

¦ 1~dx는 보통
빈칸에
(x)'=1 int&1~dx=x+C ¦ dx로 나타내.
알맞은 것을
써넣어 보자.
(x^3)'=3x^2 int&3x^2~dx= +C

01
int&5~dx int&4x^3~dx

d d
~^{~int&f(x)~dx^}=~int&~^{&~ ~~f(x)^}~dx
~dx ~dx

108
 y=x^n~ n y=k~ k

~f(x) ~f~'(x)
~f~'(x)=x^n~ n ~f(x)

1 1 1 1
~f(x) x^2 x^3 x^4 x^5
2 3 4 5
~f~'(x) x

1 1
Ñ x^2^)'=x int&x~dx= x^2&+C
2 2
1 1
Ñ x^3^)'=x^2 int&x^2~dx= x^3&+C
3 3
1 1
Ñ x^4^)'=x^3 int&x^3~dx= x^4&+C
4 4
n
1 1
Ñ x^n+1^)'=x^n int&x^n~dx= x^n+1&+C
n+1 n+1
k

(kx)'=k int&k~dx=kx+C

y=k k y=x^n n

k int&k~dx=kx+C C

1 1
~int&x^n~dx= x^n+1&+C n int&x^n~dx= x^n+1&+C C
n+1 n+1

빈칸에 ~int&2~dx=2x+C
알맞은 것을
써넣어 보자. 1
~int&x^6~dx= x^6+1&+C= +C
+1

109
 02 C

1
int&3~dx x^5&+C
5
1
int&x^4~dx x^9&+C
9

int&x^5~dx 3x+C

1
int&x^8~dx x^6&+C
6

~f(x) g(x) F(x) G(x)

~int&~f(x)~dx=F(x)+C_1 ~int&g(x)~dx=G(x)+C_2~~ C_1 C_2

{kF(x)}'=kF'(x)=kf(x)~ k 0

~int&kf(x)~dx=kF(x)+C_3~ C_3

k~int&~f(x)~dx=k{F(x)+C_1}=kF(x)+kC_1

C_1 C_3

~int&k~f(x)~dx=k~int&~f(x)~dx~

{F(x)+G(x)}'=F'(x)+G'(x)=f(x)+g(x)

~int&{`f(x)~+g(x)}~dx=F(x)+G(x)+C_4~ C_4

~int&~f(x)~dx+~int&g(x)~dx=F(x)+G(x)+(C_1&+C_2)

C_1 C_2 C_4

~int&{`f(x)~+g(x)}~dx=~int&~f(x)~dx+~int&~g(x)~dx

~int&{`f(x)~-g(x)}~dx=~int&~f(x)~dx-~int&g(x)~dx

110
 ~f(x), g(x)

int&kf(x)~dx=kint&f(x)~dx k 0

int&{~f(x)+g(x)}~dx=int&f(x)~dx+int&g(x)~dx

int&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx=int&f(x)~dx-int&g(x)~dx

1 int&(2x^3&+3x^2&-4x)~dx

~int&(2x^3&+3x^2&-4x)~dx=2int&x^3&~dx+3int&x^2~dx-4int&x~dx

적분상수가 1 1 1
=2Ñ x^4&+C_1^)+3^( x^3&+C_2^)-4^( x^2&+C_3^)
여러 개일 때는 4 3 2
묶어서 하나로
1
나타내. = x^4&+x^3&-2x^2&+(2C_1&+3C_2&-4C_3)
2
C_1 C_2 C_3 C=2C_1&+3C_2&-4C_3
1 1
int&(2x^3&+3x^2&-4x)~dx= x^4&+x^3&-2x^2&+C x^4&+x^3&-2x^2&+C
2 2

03
int&(5x^4&-8x^3&+4x-3)~dx int&(x-1)(x^2&+1)~dx

04 ~f~'(x)=8x^3&-6x^2&+3, ~f(0)=-1 ~f(x)

C

~f(x)=int&(8x^3&-6x^2&+3)~dx=

~f(0)=-1 C=

~f(x)=

111
 ~f(x)=2x F(x), G(x), H(x)

F(3)-F(1) G(3)-G(1) H(3)-H(1)

~f(x)=2x F(x)=x^2
G(x)=x^2&+1 H(x)=x^2&-2
F(3)-F(1)=8 G(3)-G(1)=8 H(3)-H(1)=8

[a b] ~f(x)
F(x) G(x)
F(x)=G(x)+C C
F(b)-F(a)
F(b)-F(a)={G(b)+C}-{G(a)+C}=G(b)-G(a)

~f(x) F(x) F(b)-F(a)

~f(x) a b

inta ^b&~&f(x)~dx

F(b)-F(a)
Riemann, G. F. B.
1826& 1866 ^[F(x)^]a^b

112
 inta ^b&~f(x)~dx
x
[a, b] ~f(x) F(x)

inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=^[F(x)^]a^b&=F(b)-F(a)
~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=inta ^b&~f(t)~dt

a=b inta ^a&~f(x)~dx=0

빈칸에
알맞은 수를 ~int1^2&&3x^2~dx=^[x^3^]1^2&=2^3&-1^3&=7
써넣어 보자.
~int2^2&&(x+1)~dx=

01
int1^3&4x^3~dx int-^-1&
1 (x^2&-3x&+1)~dx

a>b inta ^b&~f(x)~dx

inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=-intb^a&~&f(x)~dx

a>b F '(x)=f(x)

inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=-intb^a&~&f(x)~dx=-^[F(x)^]b^a &

=-{F(a)-F(b)}
=F(b)-F(a)

a b

inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=F(b)-F(a)

113
 빈칸에
알맞은 것을
써넣어 보자.
~int21&&3x^2~dx=^[ ^]21&=1^3&-2^3=

02
int3^-1&~4x^3~dx int1^-^2&~&5x^4~dx

~f(t)=3t^2

~int1^x&3t^2~dt=Ct^3D_1^x&=x^3&-1

d ~int1^x&3t^2~dt=3x^2
~dx

[a b] ~f(t) F(t)
(a b) x

inta ^x&~f(t)~dt=CF(t)D_a^x&=F(x)-F(a)

d d
~inta ^x&~f(t)~dt= ~{F(x)-F(a)}=F'(x)=f(x)
~dx ~dx

~f(t) [a, b]
d
~inta ^x&~f(t)~dt=f(x) a<x<b
~dx

114
 03
d d
~int0^x&(2t^2&+1)~dt ~int-^x&1`(5t^3&-2t+4)~dt
~dx ~dx

04
x ~f(x)
3
~f(x)=2+int0^x&^(- t^2&+12t+6^)`dt (0<x<8)
2
5
2

1 x int1^x&~f(t)~dt=x^2&-2x+a ~f(x)

~int1^x&~f(t)~dt=x^2&-2x+a x

~f(x)=2x-2

~int1^x&~f(t)~dt=x^2&-2x+a x=1

0=1-2+a
a=1

~f(x)=2x-2 a=1

05 x ~int-^x&1 &~f(t)~dt=x^3&+6x^2&+7x+a ~f(x)

115
 ~f(x) g(x) F(x) G(x)
C

~int&kf(x)~dx=kint&f(x)~dx=kF(x)+C~ k 0
함수의 실수배,
합, 차의 정적분은
부정적분을 이용하여 inta ^b&kf(x)~dx=^[kF(x)^]a^b&
구할 수 있어.
=kF(b)-kF(a)
=k{F(b)-F(a)}

=k^[F(x)^]a^b&

=kinta ^b&~f(x)~dx

k=0

~int&{~f(x)+g(x)}~dx=int&f(x)~dx+int&g(x)~dx=F(x)+G(x)+C

inta ^b&{~f(x)+g(x)}~dx=^[F(x)+G(x)^]a^b

={F(b)+G(b)}-{F(a)+G(a)}
={F(b)-F(a)}+{G(b)-G(a)}

=^[F(x)^]a^b&+^[G(x)^]a^b

=inta ^b&~f(x)~dx+inta ^b&~g(x)~dx

~int&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx=int&f(x)~dx-int&g(x)~dx=F(x)-G(x)+C

~inta ^b&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx=^[F(x)-G(x)^]a^b

={F(b)-G(b)}-{F(a)-G(a)}
={F(b)-F(a)}-{G(b)-G(a)}

=^[F(x)^]a^b&-^[G(x)^]a^b

=~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx-inta ^b&~g(x)~dx

116
 ~f(x), g(x) [a, b]

~inta ^b&kf(x)~dx=k~inta ^b&f(x)~dx k

~inta ^b&{~f(x)+g(x)}~dx=~inta ^b&f(x)~dx+~inta ^b&g(x)~dx

~inta ^b&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx=~inta ^b&f(x)~dx-~inta ^b&g(x)~dx

2
~int1^2&(6x^2&-4x+5)~dx

~int-^21`(2x^2&-3x)~dx+~int-^21`(-x^2&+3x)~dx

int1^2&(6x^2&-4x+5)~dx=6int1^2&x^2~dx-4int1^2&x~dx+int1^2&&5~dx

1 1
=6^[ x^3^]1^2&-4^[ x^2^]1^2&+^[5x^]1^2&
3 2
8 1 1
=6Ñ - ^)-4^(2- ^)+(10-5)
3 3 2
=13

int-^21`(2x^2&-3x)~dx+int-^21`(-x^2&+3x)~dx=int-^2&1`{(2x^2&-3x)+(-x^2&+3x)}~dx

1
=int-^21`x^2~dx=^[ x^3^]^2-1
3
8 1
= -Ñ- ^)
3 3
=3

13 3

06
~int-12`(-9x^2&-2x+3)~dx ~int1^3&(4x&+1)^2~dx-int1^3&(4x-1)^2~dx

117
 a b c ~f(x)
F(x)

inta ^c&~f(x)~dx+intc^b&~f(x)~dx=^[F(x)^]a^c&+^[F(x)^]c^b&

={F(c)-F(a)}+{F(b)-F(c)}

=F(b)-F(a)=^[F(x)^]a^b&
~inta ^c&~f(x)~dx+~intc^b&~f(x)~dx

=~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx =inta ^b&~f(x)~dx

a, b, ~f(x) a, b, c
c
inta ^c&~f(x)~dx+intc^b&~f(x)~dx=inta ^b&~f(x)~dx

빈칸에
알맞은 수를 ~int-^21`(4x-1)~dx+int2^3&(4x-1)~dx=int-1 `(4x-1)~dx
써넣어 보자.
=^[2x^2&-x^]-1& =

07 ~int1^4&(3x^2&-2)~dx+int4^3&(3x^2&-2)~dx

x-1 (x->1)
08 ~f(x)=Õ ~int0^3&~f(x)~dx
1-x (x-<1)

118
 III

173

F'(x)=f(x)

int&~f(x)~dx=F(x)+C C
1
y=k k y=x^n& n

k int&k~dx=kx+C C

1
n int&x^n&~dx= x^n+1&+C C
n+1
d
2 ~int0 ^x&c~ ~f(t)d~dt=f(x)
dt
~int&kf(x)~dx=k~int&~f(x)~dx k 0

~int&{~f(x)+g(x)}~dx=int&~f(x)~dx+int&~g(x)~dx

~int&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx=int&~f(x)~dx-int&~g(x)~dx

[a b] ~f(x) 3 int100^100&(5x^2&-6x+1)~dx=0
F(x)

~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=^[F(x)^]a^b&=F(b)-F(a)

~f(t) [a b]
d
~inta ^x&~f(t)~dt=f(x) a<x<b)
dx 4 ~int-^31(x^2&+1)~dx=~int3^-1&(x^2&+1)~dx

~f(x) g(x) [a b]

~inta ^b&&kf(x)~dx=k~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx k

~inta ^b&&{~f(x)+g(x)}~dx=~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx+~inta ^b&~g(x)~dx

~inta ^b&&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx=~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx-~inta ^b&~g(x)~dx 5 ~int1^5x^3~dx-~int5^2x^3~dx=~int1^2x^3~dx

2
int&(3x^2&+4x-1)~dx
1 ~¦&~f(x)~dx=3x^2&-2x+C

~f(x) int&(x+1)^3~dx-int&(x-1)^3~dx

C )

119
3 6 ~f(x) F(x)

int1^5&(2x+7)~dx
F(x)=xf(x)-5x^3&+4x^2
int1^4&(x&-3)^2~dx+int1^4&(6x-11)~dx ~f(2)=8 ~f(x)

int-^2&1 (x^3&+x)~dx+int2^3&(x^3&+x)~dx

7 x

~inta ^x&~f(t)~dt=2x^2&-8x+6

4 ~f(x) ~f(x) a
~f~'(x)=1+2x+3x^2&+ … +10x^9&
~f(0)=0 ~f(1)

8 ~f(x)=x^2&+ax+b

int0^3`f(x)~dx=3
5 (1 7) y=f(x)
8
(x y) int-11 ~f(x)~dx=
3
3x^2&-12x+8 ~f(-1) a b

120
9 ~int01&(9a^2&x^2&-12ax+5)~dx

a 12 ~f(x) g(x)
d
{~f(x)+g(x)}=2x+3
dx
d
{~f(x)g(x)}=3x^2&+8x-1
dx
~f(0)=2 g(0)=-5
~f(x) g(x)

10 ~f(x)=8x^3&+x-5

int-1&2 ~f(x)~dx-int21&~f(x)~dx

~int-12 f(x)~dx-int21&~f(x)~dx 13 ~f(x)

~int1^x&(x-t)f(t)~dt=2x^3&+ax^2&-4x+3
=~int-12 f(x)~dx+int1 &~f(x)~dx
~f(2)
=~int-2` &(8x^3&+x-5)~dx
a
=^[ ^]-2
^2

14 ~f(x)

11 ~int0^2|x-x^2|~dx ~f(x)=x^2&-6x+9~int01~&f(t)~dt

121
 ~f(x) g(x)

~f(x)=4x^3&+9x^2&-8x+1 ~f(x)+g(x)
~f(x)-g(x)

1 g(x)

2 g(x)

3 g(x)

122
기술! 수학과
하다
로봇 인지 기술의
핵심 도구, 적분!

123
2 정적분

1
y=2x^2&-4x+1 y=x^3&-3x^2&+5

2 P t x x=-t^2&+6t t=2 P

124
 [a, b] t y y=f(x)
~f(x)=x+1 x
x=a, x=t S(t)
1 S(t) 1
S(t)
2 S '(t) ~f(t)
O a t b x
3 2 ~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx= (b)

S(t)
1 1
S(t)= \{(a+1)+(t+1)} (t-a)= (t^2&+2t-a^2&-2a)
2 2
S '(t)=t+1
S '(t)=f(t)

inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=^[ (x)^]a^b&= (b)- (a)

S(a)=0 inta ^b&~f(x)~dx= (b)

f(x) [a, b] y y=f(x)

~f(x)->0 y=f(x) x
x=a, x=b S
S
=inta ^b&~f(x)~dx a x
O b

125
 1
y=x^2&+1 x x=0 x=1
y=-x^2&+3x-2 x

[0 1 y>0 S y y=x^2+1

S=int01&(x^2&+1)~dx 2

1 4 1
=^[ x^3&+x^]1&&=
3 3
O 1 x

y=-x^2&+3x-2 x x y
1 2
x=1 x=2 O x

1 2] y->0 S

S=int1^2&(-x^2&+3x-2)~dx -2
y=-x^2+3x-2
1 3 1
=^[- x^3&+ x^2&-2x^]1^2&=
3 2 6
4 1
3 6

01
y=x^3 x x=0 x=3
y

y=-x^2&+6x x
x x y

02 y
y=- &x^2+10
2
y=- x^2&+10
5

O x

126
 x

~f(x) [a b] y=f(x) x
x=a x=b S

[a b] ~f(x)->0 y y=f(x)

=inta ^b&~f(x)~dx S

O a b x

[a b] ~f(x)-<0 y
y=-f(x)

y=f(x) y=-f(x) x
-f(x)->0 S S

O a b x
S=inta ^b&{-f(x)}~dx S

=inta ^b&|~f(x)|~dx
y=f(x)

[a , b] [a c] f(x)->0 y y=f(x)
~f(x)
[c b] f(x)-<0 S
S
~f(x)
S=inta ^c&~f(x)~dx+intc ^b&{-f(x)}~dx b
O a c x

=inta ^c&|~f(x)|~dx+intc ^b&|~f(x)|~dx

=inta ^b&|~f(x)|~dx

x
~f(x) [a, b] y=f(x) x
x=a, x=b S

=inta ^b&|~f(x)|~dx

127
 2 y=x^2&-2x x x=-2, x=2

y=x^2&-2x x x x=0 x=2 y y=x^2-2x

-2 0] y->0 [0 2] y-<0 8

S=¦-2&(x^2&-2x)~dx+int0^2&(-x^2&+2x)~dx

1 1
=^[ x^3&-x^2&^]0-2&+^[- x^3&+x^2&^]^2 -2 O 2 x
3 3
20 4
= + =8 8
3 3

03 x x=-1, x=3
y=x^2&-x-2 y=x(x&-3)^2

04 x
y=x^2&-9 y=-x(x-1)(x+1)

-a, a] y=f(x)

y ~int-^a f(x)~dx=2~int0^a&`f(x)~dx

~int-^a ~f(x)~dx=0

y=x^2 y y=x^3

y y=x^2 y y=x^3

-a
O a x
-a O a x

128
 ~f(x) g(x) [a b] y=f(x)
y=g(x) x=a x=b S

[a b] ~f(x)->g(x)->0 y
y=f(x)

S
S y=g(x)
S=inta ^b&~f(x)~dx-inta ^b&~g(x)~dx

=inta ^b&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx O a b x

[a b] ~f(x)->g(x) y y=f(x)+k

g(x)
y=g(x)+k
S
y=f(x) y=g(x) y
y=f(x)
k k k
O b
~f(x)+k->g(x)+k->0 a x
y=g(x)
S

S=inta ^b&{~f(x)+k}~dx-inta ^b&{g(x)+k}~dx

=inta ^b&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx

[a , b] [a c] f(x)->g(x) y
~f(x) g(x) y=g(x)
[c b] f(x)-<g(x) S S

~f(x)-g(x)
S=inta ^c&{~f(x)-g(x)}~dx y=f(x)

+intc^b&{~g(x)-f(x)}~dx O a c b x

=inta ^c&|~f(x)-g(x)|~dx+intc^b&|~f(x)-g(x)|~dx

=inta ^b&|~f(x)-g(x)|~dx

129
 ~f(x), g(x) [a, b] y=f(x), y=g(x)
x=a, x=b S

=inta ^b&|~f(x)-g(x)|~dx

3 y=x^2&-x+1, y=-x^2&+3x+1

x x=0 x=2 y y=x^2-x+1

[0 2] x^2&-x+1-<-x^2&+3x+1
3
S

S=int0^2&{(-x^2&+3x+1)-(x^2&-x+1)}~dx 1

O 2 x
=int0^2&(-2x^2&+4x)~dx
y=-x^2+3x+1
2
=^[- x^3&+2x^2&^]^2&
3
8
=
3
8
3

05
y=-x^2&+2 y=x
x

y=x^2&-2x+3 y=-x^2&+4x-1
x

130
4 y=x^2&, y=-x^2&+2x x=0, x=2

x x=0 x=1 y y=x^2

[0 1 x^2&-<-x^2&+2x 1 2] 4
x^2&->-x^2&+2x S

S=int01&{(-x^2&+2x)-x^2&}~dx+int1^2&{x^2&-(-x^2&+2x)}~dx 1
2
O 1 x
=int01&(-2x^2&+2x)~dx+int1^2&(2x^2&-2x)~dx

2 2
=^[- x^3&+x^2&^]1&+^[ x^3&-x^2&^]1^2& y=-x^2+2x
3 3
1 5
= + =2
3 3

06 y=x^3&, y=-x^3&+2x

07 y=x^2&+ax+b a, b y=x^2&+ax+b,
y=-x^2&+4x-3
a b

A
B
A B
A B
으로 이
부분의 이는
A, B가
서로 .

A B

131
 20`m s
t x`m
10
x=- t^2&+20t (0-<t-<3)
3

1 t (t)`m~ s ~int0^3&~& (t)~dt

2 3 1

20
int0^3& (t)~dt=int0^3&~^(- t+20^)~dt=30
3
3 x=30

P t (t) P
x=f(t)
t P ~f(t )=x (t)=f~'(t)

¦ (t)~dt=f(t)-f(t )=f(t)-x
t&

t P x

x=f(t)=x &+int (t)~dt

t&

t=a t=b P

f(b)-f(a)=inta ^b& (t)~dt

132
 P t=a t=b

P t (t) v(t)

a-<t-<b a-<t-<
(t)->0 P
(t)->0 P
b
~f(b)-f(a) O a c t
~f( )-f(a)=inta ^c& (t)~dt
P
f (a) f (b) x

(t)-<0 P
-<t-<b (t)-<0 P
~f(a)-f(b)
P
f (b) f (a) x ~f( )-f(b)=intb^c& (t)~dt

t=a t=b P

{`f( )-f(a)}+{`f( )-f(b)}=inta ^c& (t)~dt+intb^c&& (t)~dt

inta ^b&~f(x)~dx =inta ^c& (t)~dt+intc^b&{-&& (t)}~dt

=-intb^a&~f(x)~dx
=inta ^c&| (t)|~dt+intc^b&|& (t)|~dt

=inta ^b&| (t)|~dt

P t (t) t x

t P x

x=x &+int (t)~dt

t

t=a t=b P

inta ^b& (t)~dt

t=a t=b P

inta ^b&| (t)|~dt

133
 1 1 P t
(t)=4-2t
t=3 P
t=1 t=3 P
t=1 t=3 P

1+int0^3&(4-2t)~dt=1+^[4t-t^2^]^3&=1+3=4

~int1^3&(4-2t)~dt=^[4t-t^2^]1^3&=0

1-<t-<2 (t)->0 2-<t-<3 (t)-<0 t=1 t=3 P

~int1^2&(4-2t)~dt+int2^3&(-4+2t)~dt=^[4t-t^2^]1^2&+^[-4t+t^2^]2^3&

=&1+1=2
4 0 2

01 P t (t)=6t-3t^2

t=4 P
t=1 t=4 P
t=1 t=4 P

02 1`m 10`m s
t (t)`m s
(t)=10-10t (0-<t-<2)
2

134
 III

175

x
~f(x) [a b] y=f(x) x
x=a x=b S
1 ~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx 0 ~inta ^b&~f(x)~dx
=inta ^b&|~f(x)|~dx
y=f(x) x
x=a x=b
~f(x) g(x) [a b]
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=a x=b S

=inta ^b&|~f(x)-g(x)|~dx

2 y=x^2 y=x
P t (t) t&
~int01&(& x-x^2&)~dx
x

t P x x=x &+int `& (t)~dt

t

t=a t=b P inta ^b&~ (t)~dt

3
t=a t=b P inta ^b&| (t)|~dt

3 5
P t
1 y=x^2&-1 x (t)=t-2 t=4 P

4 P t
2 y=x^2&-4x+6 y=-2x^2&+5x (t)=t^2&-4t t=1 t=6
P

135
 8 y=-2x^2&+6x x
y=2x
5 y=2x^3 x x=-2
17 _2
x=a _1 _2
2
_1
a
y y=2x

_1

_2

O 3 x

y=-2x^2+6x

6 y=-x^2&+5x y=ax
32
a
3
0<a<5
y
y=ax

9 y=x^3 (1 1)

O 5 x
y=-x^2+5x

7 ~f(x)=x^2~(x->0) 10 P t
g(x) (t)=3t-t^2 t=2 t=4
P

136
11 13 y=-x^2&+2x+
x y
A B A =1 2

-1< <0
t y

(t)`m s
B
10t (0-<t-<2) OA x
(t)=^{
24-2t (2-<t-<12) p
12
y=-x^2+2x+p

14 P Q
P 7 t
12 y=3x^2&+1 x x=2-
(t)=3t^2&-2 Q
x=2+ ~( 0)
k t
S( )
( ) ~ó ~ 1 P Q
k

137
 2014
10
38`

A B t (t)` m
(t)` m
1
(t)= t^2 (t)=at a
20
A B

A 2 B
A B

1 A B A

2 a

3 (t) 12

138
! 수학과
하다
구 적분

(path i&ntegration)

139
1 ~f(x) x^2 1
4 ~int1^2&~
x+1
~dx-~int1^2&~
t+1
~dt
~¦ (x-1)f(x)~dx=2x^3&+3x^2&-12x+1

~f(-1)
-1 3 5
6 7

5 ~int-^2 ~(2|x|+1)~dx

14 16 18
20 22

2 ~f(x) ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-ax
~f(0)=4 ~f(-1)=2 a

6 ~f(x)=~int0^x(3t^2&-3t-18)~dt

18 19 20
21 22

3 ~f(x) x y

~f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)
~f~'(0)=9 ~f(1)

8 9 10 7 y=(x-2)^2 y=-x+4
11 12

140
 III

176

8 ~f(x)=x^3 g(x)

~int1^3&~f(x)~dx+~int1 &~g(x)~dx 10 14

20 40 41
10 ~f(x) y=f~'(x)
80 81
~f(x)
8 ~f(1)=6 ~f(x)

y y=f '(x)

9 8
P t (t) 2 x
O

v(t)
2

5 6
O 1 3 4 8 t

-2
11 ~int-^a&~ ~(6x^2&-2x)~dx=32 a

P 8

P 4 ~f(x)
12
~f(x)=int 0& (4t^3&-3t^2)~dt

P 8

~f~'(x)

~¦1^2&~f~'(x)~dx

141
13 ~f(x) 14 55`m 50`m s
t
~int-1& ~f(x)~dx=5 ~int0^5&~f(x)~dx=6
(t)`m s
~int1^5&~f(x)~dx=8 (t)=50-10t`(0-<t-<11)

~int-0& {~f(x)-4x}~dx

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142
! 수학과
다

업은 나 의 를
이 어 나 기 분 의 하나로 정 어 .
는 기 을 이 분 에 기 을 제 하는
개 하는 일을 하 어 . 자가 하는 일을
어 업이 을 자 히 게 .

143
I 148

II 152

III 156
 III

1 ~int&(x+2)^3~dx-~int&(x^3&+12x)~dx 4 ~f(x) ~f~'(x)=4x-3

~f(2)=5 ~f(-1)

5 ~f(x)=int&(-x^2&+x)~dx 3
2 ~f(x)
d ~f(x)
~f(x)=~int&^{ (2x^3&-3x)^}~dx
dx
8 17
~f(0)=10 ~f(-2) 3
3 6
11
4
3

6 ~f(x)
3 ~f(x) g(x)
6x^2& (x->1)
~int&g(x)~dx=x^5~f(x)+a ~f~'(x)=Õ~
2x+4 (x<1)
~f(1)=-2 ~f~'(1)=6 ~f(2)=9 ~f(-3)
g(1) a
-6 -5 -4 -13 -10 -7
-3 -2 -4 -1

156
 182

7 ~f(x) y=f~'(x) 9 ~f(x)

~f(x)=~int0^x&(t^2&-6)~dt+int0^x&~3t~dt
y=f(x)
~f~'(3)

y 4 6 8
1 y=f'(x)
10 12
O
-1 1 x

-2

y y
1 1 1
x 10 ~& Õ ~int1^1 &(5x^2&-6x+3)~dx^}
O 1
x h
-1 O 1

y y -1 0 1
1 1 2 3
-1 x 1
O 1 -1 O x
-1 -1

y
1
1
-1 O x
-1 int-12 (-4x^3&+2x+1)~dx
11

8 ~f(x) g(x)
12 ~f(x)
g(x)=~int0^x&{t^2&-f(t)}~dt
~int-1&1`xf(x)~dx=6 ~int-1&1`~f(x)~dx=-8
~f(x)g(x)=-x^4&-2x^3
~f(2)+g(-1) ~f(3)

157
 III

13 ~f(x)=-3x^2&+8x 16 ~f(x)=2x^3&-6x-2
-1-<x-<t |~f(x)| g(t)
~int1^2&~f(x)~dx+~int-1&2 ~f(x)~dx-~int3^2&~f(x)~dx
~int-1&1~g(t)~dt

-35 -25 -15 t->-1

5 15 13
6 7
2
15
8
2

14 ~f(x)

~int-^3& ~f(x)~dx=~int0^3&~f(x)~dx

=~int-0& ~f(x)~dx y=x^2&-ax x

17
~f(0)=-3 ~f(5) 9
a
2
3 4 5
6 7

15 ~int0^a&|3x^2&-6x|~dx=8 a

a 2
5 7 y=x^2&-3x+2 y=-x^2&+3x-2
2
3
2 18
x=0 x=2
9
4
2

158
19 ~f(x)=(x-1)^3&+8 21 P t
y=f(x) x A v(t)=6-2t t=1 t=4
A x P
l y=f(x) y
y=k _1
y=f(x) l
y=k _2
_1= _2 k
0<k<7
22 P
l y y=f(x)
t v(t)
t=0 t=8 P
7
_1

y=k v(t)
2
_2

3
A O 1 2 4 5 6 8 t
O x
-2

23 1

20 ~f(x)= x & g(x)

3 4`m s^2
~int3 ^2&~f(x)~dx+~int0^3&~g(x)~dx
3 8
8 -3`m s^2
27 30 33
36 39

159
 함수의 극한과 연속 02 함수의 극한값의 계산 18~24

18

1 함수의 극한 lim
x=2 ~f(x)+lim
x=2 g(x)=lim
x=2&~{~f(x)+g(x)}=6
lim
x=3 ~f(x)\ lim
x=3 g(x)=lim
x=3 ~f(x)g(x)=18
10 1 x+3 rtx+1 &+rtx-1&
스스로 확인하기 ~ó
x=-1&~5 lim
x=0&~(x+3) lim
x=2&~(3x-1)
2 y y
2
01 8 2 -10 -
-1 O 4 x 3
1
1 1
02 0 1 03
-4 O 1 x 3 8
04 ~f(x)=x-1 g(x)=(x-1)^2&
lim
x=1& f(x)=0 lim
x=1 g(x)=0
~f(x)
lim
x=1&`
g(x)
2 1
05
01 함수의 극한 11~17 3 2
21
11 3 °C
01 2 -1 n=1
3 1
02 0 2 -
3x-1 x x^2 0
~lim
x=inf`f(x)=~lim
x=inf~ =~lim
x=inf~ = =0
1 x^2&+1 1 1
03 ~f(x)= -1 1+
x x^2
14 & n=2
04 inf -inf 1
3-
3x^2&-1 x^2 3
05 -inf inf ~lim
x=inf`f(x)=~lim
x=inf~ =~lim
x=inf~ = =3
x^2&+1 1 1
1+
16 11 20 x^2

스스로 확인하기 1 06 b=a+1 a=1 b=2

06 3 -3 b=rt3+a a=-2 b=1

07 0 23 1 y y=g(x) y=h(x) 21
17
1
1 25-<x<35 ~f(x)=5
35-<x<45 ~f(x)=10 O 2 x

y=f(x) y
y=f(x) y=f(x)
10
07 0
5
24
O 25 35 45 x
~lim
x=inf&`f(x)<lim
x=inf&`g(x)
2 x=35+
ó f(x)=10 x=35-
ó f(x)=5 ~lim
x=inf&`f(x)=0 x=inf&
lim`g(x)=0
x=35
lim f(x) ~lim
x=inf&`f(x)=lim
x=inf&`g(x)

160
 25~27
a=3 b=2
13 lim
x=a`~f(x)=lim
x=a (x+a)=2a=6 a=3
1× 2× 3○ 4○ 3 x^2&-9
x=inf~g(x)=lim
lim x=inf~ \
bx+1 x-3
1 6 1 2 inf -inf
3x+9 3
3 -1 2 4 2 =lim
x=inf~ = =3
bx+1 b
5 b=1

6 ~ó
x=2+ f(x)=~ó
x=2- f(x) k=6 14 P (t t^2) Q (0 r)

7 alpha+beta=1 alphabeta=-2 alpha>beta

O P ^-OQ^- ^2=^-PQ^- ^2
alpha=2 beta=-1
~f(x)+2 r^2=t^2&+(t^2&-r)^2
2+2
lim
x=1 = =2 t^2&+1
2g(x)+4 2\(-1)+4 t^4&+t^2&-2r&t^2&=0 r=
2
x^2&+x-2 x+2 P O t~arr~0
8 lim
x=1 =limx=1 =3
x^2&-x x
t^2&+1 1
1 x^2 1 2x-1 3 a=lim
t=0 ~r=lim
t=0`~ =
x=-1~
~lim 1 + 2=~lim x=-1~ = 2 2
x+1 x-1 2 2(x-1) 4
~f(x)
rtx&-5 1 1 15 x=inf&
lim~ =2 ~f(x) x^2 2
x=25
lim =lim
x=25 = x^2&+4x+3
x-25 rtx&+5 10
x+3
x=-3~
~lim x=-3(rtx+4& +1)=2
=~lim f(x)=2x^2&+ax+b a b
rtx+4 &-1
x-1 x-1
x+1 x+1 lim
x=1 =limx=1 =-1 ……`
9 x=-inf~
ó = x=-inf~
ó ~f(x) 2x^2&+ax+b
|x|-2 -x-2
x-1
lim
x=1&`(x-1)=0 lim
x=1 0
1+1
x
/ ~f(x)
ó~
= x=-inf =-1 lim
x=1&~(2x^2&+ax+b)=0
-1-2
x
/
2+a+b=0 b=-a-2
2 1
-3+ -
-3x^2&+2x-1 x x^2
xó=inf& =ó x=inf ~ =-3 x-1 1
x^2&-5 5 lim
x=1` =lim
x=1`
1- 2x^2&+ax-a-2 2x+a+2
x^2
~f(x) 1
x\ +1 = =-1
~f(x)+x x^2 0\1+1 a+4
10 lim
x=0 =lim
x=0 = =1 a=-5 b=3 ~f(x)=2x^2&-5x+3
g(x)-x ~g(x) 2-1
-1
x
(x-9)f(x) 28
11 lim
x=9 =lim
x=9&~(rtx&+3)f(x)=6\2=12
rtx&-3
12 lim
x=1~(x-1)=0 lim
x=1~(rtx+a&-2)=0 2 -2 0

rt1+a&-2=0 a=3

b=lim
x=1
rtx+3&-2
x-1 2 함수의 연속
1 1
=lim
x=1 =
rtx+3&+2 4 30 1 {x|xnot=1 } {x|x->3}
lim
x=2~(x-2)=0 lim
x=2~(x^2&-ax+b)=0 2 11 -1 5 -3
4-2a+b=0 b=2a-4
01 함수의 연속 31~34
x^2&-ax+2a-4
lim
x=2 =lim
x=2~(x-a+2) 31 1 ~f(x) h(x) 2 ~f(x) g(x)
x-2
=4-a=1 3 ~f(x)

161
01 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ \ 40~42
스스로 확인하기 1
02 (-inf 0)hap(0 inf) [-3 inf) 1× 2× 3○
스스로 확인하기 1 1

03 (-inf 1) (1 inf) (-inf 2] 2 (-inf inf) (-inf 2) (2 inf)

04 a=4 b=2 3 xnot=-1 xnot=2 x

4 1 -15 2 1
x^3&-a
5 lim
x=2 f(x)=f(2) lim
x=2 =b ……`
x-2
02 연속함수의 성질 35~39
lim
x=2&~(x-2)=0 lim
x=2~(x^3&-a)=0
35 8-a=0 a=8
01 x a=8
xnot=-1 xnot=1 x x^3&-8
b=lim
x=2 =lim
x=2&~(x^2&+2x+4)=12
x-2
스스로 확인하기 1
rtx-1& -1
02 7 3 4 1 6 xnot=2 f(x)=
x-2
38 100 m rtx-1& -1 1 1
~f(2)=lim
x=2 =lim
x=2 =
x-2 rtx-1 &+1 2
03 ~f(x)=x^4&+2x-1 ~f(x)
x^2&+2x+1
[0 1] 7 xnot=a ~f(x)=
x-a
~f(0)=-1<0 ~f(1)=2>0 lim
x=a& f(x) lim
x=a&~(x-a)=0
~f(c)=0 c
lim
x=a&~(x^2&+2x+1)=0
(0 1)
a^2&+2a+1=0 (a+1)^2&=0 a=-1
x^4&+2x-1=0 (0 1)
~f(a)=f(-1)=lim
x=-1&(x+1)=0

04 (2x-1)(x+k) (x->1)
8 ~f(x)g(x)=Õ
~f(x)=(x+1)(x-1)(x-2) [0 3] (-x+3)(x+k)& (x<1)
~f(0)=2>0 ~f(3)=8>0 x=1+ x=1-`f(x)g(x)=f(1)g(1)
~ó `f(x)g(x)=~ó
~f(x)=0 (0 3) x=1 1+k=2+2k k=-1
x=2 9
39
10 ~f(x)=x^3&+2x^2&-3x-10 ~f(x)
l(l>0) [-1 3] ~f(-1)=-6<0
~f(3)=26>0 ~f(c)=0
t(9-<t-<15) ~f(t) c (-1 3)
t(9-<t-<15) x^3&+2x^2&-3x-10=0
g(t) (-1 3)
~f(t) g(t) 11 ~f(-2)f(-1)<0 ~f(-1)f(0)<0 ~f(1)f(2)<0
h(t)=f(t)-g(t) ~f(x)=0
h(9)=-l<0 h(15)=l>0 (-2 -1) (-1 0) (1 2)
h(c)=0 ~f(c)=g(c) ~f(x)=0
c (9 15) (-2 2) 3
12 ~f(x)=x^2&-4x+a y=f(x)
x=2 ~f(-2)f(1)<0
(a+12)(a-3)<0 -12<a<3

162
13 ~f(x) x=3 r2 3<t-<6
par ~
x=3+~~f(x)=~ó
~ó x=3-~~f(x)=f(3) 1
~f(t)=4+ \{6+(-t+10)-(t-2)}\(t-3)
2
x=3+~~f(x)=~ó
~ó x=3+(ax+b)=3a+b
=-t^2&+12t-23
|x|-3 1 1 2t-2 (1-<t-<3)
x=3-~~f(x)=~ó
~ó x=3-~ =~ó
x=3-~ =-
9-x^2 -x-3 6 r1 par
par r2 ~f(t)=Õ~
-t^2&+12t-23 (3<t-<6)
~f(3)=3a+b
1 2 ~f(t) [1 6]
3a+b=- ……` ~f(1)=0 ~f(6)=13
6
~f(x) x=-3 13
~f(c)= c (1 6)
x=-3+
`ó `f(x)=x=-3-
`ó `f(x)=f(-3) 2
x=t R
|x|-3 1 1
`ó `f(x)=x=-3+~
x=-3+ `ó =x=-3+~
`ó =-
9-x^2& x-3 6
`ó `f(x)=x=-3-(ax+b)=-3a+b
x=-3- `ó 3 R y x=t
7
~f(-3)=-3a+b 6
5
1 4 R
-3a+b=- ……`
6 3
1 2
a=0 b=- 1
6
14 xnot=-1 xnot=1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x

ax^3&+bx^2&-ax-b 2t-2 (1-<t-<4)

~f(x)= =ax+b
x^2&-1 ~f(t)=Õ~
6t-18 (4<t-<6)
~f(x) x=-1 x=1
[1 6] ~f(1)=0 ~f(6)=18
x=-1
~ó f(x)=f(-1) lim x=1 ~f(x)=f(1)
~f(c)=9 c
-a+b=1 a+b=2 (1 6) x=t
1 3
a= b= R
2 2
15 ~f(x)=(x-a)(x-b)+(x-b)(x-c)
+(x-c)(x-a)
44~46
~f(a)>0 ~f(b)<0 ~f(c)>0
~f(x)=0
1 -1
(a b) (b c)
x+2
2 x=inf&
lim~ =0
x^2&-1
alpha beta(alpha<beta)
a<alpha<b b<beta<c
(x+1)f(x) ~f(x) ~f(-1)
a<alpha<b<beta<c 3 x=-1&
~lim ~ =~lim
x=-1&~ = =3
x^2&-1 x-1 -2
~f(-1)=-6
4 P y=x+1
43
y=-x+2t+1
y Q(0 2t+1)
1 7
x=t
y=x-2 ^-AQ^- ^2=1+(2t+1)^2=4t^2&+4t+2
6
5 ^-AP^- ^2=(t+1)^2&+(t+1)^2&=2(t+1)^2
4
3 ^- P^- ^2
A 2(t+1)^2 2 1
lim
t=inf =lim
t=inf& = =
2 ^-AQ^- ^2 4t^2& + 4t+2 4 2
y=-x+10
1
x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 5 lim
x=0&`x=0 ~ lim
x=0`x^2=0 lim
x=0
x^2
r1 1-<t-<3
par ~f(t)=2(t-1)=2t-2

163
 lim
x=a`g(x)=lim
x=a`[{~f(x)+g(x)}-f(x)] ~f(x)
2 +1
2f(x)+g(x) g(x)
lim
x=a g(x) x=inf
lim` =lim
x=inf&`
-3f(x)+2g(x) ~f(x)
-3 +2
g(x)
1 1 2\3+1
lim x=0`x\ =1
x=0`x=0 ~ lim lim
x=0` =
x x -3\3+2
=-1
11 x>0 x
6
~f(x)
3x^3&-6x^2&-x+2 -x+1-< -<x+1
7 k=lim
x=2 x=2&`(3x^2&-1)=11
=lim x
x-2
x=0+&(-x+1)=1 ~ó
~ó x=0+&(x+1)=1
8 x=-1+{~f(x)+g(x)}=1+1=2
`ó
~f(x)
~ó
x=0+ =1
x=-1-{~f(x)+g(x)}=1+(-1)=0
`ó x
lim { ~f(x)+g(x)}
x=-1& ~f(x) ^2
Õ Ö
{~f(x)}^2 x
~ó
x=0+~ =~ó
x=0+~
x{2x+f(x)} ~f(x)
2+
x=-1+{~f(x)-g(x)}=1-1=0
`ó x
x=-1-{~f(x)-g(x)}=1-(-1)=2
`ó 1 1
= =
2+1 3
lim {~f(x)-g(x)}
x=-1&
2x^2&+ax-b
~f(x)-g(x) x=-1 12 xnot=3 ~f(x)=
x-3
lim
x=3`~f(x) lim
x=3~(x-3)=0
=1+&`f(x)g(x)=(-1)\1=-1
xó lim
x=3~(2x^2&+ax-b)=0
=1-&`f(x)g(x)=1\(-1)=-1
xó 18+3a-b=0 ……`
~f(1)g(1)=(-1)\1=-1 ~f(4)=9
x=1& `f(x)g(x)=f(1)g(1)
ó 32+4a-b=9 ……`
~f(x)g(x) x=1 a=-5 b=3
2x^2&-5x-3
~f(3)=lim
x=3`
x-3
1x+az -b 1
9 lim
x=2 = lim
x=2&~(x-2)=0 =lim
x=3~(2x+1)=7
x-2 6
lim
x=2&~(1x+az -b)=0 1
-x
rt2+a& -b=0 t
13 ~f(x)=~ó
t=-inf~ (x-2)
1
b=rt2+a ……` +1
t
b=rt2+a& =-x(x-2)=-x^2&+2x
1x+az -rt2+a& 1& ~f(x)=-x^2& + 2x=-(x-1)^2& + 1
lim
x=2 =lim
x=2
x-2 rtx+a +rt2+a&`
[0 4] x=1 1 x=4
1 1
= = -8
2rt2+a&` 6
a=7 14 g(x)=f(x)-x g(x)
a=7 b=3 g(-1)=0-(-1)=1>0
1 g(0)=-2-0=-2<0
10 x=inf
lim`g(x)=inf x=inf
lim` =0
g(x) g(1)=2-1=1>0 g(2)=1-2=-1<0
1 g(x)=0
x=inf&
lim~ { ~f(x)-3g(x)}
g(x)
~f(x)=x (-1 0) (0 1) (1 2)
~f(x)
=lim
x=inf&~^{ -3Ö=0
g(x)
~f(x) ~f(x)=x (-1 2)
x=inf
lim` =3 3
g(x)

164
 미분 02 도함수 59~64

59 1 ~f~'(a)=2a
1 미분계수와 도함수 2 a … -1 0 1 2 …
~f~'(a) … -2 0 2 4 …
50 1 2 -2 2 3
01 ~f~'(x)=-1 ~f~'(x)=6x+1
스스로 확인하기 3 3x^2
01 미분계수 51~58
02 - - - -
51 10 2 5
62 {~f(x)+g(x)}'=f~'(x)+g '(x)=2x+2
01 4 3+DELTAx
1 스스로 확인하기 2x 1 3x^2&-6x+2
02 -
9 03 y '=12x^2&+1 y '=-6x^5&+6x^2&-1
03 3 7
04 y '=-6x+16 y '=8x^3&-3x^2&+12x-3
04 2 2
05
05 16 y '=(2x-1)(x^3&+1)+(x^2&-x-3)\3x^2
55 2 =5x^4&-4x^3&-9x^2&+2x-1
06 3 -1 64

57 1 ~f(x) 2 ~f(x) 1 {~f(x)g(x)h(x)}'

=[{~f(x)g(x)}h(x)]'
07 ~f(1)=0 lim
x=1 `f(x)=lim
x=1 |x^2&-1|=0
={~f(x)g(x)}'h(x)+{~f(x)g(x)}h'(x)
lim
x=1 `f(x)=f(1) ={~f~'(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)}h(x)
~f(x) x=1 +f(x)g(x)h'(x)
=f~'(x)g(x)h(x)+f(x)g '(x)h(x)
~f(x)-f(1) |(x-1)(x+1)| +f(x)g(x)h'(x)
x=1+~
~ó =~ó
x=1+~
x-1 x-1 2 ~f(x)=x g(x)=2x-1 h(x)=3x+1
(x-1)(x+1)
=~ó
x=1+~
x-1
x=1+(x+1)
=~ó {~f(x)g(x)h(x)}'=18x^2&-2x-1

=2
~f(x)-f(1) |(x-1)(x+1)|
x=1-~
~ó =~ó
x=1-~
x-1 x-1
65~67
-(x-1)(x+1)
=~ó
x=1-~
x-1
x=1-(-x-1)
=~ó 1○ 2○ 3× 4○
=-2 1 1 2 2 5
~f(x)-f(1) 3 ~f(x) x=0
~f~ ' (1)=ó x=1 ~
x-1
4 y '=3x^2&-4x+1 y '=9x^2&+4x+6
~f(x) x=1
DELTAy ~f(1)-f(-1) 2a
~f(x)=|x^2&-1| x=1 5 = = =a a=3
DELTAx 1-(-1) 2
~f(1+4h)-f(1)
6 lim
h=0
58 h
x-2 (x->2) ~f(1+4h)-f(1)
~f(x)=Õ~ =lim
h=0 \4
4h
(x-2)^2 (x<2)
=4~f~'(1)=8

165
 ~f(1-2h)-f(1) ~f~'(x)=3x^2&+2ax-4 ~f~'(1)=2a-1
lim
h=0
h 2a-1=3 a=2
~f(1-2h)-f(1)
=lim
h=0 \(-2) 13 ~f(1)=1 ~f~'(1)=2
-2h
=-2~f~'(1)=-4 g '(x)=(2x+3)f(x)+(x^2&+3x)f '(x)
7 ~f~'(2)=4 g '(1)=5f(1)+4f~'(1)=13
~f(x)-f(2) 14 ~f~'(x)=(x^2&-4x+3)+(x-a)(2x-4)
lim
x=2
x^3&-8 ~f~'(a)=-1 a^2&-4a+3=-1
~f(x)-f(2) 1
=lim
x=2 \lim
x=2 (a-2)^2&=0 a=2
x-2 x^2&+2x+4
1 1 ~f~'(1)=(1-a)\(-2)=2
=f~'(2)\ =
12 3 15 ~f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+3xy x=0 y=0
~f(x)-1
8 lim
x=4 =5 lim
x=4&~(x-4)=0
x-4
~f(0)=f(0)+f(0) ~f(0)=0
lim
x=4&~{~f(x)-1}=0 ~f(4)=1 ~f(2+h)-f(2)
~f~'(2)=lim
h=0`
~f(x)-1 ~f(x)-f(4) h
lim
x=4 =lim
x=4 =f~'(4) ~f(2)+f(h)+6h-f(2)
x-4 x-4
=lim
h=0`
h
~f~'(4)=5
~f(0+h)-f(0)
9 ~f(x) x=2 =lim
h=0` +6
h
lim
x=2 ~f(x)=f(2) =f~'(0)+6=8
x^2&+3x-10 ~f(x+1)-3
lim
x=2 =a+1 16 lim
x=1&` =4 lim
x=1&~(x^2&-1)=0
x-2 x^2&-1
x^2&+3x-10 lim
x=1&~{~f(x+1)-3}=0 ~f(2)=3
lim
x=2 =lim
x=2&`(x+5)=7
x-2
7=a+1 a=6 x+1=t x~arr~1 t~arr~2
~f(x+1)-3 ~f(t)-3
10 ~f(x)=ax^2&+bx+2 ~f~'(x)=2ax+b lim
x=1&` =limt=2&`
x^2&-1 (t-1)^2&-1
~f(1)=8 a+b+2=8 ……` ~f(t)-f(2) 1
~f~'(-1)=0 -2a+b=0 ……` =limt=2&` \
t-2 t
a=2 b=4 1
= `f~'(2)
11 ~f(x)=2x^3&-x^2&-xf~'(2) x 2
1
`f~'(2)=4 ~f~'(2)=8
2
~f~'(x)=6x^2&-2x-f~'(2)
~f(x)=x^3&+ax+b ~f~'(x)=3x^2&+a
x=2
~f(2)=3 8+2a+b=3 cc
~f~'(2)=24-4-f~'(2) ~f~'(2)=10
~f~'(2)=8 12+a=8 a=-4
~f~'(x)=6x^2&-2x-10
a=-4 b=3
~f~'(-1)=-2
17 x^10&+5x^2&+1 (x-1)^2
~f(1+h)-f(1-3h)
12 lim
h=0` Q(x) ax+b (a b
2h
~f(1+h)-f(1)+f(1)-f(1-3h) x^10&+5x^2&+1=(x-1)^2&Q(x)+ax+b ……`
=lim
h=0`
2h x=1
~f(1+h)-f(1) 1 7=a+b ……`
=lim
h=0&~~ \
h 2 x
~f(1-3h)-f(1) 3
+lim h=0&~~ \ 10x^9&+10x=(2x-2)Q(x)
-3h 2
1 3 +(x-1)^2&Q'(x)+a
= ~f~'(1)+ ~f~'(1) x=1 a=20
2 2
=2f~'(1) a=20 b=-13
2f~'(1)=6 ~f~'(1)=3 20x-13

166
 68 02 평균값 정리 74~77

74 1 ~f(0)=f(2) 2
1 O (x, C(x))
01 0 6x^2&-6 1 1
y=C(x)
(x, C(x)) 76 11 2
3
02 -rt3
2
2 O
(x C(x)) 03 0 ~f(a)
1 2 kg
y=C(x) (x, C(x))
0 8 kg 03 함수의 증가와 감소, 극대와 극소 78~85

78 1 2
C(x)
=2x^2&-4.8x+4=2(x-1.2)^2&+1.12
x 01 r1 ~f(x_2)-f(x_1)=x_2&^3&-x_1&^3
par
C'(x)=6x^2&-9.6x+4=6(x-0.8)^2&+0.16 =(x_2&-x_1)(x_2&^2+
& x_2& x_1&+x_1&^2)>0
x=1.2 ~f(x_1)<f(x_2)
x=0.8 r2
par ~f(x)=x^3 (-inf inf)

3 (1.2 1.12) y=C'(x) r1 ~f(x_2)-f(x_1)=

par
1
-
1
x_2&-1 x_1&-1
x_1&-x_2
= <0
(x_2&-1)(x_1&-1)
~f(x_1)>f(x_2)

2
1
도함수의 활용 r2
par ~f(x)=
x-1
(-inf 1)
70 1 y=2x 2 2 0 02 [0 1]
(-inf 0] [1 inf)
01 접선의 방정식 71~73
[-rt5 0] [rt5 inf)
71 -2 (-inf -rt5& ] [0 rt5& ]
01 y=-2x+1 y=8x+9 03 a=1 b=0 c=-27 d=1
02 y=x+4 y=x+2 y=x-2 (-inf -3] [3& inf)
03 y=-5x-1 y=11x-17 y=-2x+1 [-3& 3]
81
73

~f(x)=-x^2&+4 ~f~'(x)=-2x (a c) ~f~'(x)>0 (-inf a)

(t -t^2&+4) (c inf) ~f~'(x)<0 ~f(x)
y=-2tx+t^2&+4 [a c] (-inf a] [c inf)
A(2 k)
k=(-2t)\2+t^2&+4 t^2&-4t+4-k=0
82 10 38 12 44
t
26 3 18 8
D
D 04 19 -13
=(-2)^2&-(4-k)=k
4 2 1
k>0 2 k=0 05 1 kWh
1 k<0 0
06 a=-3 b=10 17

167
 85 03 ~f(x)=x^3&+6x^2&+9x-2+a
y y=f(x) ~f~'(x)=3x^2&+12x+9=3(x+3)(x+1)
f(c) ~f~'(x)=0 x=-3 x=-1
y=f(x)
~f(x) x=a f(d) x … -3 … -1 …
f(a)
x=c b ~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
O a c d x ~f(x) a-2 a-6
~f(a) ~f(c)
f(b)
x=b x=d ~f(x) x=-3 a-2
~f(b) ~f(d) x=-1 a-6
~f(a)<f(d) ~f(x) ~f(x)=0

(a-2)(a-6)<0 2<a<6
04 ~f(x)=4x^3&-3x^2&-6x+5
~f~'(x)=12x^2&-6x-6=6(2x+1)(x-1)

04 함수의 그래프 86~89 x->0 ~f~'(x)=0 x=1

x 0 … 1 …
86
~f~'(x) - 0 +
1 x … -1 … 1 … ~f(x) 5 0
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 + ~f(x) x=1 0
~f(x) 0 -4 x->0 x
2 y=f(x) ~f(x)=4x^3&-3x^2&-6x+5->0
x->0 4x^3&-3x^2&-6x+5->0
01 y y
4 2
05 5x^4&-3x^3&+1->2x^4&+x^3
2
- 2 3x^4&-4x^3&+1->0
1
O x ~f(x)=3x^4&-4x^3&+1
2
~f~'(x)=12x^3&-12x^2=12x^2(x-1)
O 1 x
~f~'(x)=0 x=0 x=1
-4 2
x … 0 … 1 …
02 y y ~f~'(x) - 0 - 0 +
4
~f(x) 1 0
1
O x ~f(x) x=1 0
-1 x
1
-2 ~f(x)=3x^4&-4x^3&+1->0
-1 O 1 x
x
03 35 -5 5x^4&-3x^3&+1->2x^4&+x^3
2 -7
8
04 1 05 `cm
3
06 속도와 가속도 93~95

93 1 68+24DELTAt 2 68
05 방정식과 부등식에의 활용 90~92
01 -3 0 1
90 10 2 0 2 2 02 3 45`m -30`m s&
01 1 2 02 2<a<6 03 -200`m& s

168
 96~98
~f(x) x=0 1
x=-2 x=1 -31
-4
1○ 2× 3× 4○ 5×
1+(-31)+(-4)=-34
1 y=8x-6
9 ~f(x)=x^3&+ax^2&+bx+c
2 [0 3] ~f~'(x)=3x^2&+2ax+b
(-inf 0] [3 inf) ~f~'(0)=0 b=0
3 20 16 ~f~'(4)=0 48+8a+b=0 a=-6
~f(x) x=0 5
4 y~'=-3x^2&+12x=-3(x-2)^2&+12
~f(0)=5 c=5
x=2 12
~f(x)=x^3&-6x^2&+5
12 (2 8)
~f(x) x=4
~f(4)=-27
y-8=12(x-2) y=12x-16
10 ~f(x)=x^4&-8x^2&+5
5 ~f(x)=x^4&-3x^2&+6 ~f~'(x)=4x^3&-16x=4x(x+2)(x-2)
~f~'(x)=4x^3&-6x -3-<x-<1 ~f~'(x)=0
(t t^4&-3t^2&+6) x=-2 x=0
x -3 … -2 … 0 … 1
y=(4t^3&-6t)x-3t^4&+3t^2&+6
~f~'(x) - 0 + 0 -
~f(x) 14 -11 5 -2
3t^4&-3t^2&-6=0 3(t^2&+1)(t^2&-2)=0
t t=-rt2& t=rt2& ~f(x) x=-3
(-rt2& 4) (rt2& 4) 14 x=-2 -11
OAB 11 D (a -a^2&+6)
1 ABCD S(a)
\2rt2&\4=4rt2&
2 S(a)=2a(-a^2&+6)
6 ~f~'(c)=0 =-2a^3&+12a 0<a<rt6& )
3 S'(a)=-6a^2&+12=-6(a+rt2&)(a-rt2 &)
2c-3=0 c=
2 0<a<rt6& S'(a)=0 a=rt2&
~f(2)-f(0)
=f~'(c) a 0 … rt2 … rt6
2-0
-1=2c-3 c=1 ~S~'(a) + 0 -
~S(a) 8rt2
7 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&+2ax+a x
S(a) a=rt2 8rt2
~f~'(x)->0
ABCD 8rt2
~f~'(x)=0
D 12 ~f(x)=2x^3&-3kx^2&+1
D ~f~'(x)=6x^2&-6kx=6x(x-k)
=a^2&-3a-<0 0-<a-<3
4 x->0 ~f~'(x)=0 x=0 x=k
8 ~f(x)=3x^4&+4x^3&-12x^2&+1 x 0 … k …
~f~'(x)=12x^3&+12x^2&-24x ~f~'(x) 0 - 0 +
=12x(x+2)(x-1) ~f(x) 1 1-k^3
~f~'(x)=0 x=-2 x=0 x=1
~f(x) x=k 1-k^3
x … -2 … 0 … 1 … x->0 ~f(x)>0
~f~'(x) - 0 + 0 - 0 + 1-k^3&>0 (1-k)(1+k+k^2)>0 k<1
~f(x) -31 1 -4 k>0 0<k<1

169
13 t P v 99
v=3t^2&-10t+8
0 v=0
1 r h
3t^2&-10t+8=0 (3t-4)(t-2)=0 k
4
t= t=2 2pair^2&+2pairh=k
3
4 k
t= t=2 v h=-r+ ……`
3 2pair
V(r)
4
P ~ 2 1
3 V(r)=pair^2&h=-pair^3&+ kr
2
14 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-4x+a ~f~'(x)=0 1
V'(r)=-3pair^2&+ k
2
-1<x<2
y k k
r1
par ~f~ '(x)=0 y=f'(x) =-3pai^(r+5 ~~ ^)^(r-5 ~~ Ò
6pai 6pai
D
k
D 4 r>0 V'(r)=0 r=5 ~~
=4-3a>0 a< 6pai
4 3 -1 O 2 x
r2 ~f~ (-1)>0
par ' r 0 … 5 k …
a+7>0 a>-7 6pai
r3 ~f~ (2)>0
par ' a+4>0 a>-4 ~V'(r) + 0 -
4 ~V(r)
r1~ ~par
par r3 -4<a<
3 k
V(r) r=5 ~~
6pai
15 5x^3&-2=2x^3&+9x+k 3x^3&-9x-2=k
~f(x)=3x^3&-9x-2
k 16paika
~f~'(x)=9x^2&-9=9(x+1)(x-1) 5 ~~=
6pai 6pai
~f~'(x)=0 x=-1 x=1
16paika 16paika
x … -1 … 1 … 2 r= h=
6pai 3pai
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
~f(x) 4 -8
~f(0)=-2 y y=3x^3-9x-2 16paika 16paika
r h= =1 2
4 6pai 3pai
y=3x^3&-9x-2
3 1 1
1
O x
-1
-2

k y=k
-8<k<-2 100~102
-8

16 t 2t`cm t 1 ~f(a+1)-f(a)=8 2a-2=8 a=5

r`cm
~f(a+h)-f(a-h)
r 10=2t 10 r=2t 2 lim
h=0
h
t V(t)`cm^3 ~f(a+h)-f(a)+f(a)-f(a-h)
=lim
h=0
1 8 h
V(t)= pair^2&\2t= pait^3
3 3 ~f(a+h)-f(a) ~f(a-h)-f(a)
V'(t)=8pait^2 =lim
h=0 +lim
h=0
h -h
t=2 =f~'(a)+f~'(a)
8pai\2^2=32pai =2f~'(a)=4
32pai`cm^3 s

170
 x^2&-9f(x) -2-<x-<2 ~f~'(x)=0
3 lim
x=3&`
x-3 x=-2 x=0
x^2&-9+9-9f(x)
=lim
x=3&` x -2 … 0 … 2
x-3
x^2&-9 ~f(x)-1 ~f~'(x) 0 - 0 +
=lim
x=3&` -9~lim
x=3&`
x-3 x-3 ~f(x) k-1 k-5 k+15
~f(x)-f(3)
x=3& (x+3)-9 lim
=lim x=3&` ~f(x) x=2 k+15
x-3
x=0 k-5
=6-9f~'(3)=24
~f(x) 8
4 y '=f~'(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x) k+15=8 k=-7
=(-2x+3)(2x^3&-x^2&+x-3) ~f(x) k-5=-12
+(-x^2&+3x+1)(6x^2&-2x+1)

9 h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
~f~'(1)g(1)+f(1)g '(1)=-1+15=14
h(x)=3x^4&-8x^3&+10-k
5 ~f(x)=2x^3&-3x^2 ~f~'(x)=6x^2&-6x h'(x)=12x^3&-24x^2&=12x^2(x-2)
(t 2t^3&-3t^2&) h'(x)=0 x=0 x=2
12 ~f~'(t)=12 x … 0 … 2 …
6t^2&-6t=12 6(t+1)(t-2)=0 ~h'(x) - 0 - 0 +
t=-1 t=2 ~h(x) 10-k -6-k
(-1 -5) (2 4) h(x) x=2
-6-k x
y=12x+7 y=12x-20 h(x)>0 ~f(x)>g(x)
k>0 k=7 -6-k>0 k<-6
6 h'(x)=f~'(x)-g '(x) h'(x)=0 10 t P v a
x=b x=d x=e v=6t^2&-10t a=12t-10
x … b … d … e … 0 v=0
~h'(x) + 0 - 0 + 0 - 6t^2&-10t=0 2t(3t-5)=0
~h(x) 5 5
t>0 t= t= v
3 3
h(x) x=d P
5
7 ~f(x)=x^3&-6ax^2&+9a^2&x+1 a=12\ -10=10
3
~f~'(x)=3x^2&-12ax+9a^2=3(x-a)(x-3a)
11 ~f(x) x=1
~f~'(x)=0 x=a x=3a
x=1+
ó `f(x)=x=1-
ó `f(x)=f(1)
x … a … 3a …
a-2=2+b ……`
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
~f(x) x=1
~f(x) 4a^3&+1 1
~f(1+h)-f(1) ~f(1+h)-f(1)
~f(x) x=a 4a^3&+1 h=0+
ó =h=0-
ó
h h
x=3a 1 2a-2=4 a=3
34 a=3 b=-1
4a^3&+1+1=34 a^3&=8
12 ~f(x)=x^2&+ax&+b
a a=2
~f~'(x)=2x+a
~f(2)=3 4+2a+b=3 ……`
8 ~f(x)=x^3&+3x^2&+k-5 ~f~'(2)=6 4+a=6 a=2
~f~'(x)=3x^2&+6x=3x(x+2) a=2 b=-5

171
13 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&+12x+k
적분
=3(x+2)^2&+k-12
~f(x) y=f'(x) y

[-3 1] 1 부정적분과 정적분

-3-<x-<1 ~f~'(x)->0
106 1 -8 2 y '=0 y '=6x^5
~f~'(-2)->0
k-12->0
k->12
-3
-2
O 1 x 01 부정적분 107~111

107 x^2&+k k
14 ~f~'(x)=-3x^2&+2ax&+b ~f(x) x=alpha
x=beta 스스로 확인하기 x^3
~f~'(x)=0 x=alpha x=beta 01 5x+C x^4&+C
alpha>0 beta>0
108
2a
alpha+beta= >0 a>0
3
b ~f(x) F(x)
alphabeta=- >0 b<0
3 d d
y=f(x) y y Õ~¦`f(x)~dxÖ= {F(x)+C_1}=f(x)
dx dx
c c>0 d
~¦Õ `f(x)Ö~dx=¦`f~'(x)~dx=f(x)+C_2
a>0 b<0 c>0 dx
|a| |b| |c| a -b c d d
Õ~¦`f(x)~dx^}not=~int^{ `f(x)Ö~dx
+ + = + + dx dx
a b c a b c
=1-1+1
109 1 1 1 1
=1 ~f(x) x^2 x^3 x^4 x^5&
2 3 4 5
15 ~f~'(x) x x^2 x^3 x^4
r 8 1
O ~f(x)= x^n+^1&+C C
OAB n+1
h-8
(h-8)^2&+r^2&=8^2 A r B 1
스스로 확인하기 6 x^7
r^2&=-h^2&+16h 7
V(h) 02 - - - -
1 03 x^5&-2x^4&+2x^2&-3x+C
V(h)= pair^2&h
3
1 1 1
1 16 x^4&- x^3&+ x^2&-x+C
=- paih^3&+ paih^2& 4 3 2
3 3
32 04 2x^4&-2x^3&+3x+C -1 2x^4&-2x^3&+3x-1
V'(h)=-paih&^2&+ paih
3
32
=-paih^(h- Ò
3
32 02 정적분 112~118
8<h<16 V'(h)=0 h=
3
112
32 F(x)=x^2 G(x)=x^2&+1 H(x)=x^2&-2
h 8 … … 16
3
F(3)-F(1)=G(3)-G(1)=H(3)-H(1)=8
~V'(h) + 0 -
~V(h) 스스로 확인하기 0

32 01 80 0
V(h) h=
3
스스로 확인하기 x^3 -7
32
3 02 -80 -33

172
03 2x^2&+1 5x^3&-2x+4 9
9+ a+3b=3 3a+2b=-4 ……`
2
213
04
8 ~int-^11 ~f(x)~dx=~int-^11(x^2&+ax+b)~dx
05 ~f(x)=3x^2&+12x+7 a=2
1 1 2
=Ó x^3&+ ax^2&+bx^]^1-1&&= +2b
06 -15 64 3 2 3
2 8
스스로 확인하기 3 3 12 +2b= b=1
3 3
5
07 22 08 b=1 a=-2
2

9 ~int0^1(9a^2&x^2&-12ax+5)~dx=^[3a^2&x^3&-6ax^2&+5x^]0^1
119~121
=3a^2&-6a+5
=3(a-1)^2&+2
1○ 2× 3○ 4× 5×
a=1 2
1 ~f(x)=6x-2
2 1
x^3&+2x^2&-x+C 2x^3&+2x+C 10 2 2 2x^4&+ x^2&-5x -20
2
3 52 15 24
11 ~f(x)=&|x-x^2| 0-<x-<1
4 ~f(x)=x+x^2&+x^3&+ … +x^10&+C
~f(x)=x-x^2 1-<x-<2 ~f(x)=-x+x^2
~f(0)=0 C=0
~f(x)=x+x^2&+x^3&+ … +x^10& ~int0^2&|x-x^2|~dx
~f(1)=1+1+1+ … +1=10
=~int0^1~(x-x^2)~dx+~int1^2~(-x+x^2)~dx
5 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-12x+8
1 1 1 1
~f(x)= ¦ (3x^2&-12x+8)~dx=x^3&-6x^2&+8x+C =Ó x^2&- x^3^]0^1&+^[- x^2&+ x^3^]1^2
2 3 2 3
y=f(x) (1 7) 1 5
= + =1
6 6
1-6+8+C=7 C=4
d
~f(x)=x^3&-6x^2&+8x+4 12 {~f(x)+g(x)}=2x+3
dx
~f(-1)=-11
~f(x)+g(x)=x^2&+3x+C_1
6 F(x)=xf(x)-5x^3&+4x^2 x x=0
~f(0)+g(0)=C_1 C_1&=-3
~f(x)=f(x)+xf~'(x)-15x^2&+8x ~f(x)+g(x)=x^2&+3x-3 ……`
~f~'(x)=15x-8 d
{~f(x)g(x)}=3x^2&+8x-1
x dx
15 ~f(x)g(x)=x^3&+4x^2&-x+C_2
~f(x)= x^2&-8x+C
2 x=0
~f(2)=8 30-16+C=8 C=-6 ~f(0)g(0)=C_2 C_2=-10
15 ~f(x)g(x)=x^3&+4x^2&-x-10
~f(x)= x^2&-8x-6
2
=(x+2)(x^2&+2x-5) ……`
7 ~inta ^x&~f(t)~dt=2x^2&-8x+6 x

~f(x)=4x-8 ~f(x)=x+2 ~f(x)=x^2&+2x-5

Õ Õ
g(x)=x^2&+2x-5 g(x)=x+2
~inta^x&~f(t)~dt=2x^2&-8x+6 x=a
~f(0)=2 g(0)=-5
0=2a^2&-8a+6 2(a-1)(a-3)=0
~f(x)=x+2 g(x)=x^2&+2x-5
a=1 a=3

8 ~int0^3`f(x)~dx=~int0^3&~(x^2&+ax+b)~dx 13 ~int1^x&(x-t)f(t)~dt=2x^3&+ax^2&-4x+3

1 1 9 x=1
=Ó x^3&+ ax^2&+bx^]0^3&=9+ a+3b 0=2+a-4+3 a=-1
3 2 2

173
 ~int1^x&(x-t)f(t)~dt=2x^3&-x^2&-4x+3 2 정적분의 활용
x~int1^x~f(t)~dt-~int1^xtf(t)~dt=2x^3&-x^2&-4x+3
124
x
1 y y
~int1^x~f(t)~dt+xf(x)-xf(x)=6x^2&-2x-4 5

1
~int1^x~~f(t)~dt=6x^2&-2x-4 1
O x 1
x ~f(x)=12x-2 -1
O 2 x
~f(2)=22
2 2 -2
14 ~int0^1~f(t)~dt=a~(a
~f(x)=x^2&-6x+9a 01 넓이 125~131

~int0^1~f(t)~dt=~int0^1(t^2&-6t+9a)~dt 1
125 1 S(t)= (t^2&+2t-a^2&-2a)
2
1
=Ó t^3&-3t^2&+9at^]0^1&
3 2 S'(t)=f(t)
8 3 S(a)=0 inta ^b&~f(x)~dx=S(b)-S(a)=S(b)
=9a-
3
8 1 81
9a- =a
3
a=
3 01 y->0 x=0 x=6 y->0 36
4
~f(x)=x^2&-6x+3 200 19 27 1
02 03 04 36
3 3 2 2
128

y=f(x) y
122 y=f(x) x x=-a x=a
x=0
1 ~f(x)+g(x) ~f(x)-g(x)
~int-^aa ~~f(x)~dx=2~int0^a&~~f(x)~dx
1 g(x) x^3 4
y=f(x)
y=f(x) x x=-a x=a
2 g(x)=4x^3&+ax^2&+bx+c(a b c
x=0
~f(x)+g(x)
=8x^3&+(a+9)x^2&+(b-8)x+c+1 ……` ~int-^aa ~~f(x)~~dx=0
~f(x)-g(x)=(9-a)x^2&-(8+b)x+1-c
9
~¦{ ~f(x)-g(x)}~dx 05 x=-2 x=1 -x^2&+2->x
2
1 1 1
= (9-a)x^3&- (8+b)x^2&+(1-c)x+C x=1 x=2 x^2&-2x+3-<-x^2&+4x-1
3 2 3
……` 8
06 1 07 a=-4 b=3
3
1 1 131
8= (9-a) a+9=- (8+b) b-8=1-c
3 2
a=-15 b=4 c=5 A B
g(x)=4x^3&-15x^2&+4x+5 y=f(x)
y=g(x)
3 ~f(x)=4x^3&-6x^2&+2x+3
~f(x)+g(x) ~f(x)-2g(x)
A B ~f(x)-g(x)=k k

g(x)=2x^3&-12x^2&+19x-9

174
02 속도와 거리 132~134 S_2 19
=
S_1 8
132 1 30 2 30 m 1
01 -16 -18 22 02 10`m 9 ~f(x)=x^3 ~f~'(x)=3x^2
~f~'(1)=3 (1 1)
y=3x-2
135~137
x x=-2 x=1
[-2 1] x^3->3x-2
1× 2○ 3×
4 1 1 3
1 2 ~int-^12 (x^3&-3x+2)~dx=Ó x^4&- x^2&+2x^]^1-2
3 2 4 2
5 27
3 5 4 =
4
3

5 ~int-^a2 |2x^3|~dx=~int-^02 (-2x^3)~dx+~int0^a&~2x^3~dx 10 2-<t-<3 v(t)->0 3-<t-<4 v(t)-<0

1 1 1 P
=Ó- x^4^]^0-2&+^[ x^4^]0^a&=8+ a^4&
2 2 2
~int2^3(3t-t^2&)~dt+~int3^4(-3t+t^2&)~dt
1 17
8+ a^4= a^4&=1
2 2 3 1 3 1
=Ó t^2&- t^3^]2^3&+^[- t^2&+ t^3^]3^4&=3
a>0 a=1 2 3 2 3
6 x x=0 x=5-a
0<a<5 [0 5-a] 11 ~¦0 ^2&~10t~dt+~int2^1^2&~(24-2t)~dt=^[5t^2^]0^2&+^[24t-t^2^]2^1^2&
-x^2&+5x->ax =120~
120`m
~int0^5-^a&{-x^2&+(5-a)x}~dx
12 ~f(x)=3x^2&+1 ~f(x)
1 1 1 F(x)
=Ó- x^3&+ (5-a)x^2^]0^5-^a&= (5-a)^3&
3 2 6
1 32 ~int2-h
^2+h&~f(x)~dx
(5-a)^3&= a=1 S(h)
6 3 h=0+~
~ó =~ó
h=0+~
h h
7 y=f(x) y=g(x) y y=f(x) y=x F(2+h)-F(2-h)
=~ó
h=0+
y=x ~ h
F(2+h)-F(2)
=~ó
h=0+~Õ
1 y=g(x) h
y=f(x) y=x
F(2-h)-F(2)
2 O + Ö
x
-h
1
y=f(x) y=x =2F'(2)=2f(2)=2\13=26
x x=0 x=1
[0 1] x->x^2 13 A B=1 2 B=2A y x=1
1 1 1 y=-x^2&+2x+p B
2~int0^1& (x-x^2)~dx=2^[ x^2&- x^3^]0^1&=
2 3 3 x=1 O x
8 x x=0 x=2 p
A
[0 2] -2x^2&+6x->2x
2 8 y=-x^2+2x+p
S_1&=~int0^2& (-2x^2&+4x)~dx=^[- x^3&+2x^2^]0^2&=
3 3
~int0^1(-x^2&+2x+p)~dx=0
[0 3] -2x^2&+6x->0
1 2
S_2&=~int0^3& (-2x^2&+6x)~dx-S_1 Ó- x^3&+x^2&+px^]0^1&=0 +p=0
3 3
2 8 19 2
=Ó- x^3&+3x^2^]0^3&- = p=-
3 3 3 3

175
14 t P xP
1
xP=7+~int0^t& (3t^2&-2)~dt k^2&=a(k-2)
20
k^2&=20a(k-2) ……`
=7+^[t^3&-2t^]0^t&=t^3&-2t+7
3
t Q xQ ÷ k= (k-2) k=6
2
A B A
xQ=k+~int0^t& dt=k+^[t^]0^t&=t+k
6
P Q xP=xQ
9
t^3&-2t+7=t+k t^3&-3t+7=k 2 k=6 a=
20
1
y=t^3&-3t+7 y=k 3 vA(t)= t^2
40
~f(t)=t^3&-3t+7 9
6 a=
~f~'(t)=3t^2&-3=3(t+1)(t-1) 40
t>0 ~f~'(t)=0 t=1
140~142
t 0 … 1 …
f~'(t) - 0 +
1 ~¦&(x-1)f(x)~dx=2x^3&+3x^2&-12x+1 x
f(t) 7 5

P Q y y=f(t)
(x-1)f(x)=6x^2&+6x-12
t>0 ~f(t)=k
7 x=-1
y=k -2~f(-1)=-12 ~f(-1)=6
5
y=f(t) y=k
1
k 2 ~f(x)=~int&(3x^2&-ax)~dx=x^3&- ax^2&+C
2
5<k<7 ~f(0)=4 C=4
O 1 t
k 6 1
~f(x)=x^3&- ax^2&+4 ~f(-1)=2
2
1
-1- a+4=2 a=2
138 2
3 ~f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y) x=0 y=0
1 A t A ~f(0)=f(0)+f(0) ~f(0)=0
B ~f(x+h)-f(x)
~f~'(x)=lim
h=0
1 h
vA(t)= t^2~(t->0) vB(t)=a(t-2)~(t->2) ~f(x)+f(h)-f(x)
20 =lim
h=0
1
h
v(t) t=k v (t)=`>>>>`t^2
20 ~f(h) ~f(0+h)-f(0)
=lim
h=0 =lim
h=0
h h
P
v (t)=a(t-2) =f~'(0)

~f~'(x)=9 ~f(x)=~¦9~dx=9x+C
O 2 k t
~f(0)=0 C=0 ~f(x)=9x
t=k (k>2) A B ~f(1)=9
x^2 1
1 1 4 int1^2&~ ~dx-~int1^2&~ ~dt
~int0^k&~ t^2~dt= \(k-2)\a(k-2) x+1 t+1
20 2 x^2 1 x^2&-1
1 1 =~int1^2&~ ~dx-~int1^2&~ ~dx=~int1^2&~ ~dx
Ó t^3^]0^k&= a(k-2)^2 x+1 x+1 x+1
60 2 1 1
k^3&=30a(k-2)^2 ……` =int1^2&~(x-1)~dx=^[ x^2&-x^]1^2&=
2 2

176
5 ~int-^23 (2|x|+1)~dx
10 ~f~'(x)=kx(x-2)(k>0)
1
~f(x)= kx^3&-kx^2&+C
=~int-^03 (-2x+1)~dx+int0^2&(2x+1)~dx 3
~f(x) x=0 8
=^[-x^2&+x^]^0-3&+^[x^2&+x^]0^2& ~f(0)=8 C=8
1
=18 ~f(x)= kx^3&-kx^2&+8 ~f(1)=6
3
1
k-k+8=6 k=3
3
6 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-3x-18=3(x+2)(x-3)
~f(x)=x^3&-3x^2&+8
~f~'(x)=0 x=-2 x=3
~f(x) x=2
x … -2 … 3 … ~f(2)=4
f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
f(x) 11 ~int-^aa (6x^2&-2x)~dx=^[2x^3&-x^2^]^a-a&=4a^3&

~f(x) x=-2 4a^3&=32 a^3=8

a a=2
~f(-2)=~int0^-^2&(3t^2&-3t-18)~dt
3 12 ~f(x)=intx ^0&(4t^3&-3t^2)~dt=-int0^x&(4t^3&-3t^2)~dt
=^[t^3&- t^2&-18t^]0^-^2&&=22
2
~f~'(x)=-(4x^3&-3x^2)
=-4x^3&+3x^2
9
7 ~int1^2~f~'(x)~dx=~int1^2(-4x^3&+3x^2)~dx
2
8 y=f(x) y=g(x) y=x =^[-x^4&+x^3^]1^2&=-8

y y=f(x) y=x 13 ~int-^03 `f(x)~dx

27
S_2 =~int-^13 `f(x)~dx+~int1^5&`f(x)~dx+~int5^0&`f(x)~dx

=~int-^13 `f(x)~dx+~int1^5&`f(x)~dx-~int0^5&`f(x)~dx
=5+8-6=7
S_1
~int-^03 {~f(x)-4x}~dx
S_2
y=g(x)
3
1 =~int-^03 `f(x)~dx-~int-^03 ~4x~dx
O 1 3 27 x
=7-^[2x^2^]^0-3&=25
S_1&=~int1^3&~f(x)~dx S_2=~int1^27&g(x)~dx
14 0
~int1^3&f(x)~dx+~int1^27&g(x)~dx=S_1&+S_2 v(t)=0
50-10t=0 t=5
=3\27-1\1
=80
5

9 P t=4 ~int0^5(50-10t)~dt=^[50t-5t^2^]0^5&=125
1 1
~¦0^8&~v(t)~dt= \(4+2)\2- \(4+1)\2 55`m
2 2
=1
P 8 1 125\2+55=305
305`m

177
 2t
I 함수의 극한과 연속 148~151 ^-OA^-=t ^-PH^-=
t^2&+1
2t
lim
t=inf&~(^-OA^-\^-PH^-)=lim
t=inf&~~t\ =2
1 2 t^2&+1

3 ~ó `f(x)= x=-1+(x-4)=-5
x=-1+ ~ó 11 lim
x=2&~(x^2&-3x+2)=0 lim
x=2&~(x^2&-ax+b)=0

x=-1-
~ó `f(x)= x=-1-(-x+4)=5
~ó 4-2a+b=0 b=2a-4

4 x=1+`f(x)=~ó
~ó x=1-`f(x)
x^2&-ax+2a-4 x-a+2
2+k=5-2k k=1 lim
x=2` =lim
x=2&`
x^2&-3x+2 x-1
[x]^2&+x n^2&+n =4-a=3
5 x=n+~
ó = =n+1
[x] n a=1 b=-2 a+b=-1
[x]^2&+x (n-1)^2&+n n^2&-n+1
x=n-~
ó = =
[x] n-1 n-1
~g(x)-3x
lim
x=n
[x]^2&+x
=k 12 lim
x=1 =2 lim
x=1`(x-1)=0
x-1
[x]
lim
x=1`{g(x)-3x}=0 lim
x=1`g(x)=3
n^2&-n+1
n+1= =k
n-1 lim
x=1 f(x)=lim
x=1`{xg(x)-x}=1\3-1=2
n=2 k=3 lim
x=1 f(x)g(x)=6
2x^2&-3x-9 2x+3 3
6 lim
x=3 =lim
x=3&` = ~f(x)-x^3
x^2&-9 x+3 2 13 x=inf&
lim~ =1 ~f(x)-x^3 x^2 1
x^2&
1
x+2-
x^2&+2x-1 x
7 x=inf&
lim~&~ =lim
x=inf&~ =inf ~f(x)=x^3&+x^2&+ax+b a b
3x-2 2
3-
x ~f(x) x^3&+x^2&+ax+b
x=-1~
~lim =~lim
x=-1~ =4 ……`
~ax+3 x+1 x+1
8 x=-inf~
`ó =a a=2a+1
x+1 x=-1&
~lim (x+1)=0
a=-1
x=-1&
~lim (x^3&+x^2&+ax+b)=0
9 x-2=t x~arr~2 t~arr~0 0
-1+1-a+b=0 b=a
alpha
~f(x-2) ~f(t)
lim
x=2 =lim
t=0 =alpha x^3&+x^2&+ax+a
x-2 t x=-1~
~lim =~lim
x=-1&(x^2&+a)
x+1
~f(x) =1+a=4
lim
x=0 =alpha
x
a=3 b=3 ~f(x)=x^3&+x^2&+3x+3
~f(x)
3 +x
3f(x)+x^2 x 14 x^2&+1(x^2&+1>0)
lim
x=0 =lim
x=0
~f(x)-x^2 ~f(x) 2x^2&-1 2x^2&
-x -<~f(x)-<
x x^2&+1 x^2&+1
3alpha 2x^2&-1 2x^2&
= =3 x=inf&
lim~ =2 x=inf&
lim~ =2
alpha x^2&+1 x^2&+1
x=inf&
lim f(x)=2
10 A B y=t(x+1)
15
P y=t(x+1) x^2&+y^2&=1
P y rtx+8& -3 1 1
16 a=~lim
x=1+~ =~lim
x=1+~ =
y 2t x-1 rtx+8& +3 6
1 -12^2&+y^2&=1 y=
t t^2&+1

178
 x^3&+ax+b
17 xnot=-2 xnot=2 ~f(x)= 21 g(~f(x)) x=1
x^2&-4
x=-2(x^2&
~ó -4)=0 x=-2(x^3&
~ó +ax+b)=0 x=1+~g(~f(x))=~ó
~ó x=1-~g(~f(x))=g(~f(1))

-8-2a+b=0 ……` x=1+~g(~f(x))=~ó

~ó x=2+~g(x)=9+4a+2b

lim
x=2&~(x^2&-4)=0 lim
x=2&~(x^3&+ax+b)=0 x=1-~g(~f(x))=~ó
~ó x=0-~g(x)=1

8+2a+b=0 ……` g(~f(1))=g(1)=2+a+b

x=1+~g(~f(x))=~ó
~ó x=1-~g(~f(x))
a=-4 b=0
9+4a+2b=1 ……`
x^3&-4x
xnot=-2 xnot=2 ~f(x)= =x ~ó
x=1-~g(~f(x))=g(~f(1))
x^2&-4
~f(-2)+f(2)=lim
x=-2& f(x)+lim
x=2& f(x)=0 1=2+a+b ……`
a=-3 b=2
18 x=-1
~ó `f(x)=f(-1) 22 x^2&+2(a-2)x+a-2=0 D
x^3&+ax-b
x=-1~
~ó =c ……`
(x+1)^2 D
=(a-2)^2&-(a-2)=(a-2)(a-3)
x=-1(x+1)^2&
~ó =0 4
x=-1(x^3&
~ó +ax-b)=0 2 (a<2 a>3)
~f(a)=^^{~1 (a=2 a=3)
-1-a-b=0 b=-a-1 ……`
0 (2<a<3)
& a 2 3 2+3=5
x^3&+ax+a+1 x^2&-x+a+1
x=-1~
~ó =~ó
x=-1~ =c
(x+1)^2 x+1
x=-1(x+1)=0
~ó
23 3 1
x=-1(x^2&
~ó -x+a+1)=0
24 ~f(x)=2x^3&+3x^2&-x-1
1+1+a+1=0 a=-3
~f(-2)<0 ~f(-1)>0 ~f(0)<0
a=-3 b=2
~f(1)>0 ~f(2)>0
x^2&-x-2
c=~ó
x=-1~ =~ó
x=-1(x-2)=-3 ~f(x)=0
x+1
19 1-<x<2 ~f(x)=-1 2-<x<3 ~f(x)=0 (-2 -1) (-1 0) (0 1)
3-<x<4 ~f(x)=1 x=4 ~f(x)=2
x 2 3 4 3

25 ~f(1)f(2)<0 ~f(3)f(4)<0 ~f(x)=f(-x)

20 ~ó `f(x)g(x)=1\1=1
x=-1+ ~f(-1)f(-2)<0 ~f(-3)f(-4)<0
x=-1-
~ó `f(x)g(x)=(-1)\1=-1 ~f(x)=0
x=-1
~lim f(x)g(x) (-4 -3) (-2 -1) (1 2) (3 4)

x=-1+{~f(x)+g(x)}=1+1=2
~ó
~f(x)=0 4
x=-1-{~f(x)+g(x)}=(-1)+1=0
~ó
x=-1&
~lim {~f(x)+g(x)} 26 ~f(x)=x(x-1)(x-2)+x(x-1)
+x(x-2)+(x-1)(x-2)
~f(x)+g(x) x=-1
~f(x) x
x=1+
ó `f(x)g(x)=(-1)\1=-1
~f(-3)<0 ~f(0)>0 ~f(1)<0 ~f(2)>0
x=1-
ó `f(x)g(x)=1\(-1)=-1
~f(x)=0
`f(1)g(1)=(-1)\1=-1 (-3 0) (0 1) (1 2)
~lim
x=1 ~f(x)g(x)=f(1)g(1) 3
~f(x)g(x) x=1 ~f(x)=0

179
 7 ~f(x)x=2
II 미분 152~155
x=2+`f(x)=~ó
~ó x=2-`f(x)=f(2)
8+2a=4b+4 ……`
1 ~f(3)-f(1)=4 ~f(4)-f(3)=-1
~f(4)-f(1) ~f(4)-f(3)+f(3)-f(1) ~f(x) x=2
= =1 ~f(2+h)-f(2) ~f(2+h)-f(2)
4-1 3 ~ó
h=0+~ =~ó
h=0-~
h h
12+a=4b ……`
2
a=8 b=5
~f(x^2)-xf(1)
3 lim
x=1
x-1 8 ~f(x)=ax^2&+bx+1 ~f~'(x)=2ax+b
~f(x^2)-f(1)+f(1)-xf(1) ~f(1)=3 a+b+1=3 ……`
=lim
x=1
x-1 ~f~'(1)=5 2a+b=5 ……`
~f(x^2)-f(1)
=lim
x=1 \(x+1)-f(1) a=3 b=-1
x^2&-1
a-b=4
=2f~'(1)-f(1)=-7
~~f(x)-3
4 A(a ~f(a)) B(b ~f(b)) 9 lim
x=2 =1 lim
x=2`(x-2)=0
x-2
AB y=x
lim
x=2`{~f(x)-3}=0 ~f(2)=3
~f(b)-f(a)
>1 ~f(x)-f(2)
b-a ~f~'(2)=lim
x=2 =1
x-2
b-a>0 ~f(b)-f(a)>b-a
g(x)+2
B y=x lim
x=2 =3 lim
x=2`(x-2)=0
x-2
~f~'(b)>1 lim
x=2`{~g(x)+2}=0 g(2)=-2
OA OB g(x)-g(2)
g '(2)=lim
x=2 =3
~f(a) ~f(b) x-2
<
a b {~f(x)g(x)}'=f~'(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)
~f(x)g(x) x=2
~f(2+h)-f(2) ~f~'(2)g(2)+f(2)g '(2)=7
5 ~f~'(2)=lim
h=0
h
~f(2)+f(h)-2h-f(2)
=lim
h=0
h 10 x^10&+ax+b (x-1)^2
~f(h) Q(x)
=lim
h=0 -2
h x^10&+ax+b=(x-1)^2&Q(x)+7x-8 ……`
~f(h) ~f(h) x=1
lim
h=0 -2=4 lim
h=0 =6
h h 1+a+b=-1 ……`
~f(x+h)-f(x)
~f~'(x)=limh=0 x
h
~f(x)+f(h)-xh-f(x) 10x^9&+a=(2x-2)Q(x)+(x-1)^2&Q'(x)+7
=lim
h=0 x=1 a=-3
h
=6-x a=-3 b=1
6 (x-1)f~'(x)=x^2&-1-f(x) x=1 a+2b=-1
0=1-1-f(1) ~f(1)=0 11
x^2&-1-f(x)
xnot=1 ~f~'(x)= 12 ~f(x)=x^3&-2x ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-2
x-1
~f~'(x) P(-1 1) y=x+2
x=1 ~~f~'(x)
~f~'(1)=lim Q(-2 0) R(0 2)
~f(x)-f(1) y=x^3&-2x x
x^2&-1
=lim
x=1 -lim
x=1 x=-1 x=2
x-1 x-1
=2-f~'(1) S P (2 4)
~f~'(1)=2-~f~'(1) ~f~'(1)=1 ^-PQ^- ^-QR^- ^-RS^-=rt2 2rt2 2rt2=1 2 2

180
13 ~f~'(x)=4x^3&-8x=4x(x+rt2& )(x-rt2& ) V'(x)=-
3rt2
x^2&+3rt2&x=-
3rt2
x(x-2)
-1<c<rt3& ~f~'(c)=0 c 2 2
0<x<3 V'(x)=0 x=2
0 rt2& 0+rt2&=rt2&
x 0 … 2 … 3
14 ~f(x)
~V'(x) + 0 -
x
~V(x) 2rt2
~f~'(x)=-3x^2&+4ax+a-<0
~f~'(x)=0 D 2rt2&
D 3
=4a^2&+3a-<0 - -<a-<0 19 ~f(x)=3x^3&-9x^2&+5
4 4 ~f~'(x)=9x^2&-18x=9x(x-2)
15 ~f(x) [-2 0] ~f~'(x)=0 x=0 x=2
[0 2] x … 0 … 2 …
~f~'(4)=0 x=4 ~f~'(x) ~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
~f(x) x=4 ~f(x) 5 -7
y=|~f(x)| y y=|f(x)|
7
16 ~f~'(x)=3x^2&-2ax+2a ~f~'(x)=0 5 y=k
D k
D
=a^2&-6a-<0 0-<a-<6
4
5<k<7
a 7 O 2 x

17 ~f(x)=2ax^3&+3ax^2&+b 20 t P v a
~f~'(x)=6ax^2&+6ax=6ax(x+1) v=3t^2&-16t+16 a=6t-16
-2-<x-<0 ~f~'(x)=0 P 0
x=-1 x=0 x=0
x -2 … -1 … 0 t^3&-8t^2&+16t=0 t(t-4)^2&=0
~f~'(x) + 0 - 0 t>0 t=4
~f(x) -4a+b a+b b v=0 a=8
~f(x) 7 -3 21
a+b=7 -4a+b=-3 22 x`m
a=2 b=5 t 0 8t`m
ab=10 3 1 8=x (x-0 8t) x=2t
18 O-ABCD O t l`m
A' l=x-0 8t=2t-0 8t=1 2t
4^-OB^- ^2-^(v 1 ^-BD^-^)^2v
D'C'
2 B' dl
A D =1 2 1 2`m s
3rt2 dt
=
2 B
C 23
O-ABCD O-A B'C'D' ' 0.5`m
O-A'B'C'D' 0 5`m
x~(0<x<3) h x`m 30°
60°
3rt2 rt2 0 5 x=1 2 x=1
3 x= h h= x
2 2
h=1 21-5t^2&=1 t^2&=4
3rt2 rt2
- x t>0 t=2
2 2
V(x) t v`m s v=-10t
3rt2 rt2 rt2 3rt2 t=2 v=-20
V(x)=x^2^( - xÒ=- x^3&+ x^2
2 2 2 2 -20`m s

181
 ~ó f(x)=~ó
x=1+ x=1- f(x)=f(1)
III 적분 156~159
-1=1+C_4 C_4=-2
y=f(x)
1 2x^3&+8x+C
2 ~f(x)=2x^3&-3x+C ~f(0)=10 C=10
~f(x)=2x^3&-3x+10 ~f(-2)=0 8 ~f(x)g(x) g(x)
g(x)=~int0^x{t^2&-f(t)}~dt x
3 ~¦&g(x)~dx=x^5&f(x)+a x
g '(x)=x^2&-f(x)
x^2&-f(x)
g(x)=5x^4&f(x)+x^5&f~'(x) ~f(x) x^2 1
g(1)=5f(1)+f~'(1)=-4 ~f(x)g(x)=-x^4&-2x^3=-x^2(x^2&+2x)

4 ~f(x)=~int&(4x-3)~dx=2x^2&-3x+C
~f(x)=x^2&+2x g(x)=-x^2
~f(2)=5 8-6+C=5 C=3 ~f(2)+g(-1)=8+(-1)=7
~f(x)=2x^2&-3x+3 ~f(-1)=8
9 ~f~'(x)=(x^2&-6)+3x ~f~'(3)=12
1 1
5 ~f(x)=- x^3&+ x^2&+C
3 2
~f~'(x)=-x^2&+x=-x(x-1) 10 ~f(x)=5x^2&-6x+3 ~f(x)
~f~'(x)=0 x=0 x=1 F(x)
~f(x) x=1 3 1
lim
h=0`Õ ~int1^1+h(5x^2&-6x+3)~dx^}
1 1 17 h
~f(1)=3 - + +C=3 C= F(1+h)-F(1)
3 2 6 =lim
h=0
h
~f(x) x=0
=F'(1)=f(1)=2
17
~f(0)=C=
6
11 15
2x^3&+C_1 (x->1) 12 ~f(x)=ax+b~(anot=0 a b
6 ~f(x)=Õ~
x^2&+4x+C_2 (x<1)
~int-^11~xf(x)~dx=~int-^11~(ax^2&+bx)~dx
~f(2)=9 16+C_1&=9 C_1&=-7
~f(x) x=1 1 1 2
=Ó ax^3&+ bx^2^]^1-1&= a
x=1+
~ó f(x)=~ó x=1- f(x)=f(1) 3 2 3
2
2-7=1+4+C_2 C_2&=-10 a=6 a=9
3
~f(-3)=-13
~int-^11`f(x)~dx=~int-^11(ax+b)~dx
1 (x<-1)
1
2x (-1<x-<0) =Óax^2&+bx^]^1-1&=2b
2
7 ~f~'(x)= ^^{~
-2x (0-<x<1) 2b=-8 b=-4
1 (x>1) ~f(x)=9x-4 ~f(3)=23
x+C_1 (x<-1)
13
&x^2&+C_2 (-1<x-<0)
~f(x)= ^^{~
-&x^2&+C_3 (0-<x<1) int-^32 (-3x^2&+8x)~dx=^[-x^3&+4x^2&^]^3-2&
x+C_4 (x>1) =-15
~f(0)=0 C_2=0 C_3=0
~f(x) x=-1 x=1 14 ~f(x)=ax^2&+bx+c~(anot=0 a b c
`x=-1+&
~lim `f(x)=`x=-1-&
~lim `f(x)=~f(-1) ~f(0)=-3 c=-3
-1+C_1=1 C_1=2 ~f(x)=ax^2&+bx-3

182
 ~int-^33 `f(x)~dx=~int0^3~f(x)~dx 17 x x x=0 x=a
9
~int0^a(-x^2&+ax)~dx=
~int-^03 `f(x)~dx+~int0^3~f(x)~dx=~int0^3~f(x)~dx 2
1 1 9
Ó- x^3&+ ax^2^]0^a&= a^3&=27 a=3
~int-^03 `f(x)~dx=0 3 2 2

~int-^03 (ax^2&+bx-3)~dx=0 18 2
1 1 19 x x x=-1
Ó ax^3&+ bx^2&-3x^]^0-3&=0
3 2
S_1=S_2 y=f(x) y
9
9a- b-9=0 ……` -k
2
~int0^3~f(x)~dx=~int-^03 `f(x)~dx=0 ~int-^01{~f(x)-k}~dx=0

~int0^3(ax^2&+bx-3)~dx=0 ~int-^01(x^3&-3x^2&+3x+7-k)~dx=0

1 1 1 3
Ó ax^3&+ bx^2&-3x^]0^3&=0 Ó x^4&-x^3&+ x^2&+(7-k)x^]^0-1&=0
3 2 4 2
9 17 17
9a+ b-9=0 ……` -k=0 k=
2 4 4
a=1 b=0 20 y=f(x) y=g(x) y y=g(x) y=x

~f(x)=x^2&-3 ~f(5)=22 y=x 12

15 ~int0^a|3x^2&-6x|~dx S_1
S_2
S_1&=~int3^1^2f(x)~dx y=f(x)
=~int0^2(-3x^2&+6x)~dx+~int2^a(3x^2&-6x)~dx 3
S_1
S_2&=~int0^3g(x)~dx x
O 3 12
=^[-x^3&+3x^2^]0^2&+^[x^3&-3x^2^]2^a&
~int3^1^2f(x)~dx+~int0^3g(x)~dx=S_1&+S_2=3\12=36
=a^3&-3a^2&+8
a^3&-3a^2&+8&=8 a^2&(a-3)=0 a=3
21 3
16 ~f~'(x)=6x^2&-6=6(x+1)(x-1) 22
1 1 1
\2\2+ \2\2+ ~\(1+4)\2=9
~f~'(x)=0 x=-1 x=1 2 2 2
23 t v(t)`m s
x … -1 … 1 …
f~'(x) + 0 - 0 +
r1 0-<t-<3
par 4`m s^2
f(x) 2 -6
v(t)=~int0^t 4~dt=4t
y=|~f(x)| y y=|f(x)|
6 r2 3-<t-<8
par v(3)=12
-1-<t-<0 v(t)=12
g(t)=f(-1)=2 r3 t->8
par -3`m s^2 v(8)=12
2
0-<t-<1 O v(t)=12+~int8^t (-3)~dt=-3t+36
g(t)=|~f(t)|=-2t^3&+6t+2 -1 1 x
0 v(t)=0
-3t+36=0 t=12
~int-^11 ~g(t)~dt=~int-^01 ~2~dt+~int0^1(-2t^3&+6t+2)~dt r1~ par
par r3
1 ~int0^34t~dt+~int3^812~dt+~int8^1^2(-3t+36)~dt
=^[2t^]^0-1&+^[- t^4&+3t^2&+2t^]0^1&
2
13 3
= =^[2t^2^]0^3+ & ^[- t^2&+36t^]8^1^2&=
& ^[12t^]3^8+ & 102
2 2
102~m

183